Restoring Volumes for Kubernetes StatefulSets

Longhorn supports restoring backups, and one of the use cases for this feature is to restore data for use in a Kubernetes StatefulSet, which requires restoring a volume for each replica that was backed up.

To restore, follow the below instructions. The example below uses a StatefulSet with one volume attached to each Pod and two replicas.

1. Connect to the Longhorn UI page in your web browser. Under the Backup tab, select the name of the StatefulSet volume. Click the dropdown menu of the volume entry and restore it. Name the volume something that can easily be referenced later for the Persistent Volumes.

   • Repeat this step for each volume you need restored.
   • For example, if restoring a StatefulSet with two replicas that had volumes named pvc-01a and pvc-02b, the restore could look like this:

   Backup Name	Restored Volume
   pvc-01a	statefulset-vol-0
   pvc-02b	statefulset-vol-1

2. In Kubernetes, create a Persistent Volume for each Longhorn volume that was created. Name the volumes something that can easily be referenced later for the Persistent Volume Claims. storage capacity, numberOfReplicas, storageClassName, and volumeHandle must be replaced below. In the example, we’re referencing statefulset-vol-0 and statefulset-vol-1 in Longhorn and using longhorn as our storageClassName.

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolume
   metadata:
     name: statefulset-vol-0
   spec:
     capacity:
       storage: <size> # must match size of Longhorn volume
     volumeMode: Filesystem
     accessModes:
       - ReadWriteOnce
     persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
     csi:
       driver: driver.longhorn.io # driver must match this
       fsType: ext4
       volumeAttributes:
         numberOfReplicas: <replicas> # must match Longhorn volume value
         staleReplicaTimeout: '30' # in minutes
       volumeHandle: statefulset-vol-0 # must match volume name from Longhorn
     storageClassName: longhorn # must be same name that we will use later
   ---
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolume
   metadata:
     name: statefulset-vol-1
   spec:
     capacity:
       storage: <size>  # must match size of Longhorn volume
     volumeMode: Filesystem
     accessModes:
       - ReadWriteOnce
     persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
     csi:
       driver: driver.longhorn.io # driver must match this
       fsType: ext4
       volumeAttributes:
         numberOfReplicas: <replicas> # must match Longhorn volume value
         staleReplicaTimeout: '30'
       volumeHandle: statefulset-vol-1 # must match volume name from Longhorn
     storageClassName: longhorn # must be same name that we will use later

2.1 In the case of encrypted volume, make sure you are specifying the nodePublishSecretRef, and nodeStageSecretRef while creating the PV.

kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: statefulset-encrypted-vol-0
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: <size>
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
  csi:
    driver: driver.longhorn.io
    fsType: ext4
    nodePublishSecretRef:
      name: <secret-name>
      namespace: <namespace>
    nodeStageSecretRef:
      name: <secret-name>
      namespace: <namespace>
    volumeAttributes:
      numberOfReplicas: <replicas>
      staleReplicaTimeout: "30"
    volumeHandle: statefulset-encrypted-vol-0
  storageClassName: longhorn

1. In the namespace the StatefulSet will be deployed in, create PersistentVolume Claims for each Persistent Volume. The name of the Persistent Volume Claim must follow this naming scheme:

   <name of Volume Claim Template>-<name of StatefulSet>-<index>

   StatefulSet Pods are zero-indexed. In this example, the name of the Volume Claim Template is data, the name of the StatefulSet is webapp, and there are two replicas, which are indexes 0 and 1.

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
   metadata:
     name: data-webapp-0
   spec:
     accessModes:
     - ReadWriteOnce
     resources:
       requests:
         storage: 2Gi # must match size from earlier
     storageClassName: longhorn # must match name from earlier
     volumeName: statefulset-vol-0 # must reference Persistent Volume
   ---
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
   metadata:
     name: data-webapp-1
   spec:
     accessModes:
     - ReadWriteOnce
     resources:
       requests:
         storage: 2Gi # must match size from earlier
     storageClassName: longhorn # must match name from earlier
     volumeName: statefulset-vol-1 # must reference Persistent Volume

2. Create the StatefulSet:

   apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
   kind: StatefulSet
   metadata:
     name: webapp # match this with the PersistentVolumeClaim naming scheme
   spec:
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         app: nginx # has to match .spec.template.metadata.labels
     serviceName: "nginx"
     replicas: 2 # by default is 1
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           app: nginx # has to match .spec.selector.matchLabels
       spec:
         terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
         containers:
         - name: nginx
           image: registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.8
           ports:
           - containerPort: 80
             name: web
           volumeMounts:
           - name: data
             mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
     volumeClaimTemplates:
     - metadata:
         name: data # match this with the PersistentVolumeClaim naming scheme
       spec:
         accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
         storageClassName: longhorn # must match name from earlier
         resources:
           requests:
             storage: 2Gi # must match size from earlier

Result: The restored data should now be accessible from inside the StatefulSet Pods.