练习：构建器类型

在此示例中，我们将实现一个拥有全部数据所有权的复杂数据类型。我们将使用 “构建器模式”来支持逐步构建新值，通过便捷函数来实现。

填补缺失的内容。

  1. #[derive(Debug)]
  2. enum Language {
  3.     Rust,
  4.     Java,
  5.     Perl,
  6. }
  8. #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
  9. struct Dependency {
  10.     name: String,
  11.     version_expression: String,
  12. }
  14. /// A representation of a software package.
  15. #[derive(Debug)]
  16. struct Package {
  17.     name: String,
  18.     version: String,
  19.     authors: Vec<String>,
  20.     dependencies: Vec<Dependency>,
  21.     language: Option<Language>,
  22. }
  24. impl Package {
  25.     /// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in
  26.     /// building other packages.
  27.     fn as_dependency(&self) -> Dependency {
  28.         todo!("1")
  29.     }
  30. }
  32. /// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.
  33. struct PackageBuilder(Package);
  35. impl PackageBuilder {
  36.     fn new(name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
  37.         todo!("2")
  38.     }
  40.     /// Set the package version.
  41.     fn version(mut self, version: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
  42.         self.0.version = version.into();
  43.         self
  44.     }
  46.     /// Set the package authors.
  47.     fn authors(mut self, authors: Vec<String>) -> Self {
  48.         todo!("3")
  49.     }
  51.     /// Add an additional dependency.
  52.     fn dependency(mut self, dependency: Dependency) -> Self {
  53.         todo!("4")
  54.     }
  56.     /// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.
  57.     fn language(mut self, language: Language) -> Self {
  58.         todo!("5")
  59.     }
  61.     fn build(self) -> Package {
  62.         self.0
  63.     }
  64. }
  66. fn main() {
  67.     let base64 = PackageBuilder::new("base64").version("0.13").build();
  68.     println!("base64: {base64:?}");
  69.     let log =
  70.         PackageBuilder::new("log").version("0.4").language(Language::Rust).build();
  71.     println!("log: {log:?}");
  72.     let serde = PackageBuilder::new("serde")
  73.         .authors(vec!["djmitche".into()])
  74.         .version(String::from("4.0"))
  75.         .dependency(base64.as_dependency())
  76.         .dependency(log.as_dependency())
  77.         .build();
  78.     println!("serde: {serde:?}");
  79. }