Data Validation - Data Validation - Rules - 《GoFrame v2.8 Documentation》

Modifier Rules
Functional Rules

The GoFrame framework’s validation component comes with dozens of common validation rules. The validation component is one of the most frequently used core components by developers.

info

When the validation rules involve scenarios of joint validation, the parameter name associated in the rules will be automatically intelligently matched in a case-insensitive manner and ignoring special characters. In the following example codes, we use the common struct validation method, where the v tag in the struct property stands for validation abbreviation, used to set the validation specifications for that property.

Modifier Rules

Modifier rules have no validation logic themselves but modify the implementation logic of subsequent functional rules.

`ci`

Format: ci
Description: By default, field value comparisons are case-sensitive strict match comparisons. Using the ci(Case Insensitive) modifier rule, you can set the subsequent rule fields requiring comparison to be case-insensitive. Such as: same, different, in, not-in, etc.

Example:

func Example_Rule_CaseInsensitive() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Account   string `v:"required"`
        Password  string `v:"required|ci|same:Password2"`
        Password2 string `v:"required"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Account:   "gf",
            Password:  "Goframe.org", // Diff from Password2, but because of "ci", rule check passed
            Password2: "goframe.org",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // output:
}

`bail`

Special attention is needed: If there are multiple validation rules for parameter validation, and there is a required* rule used together with the bail modifier rule, it is recommended to place the required* validation rule before all other rules. Otherwise, the feature of the bail validation rule (stopping subsequent validations upon failure) may cause the subsequent required* rules not to take effect.

Format: bail
Description: As soon as one of the multiple subsequent validations fails, it stops validation and immediately returns the validation result.
Note: In the framework’s HTTP Server component, if using the standard route registration method, the automatic validation feature will automatically enable the bail modifier rule, and developers do not need to explicitly set bail in the Req object.

Example:

func Example_Rule_Bail() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Account   string `v:"bail|required|length:6,16|same:QQ"`
        QQ        string
        Password  string `v:"required|same:Password2"`
        Password2 string `v:"required"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Account:   "gf",
            QQ:        "123456",
            Password:  "goframe.org",
            Password2: "goframe.org",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // output:
    // The Account value `gf` length must be between 6 and 16
}

`foreach`

Format: foreach
Description: Used for array parameters, it iterates the parameter as an array and applies the subsequent validation rule to each item in the array.
Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

Example:

func Example_Rule_Foreach() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 []int `v:"foreach|in:1,2,3"`
        Value2 []int `v:"foreach|in:1,2,3"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: []int{1, 2, 3},
            Value2: []int{3, 4, 5},
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Bail().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value2 value `4` is not in acceptable range: 1,2,3
}

Functional Rules

Functional rules implement specific validation logic, with the framework providing a very rich set of built-in validation rules.

`required`

Format: required
Description: Required parameter, supporting not only common strings but also Slice/Map types.

Example: The name field Name is a required parameter and must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_Required() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID   uint   `v:"required"`
        Name string `v:"required"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Name field is required
}

`required-if`

Format: required-if:field,value,...
Description: Required parameter (when any of the given field values equals the given value, i.e.: when the field‘s value is value, the current validation field is a required parameter). Multiple fields are separated by ,.

Example: When the Gender field is 1, the WifeName field must not be empty, and when the Gender field is 2, the HusbandName field must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredIf() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string `v:"required-if:gender,1"`
        HusbandName string `v:"required-if:gender,2"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:     1,
            Name:   "test",
            Gender: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The WifeName field is required
}

`required-if-all`

Format: required-if-all:field1,value1,field2,value2,...
Description: Required parameter (when all given field values equal the given values, i.e.: when the field1‘s value is value1, and the field2‘s value is value2, and so on, the current validation field is a required parameter). Multiple fields are separated by ,.

