Editing

Transform

Reference

Mode:

Edit Mode

Menu:

Key ‣ Transform

An F-Curve can be edited by transforming the locations of the keyframes.

Move, Rotate, Scale

Like other elements in Blender, keyframes can be moved, rotated, or scaled as described in Basic Transformations.

Extend

Moves keyframes relative to the current frame. If the mouse is to the left of the Playhead, this operator only affects the selected keyframes that are to the left of the Playhead. On the contrary, if the mouse is to the right of the Playhead, this operator only affects the selected keyframes that are to the right of the Playhead.

Tip

For precise control of the keyframe position and value, you can set values in the Active Keyframe of the Sidebar region.

Snap

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Snap

Shortcut:

Shift-S

Keyframes can be snapped to different properties by using the Snap Keys tool.

Selection to Current Frame

Snap the selected keyframes to the current frame.

Selection to Cursor Value

Snap the selected keyframes to the 2D Cursor.

Selection to Nearest Frame

Snap the selected keyframes to their nearest frame individually.

Selection to Nearest Second

Snap the selected keyframes to their nearest second individually, based on the FPS of the scene.

Selection to Nearest Marker

Snap the selected keyframes to their nearest marker individually.

Flatten Handles

Flatten the Bézier handles for the selected keyframes.

Flatten Handles snapping example.

Equalize Handles

Ensure selected keyframes’ handles have equal length.

• Side

  Side of the keyframes’ Bézier handles to affect

  • Left:

    Equalize selected keyframes’ left handles.

    Right:

    Equalize selected keyframes’ right handles.

    Both:

    Equalize both of a keyframe’s handles.

  Handle Length

  Length to make selected keyframes’ Bézier handles.

  Flatten

  Make the values of the selected keyframes’ handles the same as their respective keyframes.

Cursor to Selected Ctrl-G

Places the cursor at the midpoint between selected keyframes.

Cursor Value to Selection

Places the cursor value on the average value of selected keyframes.

Mirror

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Mirror

Shortcut:

Ctrl-M

Selected keyframes can be mirrored over different properties using the Mirror Keys tool.

By Times over Current Frame

Mirror horizontally over the current frame.

By Values over Cursor Value

Mirror vertically over the 2D cursor.

By Times over Time 0

Mirror horizontally over frame 0.

By Values over Value 0

Mirror vertically over value 0.

By Times over First Selected Marker

Mirror horizontally over the first selected marker.

Jump to Selected

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Jump to Selected

Shortcut:

Ctrl-G

Places the 2D cursor at the center of the selected keyframes.

Insert

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Insert

Shortcut:

I

Inserts a keyframe to the active F-Curve at the mouse position. The newly added keyframes will be selected, making it easier to quickly tweak the newly added keyframes. All previously selected keyframes are kept selected by using I.

Type

• All Channels:

  Insert a keyframe on all visible and editable F-Curves using each curve’s current value.

  Only Selected Channels:

  Insert a keyframe on selected F-Curves using each curve’s current value.

  Only Active F-Curve:

  Insert a keyframe on the active F-Curve using the curve’s current value.

  Active Channels at Cursor:

  Insert a keyframe for the active F-Curve at the cursor point.

  Selected Channels at Cursor:

  Insert a keyframe for selected F-Curves at the cursor point.

Copy/Paste

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Copy, Key ‣ Paste

Shortcut:

Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V

Use Ctrl-C to copy selected keyframes and Ctrl-V to paste the previously copied keyframes. During the paste action, the Adjust Last Operation panel provides some options in how the paste is applied.

Frame Offset

• No Offset:

  Pastes the keyframes in the location they were copied from.

  Frame Relative:

  Pastes the keyframe relative to the current frame based on the locations of the keyframes relative to the current frame when they were copied.

  Frame Start:

  Pastes the keyframes with the first keyframe of the copied set placed at the current frame.

  Frame End:

  Pastes the keyframes with the last keyframe of the copied set placed at the current frame.

Value Offset

• No Offset:

  Pastes the keyframes with the value they were copied from.

  Cursor Value:

  Paste the keyframes at the 2D cursor as a starting point.

  Current Frame Value:

  Paste keyframes relative to the value of the curve under the cursor.

