RecomputeOptimizer
查看属性与别名
API属性:声明式编程(静态图)专用API
class paddle.fluid.optimizer.RecomputeOptimizer
( optimizer ) [源代码]
通常来讲,一个深度学习的训练流程包含了三个子步骤:首先,运行前向算子来计算Variable和loss的值;其次,运行反向算子来计算参数的梯度;最后,应用优化算法以更新参数值。
在前向运算过程中,反向运算会用到的Variable都会保存在内存中,当模型深度很深时,这会占用大量的内存。
重计算将深度学习网络切分为k个部分(segments)。在每个segment,运行反向运算时会首先运算前向计算。在重计算模式下,前向计算除了checkpoint和一些必须存储在内存中的特殊Variable,其他临时Variable都会被释放,这对节省内存非常有益。
把一个深度学习网络切分为k个segments的Variables被称为checkpoints。用户在使用运行RecomputeOptimizer之前需要先设置checkpoints。
参数
- optimizer (Optimizer)-内部优化器
代码示例
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np
def gen_data():
return {"x": np.random.random(size=(32, 32)).astype('float32'),
"y": np.random.randint(2, size=(32, 1)).astype('int64')}
def mlp(input_x, input_y, hid_dim=128, label_dim=2):
print(input_x)
fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_x, size=hid_dim)
prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_1], size=label_dim, act='softmax')
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=input_y)
sum_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(cost)
return sum_cost, fc_1, prediction
input_x = fluid.layers.data(name="x", shape=[32], dtype='float32')
input_y = fluid.layers.data(name="y", shape=[1], dtype='int64')
cost, fc_1, pred = mlp(input_x, input_y)
sgd = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.01)
sgd = fluid.optimizer.RecomputeOptimizer(sgd)
sgd._set_checkpoints([fc_1, pred])
sgd.minimize(cost)
print("Finished optimize")
place = fluid.CPUPlace()
exe = fluid.Executor(place)
exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
step = 10
for i in range(step):
cost_val = exe.run(feed=gen_data(),
program=fluid.default_main_program(),
fetch_list=[cost.name])
print("step=%d cost=%f" % (i, cost_val[0]))
方法
apply_gradients(params_grads)
调用self.apply_gradients
参数
- params_grads (list)- 用于优化的(param, grad)对组成的列表
返回
附加在当前Program的优化算子组成的列表
返回类型
list
代码示例
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
def mlp(input_x, input_y, hid_dim=128, label_dim=2):
fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_x, size=hid_dim)
prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_1], size=label_dim, act='softmax')
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=input_y)
sum_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(cost)
return sum_cost, fc_1, prediction
input_x = fluid.layers.data(name="x", shape=[32], dtype='float32')
input_y = fluid.layers.data(name="y", shape=[1], dtype='int64')
cost, fc_1, pred = mlp(input_x, input_y)
print("Finished FF")
sgd = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.01)
sgd = fluid.optimizer.RecomputeOptimizer(sgd)
params_grads = sgd.backward(
cost,
startup_program=None,
parameter_list=None,
no_grad_set=None)
program = cost.block.program
with framework.program_guard(program, None):
optimize_ops = sgd.apply_gradients(params_grads)
print("Finished apply gradients")
apply_optimize(loss, startup_program, params_grads)
调用self._optimizer的apply_optimize函数
参数
- loss (Variable) – 用于优化过程的损失值变量
- startup_program (Program) – 用于初始化在parameter_list中参数的startup_program
- params_grads (list)- 用于优化的(param, grad)对组成的列表
返回
附加在当前Program的算子组成的列表
返回类型
list
代码示例
import paddle.fluid as fluid
def mlp(input_x, input_y, hid_dim=128, label_dim=2):
fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_x, size=hid_dim)
prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_1], size=label_dim, act='softmax')
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=input_y)
sum_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(cost)
return sum_cost, fc_1, prediction
input_x = fluid.layers.data(name="x", shape=[32], dtype='float32')
input_y = fluid.layers.data(name="y", shape=[1], dtype='int64')
cost, fc_1, pred = mlp(input_x, input_y)
print("Finished FF")
sgd = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.01)
sgd = fluid.optimizer.RecomputeOptimizer(sgd)
params_grads = sgd.backward(
cost,
startup_program=None,
parameter_list=None,
no_grad_set=None)
optimize_ops = sgd.apply_optimize(
cost, startup_program=None, params_grads=params_grads)
print("Finished apply_optimize")
backward(loss, startup_program=None, parameter_list=None, no_grad_set=None, callbacks=None)
带checkpoint的backward函数
参数
- loss (Variable) – 需要最小化的损失值变量
- startup_program (Program, 可选) – 用于初始化parameter_list中参数的 Program , 默认值为None,此时将使用 default_startup_program
- parameter_list (list, 可选) – 待更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的列表, 默认值为None,此时将更新所有的Parameter
- no_grad_set (set, 可选) – 不需要更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的的集合,默认值为None
- callbacks (list, 可选) – 当为某参数附加反向算子时所要运行的callables组成的列表
- checkpoints (list, 可选) – 一批作为checkpoints的Variables
返回
由(param, grad)对构成的列表,其中param是参数,grad是其对应的梯度
返回类型
list
代码示例
import paddle.fluid as fluid
def mlp(input_x, input_y, hid_dim=128, label_dim=2):
fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_x, size=hid_dim)
prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_1], size=label_dim, act='softmax')
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=input_y)
sum_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(cost)
return sum_cost, fc_1, prediction
input_x = fluid.layers.data(name="x", shape=[32], dtype='float32')
input_y = fluid.layers.data(name="y", shape=[1], dtype='int64')
cost, fc_1, pred = mlp(input_x, input_y)
print("Finished FF")
sgd = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.01)
sgd = fluid.optimizer.RecomputeOptimizer(sgd)
params_grads = sgd.backward(
cost,
startup_program=None,
parameter_list=None,
no_grad_set=None)
print("Finished backward")