Example: When the ID field is 1, and the Age field is 18, the MoreInfo field must not be empty.

func ExampleRule_RequiredIfAll() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID       uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name     string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Age      int    `v:"required" dc:"Your age"`
        MoreInfo string `v:"required-if-all:id,1,age,18" dc:"Your more info"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:   1,
            Name: "test",
            Age:  18,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The MoreInfo field is required
}

`required-unless`

Format: required-unless:field,value,...
Description: Required parameter (when the given field values are all not equal to the given values, i.e.: when the field‘s value is not value, the current validation field is a required parameter). Multiple fields are separated by ,.

Example: When Gender is not equal to 0 and Gender is not equal to 2, the WifeName must not be empty; when Id is not equal to 0 and Gender is not equal to 2, the HusbandName must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredUnless() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string `v:"required-unless:gender,0,gender,2"`
        HusbandName string `v:"required-unless:id,0,gender,2"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:     1,
            Name:   "test",
            Gender: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The WifeName field is required; The HusbandName field is required
}

`required-with`

Format: required-with:field1,field2,...
Description: Required parameter (when any of the given field values is not empty).

Example: When WifeName is not empty, HusbandName must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredWith() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string
        HusbandName string `v:"required-with:WifeName"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:       1,
            Name:     "test",
            Gender:   1,
            WifeName: "Ann",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The HusbandName field is required
}

`required-with-all`

Format: required-with-all:field1,field2,...
Description: Required parameter (when all of the given field values are not empty).

Example: When Id, Name, Gender, WifeName are all not empty, HusbandName must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredWithAll() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string
        HusbandName string `v:"required-with-all:Id,Name,Gender,WifeName"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:       1,
            Name:     "test",
            Gender:   1,
            WifeName: "Ann",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The HusbandName field is required
}

`required-without`

Format: required-without:field1,field2,...
Description: Required parameter (when any of the given field values is empty).

Example: When Id or WifeName is empty, HusbandName must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredWithout() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string
        HusbandName string `v:"required-without:Id,WifeName"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:     1,
            Name:   "test",
            Gender: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The HusbandName field is required
}

`required-without-all`

Format: required-without-all:field1,field2,...
Description: Required parameter (when all of the given field values are empty).

Example: When Id and WifeName are both empty, HusbandName must not be empty.

func Example_Rule_RequiredWithoutAll() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID          uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your ID"`
        Name        string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender      uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
        WifeName    string
        HusbandName string `v:"required-without-all:Id,WifeName"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Name:   "test",
            Gender: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The HusbandName field is required
}

`date`

Format: date
Description: Parameter is in common date format, supporting separators - or / or ., and also supports 8-digit date without separators, formats like: 2006-01-02, 2006/01/02, 2006.01.02, 20060102

Example:

func Example_Rule_Date() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Date1 string `v:"date"`
        Date2 string `v:"date"`
        Date3 string `v:"date"`
        Date4 string `v:"date"`
        Date5 string `v:"date"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Date1: "2021-10-31",
            Date2: "2021.10.31",
            Date3: "2021-Oct-31",
            Date4: "2021 Octa 31",
            Date5: "2021/Oct/31",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Date3 value `2021-Oct-31` is not a valid date
    // The Date4 value `2021 Octa 31` is not a valid date
    // The Date5 value `2021/Oct/31` is not a valid date
}

`datetime`

Format: datetime
Description: Parameter is in common date-time format; only - is supported as a separator between dates, formats like: 2006-01-02 12:00:00

Example:

func Example_Rule_Datetime() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Date1 string `v:"datetime"`
        Date2 string `v:"datetime"`
        Date3 string `v:"datetime"`
        Date4 string `v:"datetime"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Date1: "2021-11-01 23:00:00",
            Date2: "2021-11-01 23:00",     // error
            Date3: "2021/11/01 23:00:00",  // error
            Date4: "2021/Dec/01 23:00:00", // error
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Date2 value `2021-11-01 23:00` is not a valid datetime
    // The Date3 value `2021/11/01 23:00:00` is not a valid datetime
    // The Date4 value `2021/Dec/01 23:00:00` is not a valid datetime
}