  Right Key:

  Paste keyframes such that the last frame matches the key value right of the cursor.

  Left Key:

  Paste keyframes such that the first key matches the key value left of the cursor.

Type

• Mix:

  Integrates the pasted keyframes in with existing keyframes only overwriting keyframes that share a frame.

  Overwrite All:

  Removes all previous keyframes and replaces them with the pasted keyframes.

  Overwrite Range:

  Overwrite keys in pasted range.

  Overwrite Entire Range:

  Overwrite keys in pasted range, using the range of all copied keys.

Flipped

Paste keyframes from mirrored bones if they exist.

Duplicate

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Duplicate

Shortcut:

Shift-D

Duplicates the selected keyframes. You can reposition them by moving the mouse.

Delete

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Delete

Shortcut:

X, Delete

Pressing X or Delete opens a pop-up menu from where you can delete the selected keyframes.

Handle Type

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Handle Type

Shortcut:

V

Sets the handle type of the selected keyframes.

Interpolation Mode

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Interpolation Mode

Shortcut:

T

Sets the interpolation mode between the selected keyframes.

Easing Type

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Easing Type

Shortcut:

Ctrl-E

Sets the easing mode of the selected keyframes.

Density

Decimate

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Decimate (Ratio)

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Decimate (Allowed Change)

The Decimate tool simplifies an F-Curve by removing keyframes that influence the curve shape the least.

Mode

Controls which method is used pick the number of keyframes to use.

• Ratio:

  Deletes a defined percentage of keyframes, the amount of keyframes to delete is define by the Remove property.

  Error Margin:

  Deletes keyframes which only allowing the F-Curve to change by a defined amount. The amount of change is controlled by the Max Error Margin which controls how much the new decimated curve is allowed to deviate from the original.

Bake Keyframes

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Bake Keyframes

Shortcut:

Shift-Alt-O

Baking a set of keyframes replaces interpolated values with a new keyframe for each frame.

Clean Keyframes

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Clean Keyframes

Shortcut:

X

Removes redundant keys within the selection of keyframes. Clean Keyframes resets the keyframe tangents on selected keyframes to their auto-clamped shape, if they have been modified.

Tip

The modified curve left after the Clean tool is run is not the same as the original, so this tool is better used before doing custom editing of F-Curves and after initial keyframe insertion, to get rid of any unwanted keyframes inserted while doing mass keyframe insertion (by selecting all bones and pressing I for instance).

Channels

Operate on selected channels and cleans them regardless of keyframe selection. Deletes the channel itself if it is only left with a single keyframe containing the default property value and it’s not being used by any generative F-Curve modifiers or drivers.

Blend

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend

Shortcut:

Alt-D

Breakdown

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Breakdown

Moves the selected keyframes to an in between position relative to the adjacent keyframes. To use this operator, drag the mouse left or right to adjust the operator’s Factor property.

Factor

The amount to favor either the left or the right key. Values less than 0.5 favor the left keyframe, values greater than 0.5 favor the right keyframe, a value of 0.5 results in no change.

Blend to Neighbor

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Neighbor

Transitions the current keyframe with the neighboring keyframes in the timeline. In order for this operator to work, there must be a keyframe before and after the current frame. To use this operator, drag the mouse left or right to adjust the operator’s Blend property.

Blend

The amount to favor either the left or the right key. Values less than 0.5 favor the left keyframe, values greater than 0.5 favor the right keyframe, a value of 0.5 results in no change.

Blend to Default Value

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Default Value

Transitions the current keyframe towards the property’s default value. To use this operator, drag the mouse left or right to adjust the operator’s Blend property.

Blend

The amount to favor either the current key or the default value. A value of 0 represents the current key, a value of 1 represents the default value.

See also

The Reset to Default operator resets any property to its default value without the need of keyframing.

Ease

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Ease

Aligns selected keyframes to follow an exponential path between the first and last keyframes. To use this operator, drag the mouse left or right to adjust the operator’s Blend property.

Blend

Changes the concavity of the curve. Values less than 0.5 cause keyframes to concave up, values greater than 0.5 cause keyframes to concave down, a value of 0.5 results in a straight line.

