Editing

Transform

Reference

Mode:

Edit Mode

Menu:

Key ‣ Transform

An F-Curve can be edited by transforming the locations of its keyframes.

Move, Rotate, Scale

Like other elements in Blender, keyframes can be moved, rotated, and scaled as described in Basic Transformations.

Extend E

Lets you quickly move the selected keyframes that are on a certain side of the Playhead. This is handy if you need to, say, move all the keyframes after a certain time point to the right to make space for new ones.

To use this operator, first select some or all keyframes and place your mouse cursor to the left or right of the Playhead. Then, press E, move the mouse to move (only) the keyframes on that side of the Playhead, and press LMB to confirm (or RMB to cancel).

Tip

You can also change the Key Frame and Value properties in Sidebar ‣ F-Curve ‣ Active Keyframe if you want to specify exact numbers.

While transforming keyframes, you can hold Shift to move them more slowly for better precision, or Ctrl to move them in coarse increments.

Snap

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Snap

Shortcut:

Shift-S

Apart from using the snapping operators in this menu, you can also turn on snapping in the header.

Selection to Current Frame

Set the selected keyframes’ time to the current frame.

Selection to Cursor Value

Set the selected keyframes’ value to that of the 2D Cursor.

Selection to Nearest Frame

Round the time of each keyframe to the nearest frame.

Selection to Nearest Second

Round the time of each keyframe to the nearest second. You can use View ‣ Show Seconds to show seconds instead of frames at the top of the editor.

Selection to Nearest Marker

Set the time of each keyframe to that of the nearest marker.

Flatten Handles

Flatten the Bézier handles for the selected keyframes.

Flatten Handles snapping example.

Equalize Handles

Ensure selected keyframes’ handles have equal length.

• Side

  Which handles to affect (left, right, or both).

  Handle Length

  Length to make selected keyframes’ Bézier handles.

  Flatten

  Make the values of the handles the same as their respective keyframes.

Cursor to Selected Ctrl-G

Changes the time and value of the 2D Cursor to the average time and value of the selected keyframes.

Cursor Value to Selection

Changes the value of the 2D Cursor to the average value of the selected keyframes.

Mirror

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Mirror

Shortcut:

Ctrl-M

Mirrors the selected keyframes across a reference point.

By Times over Current Frame

Mirror horizontally across the current frame.

By Values over Cursor Value

Mirror vertically across the 2D Cursor’s value.

By Times over Zero Time

Mirror horizontally across frame 0.

By Values over Zero Value

Mirror vertically across value 0.

By Times over First Selected Marker

Mirror horizontally across the first selected marker.

Jump to Selected

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Jump to Selected

Shortcut:

Ctrl-G

Places the 2D Cursor at the average time and value of the selected keyframes.

Insert

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Insert

Shortcut:

I

Adds new keyframes and selects them. Previously selected keyframes stay selected too.

All Channels

Insert a keyframe on all visible and editable F-Curves using each curve’s current value.

Only Selected Channels

Insert a keyframe on the selected F-Curves using each curve’s current value.

Only Active F-Curve

Insert a keyframe on the active F-Curve using the curve’s current value.

Active Channels at Cursor

Insert a keyframe on the active F-Curve at the 2D Cursor’s value.

Selected Channels at Cursor

Insert a keyframe on the selected F-Curves at the 2D Cursor’s value.

Copy/Paste

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Copy, Key ‣ Paste

Shortcut:

Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V

Use Ctrl-C to copy the selected keyframes and Ctrl-V to paste them. After pasting, the Adjust Last Operation panel provides some extra options:

Frame Offset

Offsets the pasted keyframes horizontally so that…

• Frame Start

  …the first one lands on the current frame.

  Frame End

  …the last one lands on the current frame.

  Frame Relative

  …they land at the same distance from the current frame as when they were copied.

  No Offset

  …they stay at their original frames.

Value Offset

Offsets the pasted keyframes vertically so that…

• Left Key

  …the first one has the value of the existing keyframe to the left of the Playhead.

  Right Key

  …the last one has the value of the existing keyframe to the right of the Playhead.

  Current Frame Value

  …the first one has the value of the curve at the current frame.

  Cursor Value

  …the first one has the value of the 2D Cursor.

  No Offset

  …they keep their original values.

Type

• Mix

  Integrates the pasted keyframes with existing ones, only overwriting those that share a frame.

  Overwrite All

  Removes all previous keyframes in the target F-Curves.