`date-format`

Format: date-format:format
Description: Checks whether the date is in the specified date/time format, with the format parameter in gtime date format (can include date and time), format description refer to section: Time

Example: date-format:Y-m-d H:i:s

func Example_Rule_DateFormat() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Date1 string `v:"date-format:Y-m-d"`
        Date2 string `v:"date-format:Y-m-d"`
        Date3 string `v:"date-format:Y-m-d H:i:s"`
        Date4 string `v:"date-format:Y-m-d H:i:s"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Date1: "2021-11-01",
            Date2: "2021-11-01 23:00", // error
            Date3: "2021-11-01 23:00:00",
            Date4: "2021-11-01 23:00", // error
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Date2 value `2021-11-01 23:00` does not match the format: Y-m-d
    // The Date4 value `2021-11-01 23:00` does not match the format: Y-m-d H:i:s
}

`before`

Format: before:field
Description: Checks whether the given date/time is before the date/time of the specified field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_Before() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Time1 string `v:"before:Time3"`
        Time2 string `v:"before:Time3"`
        Time3 string
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Time1: "2022-09-02",
            Time2: "2022-09-03",
            Time3: "2022-09-03",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Time2 value `2022-09-03` must be before field Time3 value `2022-09-03`
}

`before-equal`

Format: before-equal:field
Description: Checks whether the given date/time is before or equal to the date/time of the specified field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_BeforeEqual() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Time1 string `v:"before-equal:Time3"`
        Time2 string `v:"before-equal:Time3"`
        Time3 string
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Time1: "2022-09-02",
            Time2: "2022-09-01",
            Time3: "2022-09-01",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Time1 value `2022-09-02` must be before or equal to field Time3
}

`after`

Format: after:field
Description: Checks whether the given date/time is after the date/time of the specified field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_After() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Time1 string
        Time2 string `v:"after:Time1"`
        Time3 string `v:"after:Time1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Time1: "2022-09-01",
            Time2: "2022-09-01",
            Time3: "2022-09-02",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Time2 value `2022-09-01` must be after field Time1 value `2022-09-01`
}

`after-equal`

Format: after-equal:field
Description: Checks whether the given date/time is after or equal to the date/time of the specified field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_AfterEqual() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Time1 string
        Time2 string `v:"after-equal:Time1"`
        Time3 string `v:"after-equal:Time1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Time1: "2022-09-02",
            Time2: "2022-09-01",
            Time3: "2022-09-02",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Time2 value `2022-09-01` must be after or equal to field Time1 value `2022-09-02`
}

`array`

Format: array
Description: Checks whether the given parameter is in array format. If the given parameter is a JSON array string, validation will also pass.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_Array() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 string   `v:"array"`
        Value2 string   `v:"array"`
        Value3 string   `v:"array"`
        Value4 []string `v:"array"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: "1,2,3",
            Value2: "[]",
            Value3: "[1,2,3]",
            Value4: []string{},
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value1 value `1,2,3` is not of valid array type
}

`enums`

Format: enums

Description: Validates whether the submitted parameter is within the enum values of the field type. This rule needs to be used in conjunction with the gf gen enums command, for more details refer to: Enums Maintenance

func ExampleRule_Enums() {
    type Status string
    const (
        StatusRunning Status = "Running"
        StatusOffline Status = "Offline"
    )
    type BizReq struct {
        Id     int    `v:"required"`
        Name   string `v:"required"`
        Status Status `v:"enums"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Id:     1,
            Name:   "john",
            Status: Status("Pending"),
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // May Output:
    // The Status value `Pending` should be in enums of: ["Running","Offline"]
}

`email`

Format: email

Description: EMAIL address format.