Blend Offset

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend Offset

Move the selected keyframes as a block so the first/last key align with the key before/after the selection. Does nothing when there is no key before/after the current selection.

Offset Factor

At -1 the first key of the selection is aligned with the key just before the selection. At 1 the last key is aligned with the key after the selection.

Blend to Ease

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Ease

Blend the selected keys from their current position to either an ease in or an ease out curve.

Blend

At -1 the keys will start slowly and then accelerate to the end. At 1 the keys will rise quickly and then taper off.

Match Slope

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Match Slope

Blend the selected keys to a straight line formed by the two keys just outside the current selection. The factor determines if the two keys left or right of the selection are used. If there are not two keys in the given direction the operator will throw a warning and not change the keys.

Factor

Determines which slope to blend towards. At -1 will blend to the left slope, at 1 to the right.

Shear Keys

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Shear Keys

Shear the keys based on the position of the keyframe selection ends. Pressing D while the modal operator is active will toggle the anchor key between the start and end of the selection.

Shear Factor

How much to shear and if it shears up or down. Negative values shear down, positive shear up.

Direction

From Left or From Right determine the anchor key from which to shear.

Scale Average

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Scale Average

Scale the selected key segments to their average value. This differs from the regular scaling by being per segment. That means selected keyframes on two different F-Curves will scale to different points.

Factor

The scale factor applied to the F-Curve segments.

Scale from Neighbor

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Scale from Neighbor

Scale the selected key segments from either their left or right neighbor key. Pressing D while in the modal operator switches the reference key from one end to the other.

Factor

The scale factor applied to the F-Curve segments.

Reference Key

From Left or From Right determine from which end of the segment to scale.

Push Pull

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Push Pull

Scale the keys from an imaginary line that runs from the start to the end of the selected segment.

Factor

How far to push or pull the keys.

Time Offset

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Time Offset

This operator shifts the value of the keys in time, while keeping the actual key positions in the same place. It supports wrapping, so when offsetting beyond the range of the F-Curve it will take values from the other end, but offset in y-value so there is no jump. This works best with dense key data. Gaps in the keyframe data might cause data to get lost if it is shifted into the gaps.

Frame Offset

How far in frames to offset the animation.

Smooth

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth

Shortcut:

Alt-S

Smooth (Legacy)

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Smooth (Legacy)

Shortcut:

Alt-O

There is also an option to smooth the selected curves, but beware: its algorithm seems to be to divide by two the distance between each keyframe and the average linear value of the curve, without any setting, which gives quite a strong smoothing! Note that the first and last keys seem to be never modified by this tool.

Smooth (Gaussian)

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Smooth (Gaussian)

Smooths the selected keyframes using a Gaussian kernel. It can handle gaps in the keyframe data. The operator is modal with a blend factor, making it possible to tweak the strength of the filter.

Factor

A blend factor from original to filtered curve.

Sigma

The shape of the gaussian distribution. Lower values mean a sharper curve, giving keys that are close to each other more weight. A high value behaves like a simple average filter.

Filter Width

A wider filter looks at more keyframes, producing a smoother result. At a size of 1 the filter only looks at the keyframes to the immediate left and right for a weighted average.

F-Curve after applying the Gaussian Smooth with the original curve overlayed.

Butterworth Smooth

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Butterworth Smooth

Smooth the selected keyframes using a Butterworth filter. This filter is ideal for smoothing large amounts of data because it preserves the peaks of the animation. The downside is that it can introduce a ripple effect when the key values change rapidly.

Frequency Cutoff

The lower the value the smoother the curve. There is an implicit maximum at which the value no longer changes the curve which is at half the sample rate. The sample rate in this case is the scene frame rate multiplied by the Samples per Frame of this operator.

Filter order

Higher values mean the frequency cutoff is steeper.

Samples per Frame

Before the filter is applied, the curve is resampled at this interval to avoid errors when there are uneven spaces between frames. If keys are on subframes, e.g. a 60fps file in a 30fps scene, increase this value to 2.

Blend

A 0-1 value to blend from original curve to filtered curve.

Blend In/Out

The number of frames at the start and end for which to blend between the filtered and unfiltered curve. This can help reducing jumps in the animation at the selection border. At value 1 it only locks the first and last frame of the selection to the original position.