  Overwrite Range

  Within each F-Curve, remove the existing keyframes that are in the range of the keyframes pasted into it.

  Overwrite Entire Range

  Within each F-Curve, remove the existing keyframes that are in the range of all pasted keyframes combined.

Flipped

If you copied keyframes from one or more pairs of symmetrically opposite bones, enabling this option will paste the keyframes of the left bones into the curves of the right ones and vice versa. In addition, the values are inverted, effectively mirroring the animation.

Duplicate

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Duplicate

Shortcut:

Shift-D

Duplicates the selected keyframes. You can reposition them by moving the mouse.

Delete

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Delete

Shortcut:

X, Delete

Pressing X or Delete opens a pop-up menu from where you can delete the selected keyframes.

Handle Type

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Handle Type

Shortcut:

V

Sets the handle type of the selected keyframes.

Interpolation Mode

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Interpolation Mode

Shortcut:

T

Sets the interpolation mode of the selected keyframes. This determines the curve interpolation between each keyframe and the next.

Easing Type

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Easing Type

Shortcut:

Ctrl-E

Sets the easing mode of the selected keyframes. This determines whether easing is applied to the left side, right side, or both sides of the curve segments between each keyframe and the next.

Density

Decimate

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Decimate (Ratio)

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Decimate (Allowed Change)

Simplifies an F-Curve by removing the keyframes that influence its shape the least.

Mode

How to pick the number of keyframes to delete.

• Ratio

  Deletes a certain percentage of keyframes.

  • Remove

    The percentage of keyframes to remove.

  Error Margin

  Deletes as many keyframes as possible while ensuring the F-Curve’s shape changes no more than a certain amount.

  • Max Error Margin

    How much the decimated curve may deviate from the original.

Bake Keyframes

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Bake Keyframes

Shortcut:

Shift-Alt-O

Creates a keyframe at every frame.

See also

Bake Channels, which offers options on what range to bake and how.

Clean Keyframes

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Density ‣ Clean Keyframes

Shortcut:

X

Finds redundant keyframes among the selected ones and deletes them. A keyframe is seen as redundant if it has the same value as its neighbors – even if the curve segments around it aren’t flat.

Tip

This operator is likely to change the shape of the affected curves, so it’s best run after e.g. bulk keyframe insertion on all the bones of an armature (which creates useless keyframes on bones that haven’t moved) and before tweaking the curves by hand.

Threshold

Value threshold. By increasing this, you can also delete keyframes that almost have the same value as their neighbors.

Channels

Cleans all the keyframes (even unselected ones) in the selected F-Curves. If a curve is left with only one keyframe, it’s deleted entirely.

Blend

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend

Shortcut:

Alt-D

Adjusts the values of the selected keyframes by a certain percentage. Select a blending operator, move the mouse left or right to adjust the factor, and click LMB to confirm (or RMB to cancel).

Several blending operators work based on “neighboring keyframes.” This means that they divide the selected keyframes into contiguous groups, then reference the unselected keyframes immediately before and after each group.

Breakdown

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Breakdown

Sets the value of the selected keyframes to an interpolation of their neighbors.

Factor

At -1, the keyframes are set to the value of the left neighbor.

At 1, they’re set to the value of the right neighbor.

For other factors, they’re set to an interpolation between the two neighbor values, with 0 being right in the middle.

Blend to Neighbor

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Neighbor

Moves each selected keyframe towards the value of the left or right neighbor by a certain percentage.

Blend

When negative, each keyframe moves Blend percent to the value of the left neighbor.

When positive, they move to the right neighbor.

When zero, they keep their original values.

Blend to Default Value

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Default Value

Moves the selected keyframes towards the property’s default value by a certain percentage.

Factor

How much to change the keyframes’ values, going from 0 (no change) to 1 (reset to the default value).

See also

The Reset to Default operator resets any property to its default value without the need of keyframing.

Ease

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Ease

Makes the selected keyframes follow an S-curve. While the slider is visible (so after activating the operator but before confirming with LMB), you can press Tab to toggle which of the following settings to edit:

Curve Bend

A negative value gives more weight to the left side, while a positive value gives more weight to the right. A value of 0 results in a balanced curve.

Sharpness

A low value results in an almost straight diagonal line, while a high value results in a steep rise/drop in the curve.

Blend Offset

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend Offset

Moves the selected keyframes up or down – all by the same amount – until the first/last one matches the left/right neighbor.

Offset Factor

At -1, the first selected key gets aligned to its left neighbor.

