简介

The UV Editor is used for editing UV maps, which describe how a 2D image should be mapped onto a 3D object.

Image textures are typically needed when the desired look is hard to achieve with procedural textures, or if the texture is not uniform. For example, a car would only have scratches in a few places where they make sense, not in random places all over its body.

Blender offers a number of projections (Box, Sphere…) that automatically apply a 2D image to a 3D object, but these tend to only work for simple meshes. For more complex ones, you need to create a UV map instead. This is a flat area where each face of the 3D object is laid out on the 2D image, specifying which part of the image it should be textured with. This gives you complete control over the mapping process.

The name “UV” refers to the axes of the map: U for horizontal, V for vertical. These letters were chosen to avoid confusion with “X” and “Y”, which refer to axes in 3D space instead.

UV 解释

The best analogy to understand UV mapping is cutting up a cardboard box. If you were to take a pair of scissors and cut along its edges, you would be able to spread it out flat on a tabletop. As you are looking down at the table, we could say that U is the left-right direction, and V is the up-down direction.

As a next step, you could put the spread-out box on top of a poster, cut the poster to match its shape, glue the poster to the box, and finally reassemble the box. You now have a 3D box textured with a 2D image.

A UV map describes how the box is cut up, and how it’s laid out on the poster. You have complete freedom in how to do this: if you wanted to, you could cut each individual side of the box and position, rotate, scale, and even skew it on the poster independently of the other sides.

例子

In the above image, a dome in 3D space is flattened into a disc in UV space. Each 3D face is then textured with the part of the image it covers in the UV map.

The image also demonstrates a common problem in UV maps: distortion. Notice how, even though the checkered squares in the 2D texture are all the same size, they get different sizes when applied to the 3D dome (they’re smaller at the base than at the top). This is because the faces in the UV map have different relative sizes than in 3D space, which is a result of the flattening process.

You’ll typically want to minimize this distortion by manually guiding and tweaking the flattening, using seams for example. However, it’s not always possible to eliminate it completely.

界面

标题栏

标题栏包含几个处理UV的菜单和选项。

选区同步

在UV编辑器和3D视图之间同步选择。更多细节请参阅 选区同步。

选择模式

要选择的UV元素类型。有关更多详细信息，请参见 选择模式。

粘性选择模式

自动选择其他哪些顶点。更多细节请参阅 粘性选择模式。

视图

用于控制内容在编辑器中的显示方式的工具。见 导航。

选择

用于 选择UV 的工具。

图像

用于打开和处理图像的工具。参见 编辑。

UV

包含用于 网格UV展开 和 编辑UV 的工具。

轴心点 Period(句号)

见 轴心点。

吸附 Shift-Tab

见 吸附。

衰减编辑 O

见 衰减编辑。

图像

A data-block menu used for selecting images. When an image has been loaded or created in the UV Editor, the Image panel appears in the Sidebar region.

图像钉固

When enabled the current image remains visible regardless of the object selection. This switching only happens if the 3D Viewport is in Edit Mode or Texture Paint Mode.

This can be useful to enable when an image is used as a reference.

显示操控器

Lets you show/hide all gizmos using the toggle button, or specific gizmos using the drop-down arrow.

• 导航

  启用/禁用用于平移或缩放2D视图的控件，有关详细信息，请参阅 导航操控器。

显示叠加层

Lets you show/hide all overlays using the toggle button, or specific overlays using the drop-down arrow. See 叠加层.

Active UV Loop Layer

选择要使用的UV贴图。

显示通道

选择要显示的颜色通道。

• 颜色 和 Alpha:

  Enables transparency and shows a checkerboard behind the image.

  颜色:

  显示不带alpha通道的彩色图像。

  Alpha:

  将Alpha通道显示为灰阶图像。白色区域是不透明的，黑色区域则为透明。

  Z缓冲:

  显示摄像机的景深，从裁剪起点到裁剪终点，如 摄像机设置 中所指定。

  红，绿，蓝:

  显示单个颜色通道为灰阶图像。