Linux 窗口环境

在 Linux 上，Blender 的正式版本同时支持 X11 和 Wayland 。

当检测到 Wayland 时，它是首选的系统，否则将使用 X11 。

Hint

The current “Windowing Environment” is listed in File ‣ About.

X11

这是 Linux 和 Unix 系统中使用最广泛的窗口环境。

近期没有计划废弃或移除 X11 支持。

Wayland

对 Wayland 的支持是最近才加入的，因此可能有一些配置尚未经过测试。如果遇到问题，请报告错误。

Blender has been tested with Gnome-Shell (mutter), KDE (plasma) & SWAY (wlroots) based compositors.

系统要求

Gnome-Shell

Under Gnome-Shell the libdecor library is required. This is available as a package on most Linux distribution.

If the library isn’t found X11 will be used as a fallback.

问题排查

Detailed Wayland output can help to track down problems. Launch Blender from the command-line with additional arguments:

Blender’s Wayland Logging

  1. blender --log "ghost.wl.*" --log-level 2

Wayland Built-In Logging

  1. WAYLAND_DEBUG=1 blender

禁用 Wayland（强制 X11）

  1. WAYLAND_DISPLAY="" blender

Disable libdecor (forcing borderless windows under Gnome-Shell)

Uninstall libdecor, then run Blender with an empty X11 display variable.

  1. DISPLAY="" blender

环境变量

XCURSOR_THEME

The cursor theme to use (must refer to a locally installed cursor).

XCURSOR_SIZE

The cursor size, defaults to 28, you may wish to increase the size on Hi-DPI displays.

已知局限

Gnome Shell’s Fractional Scaling (before version 44)

Versions of Gnome-Shell prior to 44 don’t fully support fractional scaling.

Using fractional under older versions of Gnome-Shell may result in glitches such as a small cursor size.

NVidia GPU

Currently NVidia drivers don’t fully support features needed for Wayland. Graphical glitches and flickering are common problems. In some cases, there can be crashes on startup. This is not specific to Blender, so NVidia users may want to use X11 until driver support improves.

特性比较

特性

X11

Wayland

注意

平滑滚动

✗

✓

Smooth scrolling with track-pads.

多点触控手势

✗

✓

Track-pad and tablet support for
pinch to zoom, pan and orbit.

Reliable Cursor Warping

✗ 1

✓

Cursor warping is used while transforming
and orbiting the viewport for e.g.

窗口定位

✓

✗ 2

Needed for dragging between windows and
restoring window positions on file load.

Other features which both systems support such as Hi-DPI, 3D-mouse, tablet input, … etc. have been left out of this list.

*1 In X11 fast cursor motion may exit the window bounds while the cursor is grabbed (transforming for e.g.).

*2 Wayland doesn’t support setting the window position, as this is a design decision it’s unlikely to be supported (see issues for position).