At 1, the last selected key gets aligned to its right neighbor.

At 0, nothing changes.

Blend to Ease

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Blend to Ease

Blends the selected keys to either an “ease in” or an “ease out” curve.

Blend

At -1, the keys will follow an “ease in” curve, with small value changes in the beginning and large changes towards the end.

At 1, the keys will follow an “ease out” curve, with large value changes in the beginning and small changes towards the end.

At 0, nothing changes.

Match Slope

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Match Slope

Blends the selected keys towards a straight line going through two keys just outside the current selection.

Factor

Negative values use the two keys to the left of the selection.

Positive values use the keys to the right.

At zero, nothing changes.

Push Pull

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Push Pull

Moves the selected keys towards, or away from, the straight line going through the first and last selected key.

Factor

At 0, the keys will lie on the straight line.

At 1, they keep their original values.

At 2, each key’s value will be twice as far from the straight line as before.

Shear Keys

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Shear Keys

Shears the selected keyframes – that is, changes their value by an amount that increases as they get further away in time from a reference keyframe. By default, this reference keyframe is the leftmost selected one, but you can instead use the rightmost one by pressing D.

Shear Factor

How much to shear. Negative values move keyframes downwards, while positive ones move them up.

Direction

Whether to use the leftmost or the rightmost selected keyframe as a reference.

Scale Average

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Scale Average

Scales the selected keyframes vertically, using their average value as the pivot.

Factor

At 0, the keyframes will all have the average value.

At 1, they keep their original values.

At 2, each keyframe’s value will be twice as far from the average as before.

Scale from Neighbor

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Scale from Neighbor

Scales the selected keyframes vertically, using a keyframe just outside the selection as the pivot. By default, this is the neighbor to the left of the selection, but you can instead use the right one by pressing D.

Factor

The scale factor to apply.

Reference Key

Whether to use the left or right neighbor as the pivot.

Time Offset

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Blend ‣ Time Offset

Shifts the values of the selected keyframes so that the resulting F-Curve appears to move in time. Works best with dense keyframes.

As the curve leaves the selected keyframes’ time range on one end, it wraps back in on the other, offset vertically so that the ends connect and there is no jump.

Frame Offset

By how many frames to shift the F-Curve. The slider is limited to the range -10 … 10, but you can type larger numbers too.

Smooth

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth

Shortcut:

Alt-S

Smooth (Gaussian)

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Smooth (Gaussian)

Smooths the selected keyframes using a Gaussian kernel. Click the menu item, move the mouse left or right to adjust the strength, and click LMB to confirm (or RMB to cancel).

Factor

How strongly the smoothing should be applied.

Sigma

The shape of the gaussian distribution. Lower values mean a sharper curve, giving keys that are close to each other more weight. A high value behaves like a simple average filter.

Filter Width

A wider filter looks at more keyframes, producing a smoother result. At a width of 1, the filter only looks at the keyframes to the immediate left and right for a weighted average.

Smooth (Legacy)

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Smooth (Legacy)

Shortcut:

Alt-O

There is also an option to smooth the selected curves, but beware: its algorithm seems to be to halve the distance between each keyframe and the average linear value of the curve, which gives quite a strong smoothing! Note that the first and last keys seem to be never modified by this tool.

Butterworth Smooth

Reference

Menu:

Key ‣ Smooth ‣ Butterworth Smooth

Smooth the selected keyframes using a Butterworth filter. Click the menu item, move the mouse left or right to adjust the frequency, and click LMB to confirm (or RMB to cancel).

This filter is ideal for smoothing large amounts of data because it preserves the peaks of the animation. The downside is that it can introduce a ripple effect when the key values change rapidly.

Frequency Cutoff

The lower the value, the smoother the curve. There is an implicit maximum at which the value no longer changes the curve, which is at half the sample rate. The sample rate in this case is the scene frame rate multiplied by the Samples per Frame of this operator.

Filter order

Higher values mean the frequency cutoff is steeper.

Samples per Frame

Before the filter is applied, the curve is resampled at this interval to avoid errors when there are uneven spaces between frames. If keys are on subframes, e.g. a 60fps file in a 30fps scene, increase this value to 2.

Blend

A value between 0 and 1 for blending between the original curve and the smoothed one.

Blend In/Out

The number of frames at the start and end for which to blend between the original and smoothed curve. This can help reduce jumps in the animation at the selection border. At value 1, it only locks the first and last frames of the selection to their original values.