func Example_Rule_Email() {
    type BizReq struct {
        MailAddr1 string `v:"email"`
        MailAddr2 string `v:"email"`
        MailAddr3 string `v:"email"`
        MailAddr4 string `v:"email"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            MailAddr1: "gf@goframe.org",
            MailAddr2: "gf@goframe", // error
            MailAddr3: "gf@goframe.org.cn",
            MailAddr4: "gf#goframe.org", // error
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The MailAddr2 value `gf@goframe` is not a valid email address
    // The MailAddr4 value `gf#goframe.org` is not a valid email address
}

`phone`

Format: phone

Description: Mobile phone number format for China.

func Example_Rule_Phone() {
    type BizReq struct {
        PhoneNumber1 string `v:"phone"`
        PhoneNumber2 string `v:"phone"`
        PhoneNumber3 string `v:"phone"`
        PhoneNumber4 string `v:"phone"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            PhoneNumber1: "13578912345",
            PhoneNumber2: "11578912345", // error 11x not exist
            PhoneNumber3: "11178912345", // error 171 not exit
            PhoneNumber4: "1357891234",  // error len must be 11
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The PhoneNumber2 value `11578912345` is not a valid phone number
    // The PhoneNumber3 value `11178912345` is not a valid phone number
    // The PhoneNumber4 value `1357891234` is not a valid phone number
}

`phone-loose`

Format: phone

Description: Loose phone number verification, as long as it starts with 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and is an 11-digit number, verification will pass. This can be used in less strict business scenarios.

func Example_Rule_PhoneLoose() {
    type BizReq struct {
        PhoneNumber1 string `v:"phone-loose"`
        PhoneNumber2 string `v:"phone-loose"`
        PhoneNumber3 string `v:"phone-loose"`
        PhoneNumber4 string `v:"phone-loose"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            PhoneNumber1: "13578912345",
            PhoneNumber2: "11578912345", // error 11x not exist
            PhoneNumber3: "17178912345",
            PhoneNumber4: "1357891234", // error len must be 11
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The PhoneNumber2 value `11578912345` is invalid
    // The PhoneNumber4 value `1357891234` is invalid
}

`telephone`

Format: telephone

Description: Landline number in China, formats like “XXXX-XXXXXXX”, “XXXX-XXXXXXXX”, “XXX-XXXXXXX”, “XXX-XXXXXXXX”, “XXXXXXX”, “XXXXXXXX”.

func Example_Rule_Telephone() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Telephone1 string `v:"telephone"`
        Telephone2 string `v:"telephone"`
        Telephone3 string `v:"telephone"`
        Telephone4 string `v:"telephone"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Telephone1: "010-77542145",
            Telephone2: "0571-77542145",
            Telephone3: "20-77542145", // error
            Telephone4: "775421451",   // error len must be 7 or 8
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Telephone3 value `20-77542145` is not a valid telephone number
    // The Telephone4 value `775421451` is not a valid telephone number
}

`passport`

Format: passport

Description: General account rule (starts with a letter, can only contain letters, numbers, and underscores, with a length between 6~18).

func Example_Rule_Passport() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Passport1 string `v:"passport"`
        Passport2 string `v:"passport"`
        Passport3 string `v:"passport"`
        Passport4 string `v:"passport"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Passport1: "goframe",
            Passport2: "1356666",  // error starting with letter
            Passport3: "goframe#", // error containing only numbers or underscores
            Passport4: "gf",       // error length between 6 and 18
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Passport2 value `1356666` is not a valid passport format
    // The Passport3 value `goframe#` is not a valid passport format
    // The Passport4 value `gf` is not a valid passport format
}

`password`

Format: password

Description: General password rule (any visible character, length between 6~18).

func Example_Rule_Password() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Password1 string `v:"password"`
        Password2 string `v:"password"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Password1: "goframe",
            Password2: "gofra", // error length between 6 and 18
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Password2 value `gofra` is not a valid password format
}

`password2`

Format: password2

Description: Medium strength password (on the basis of general password rule, it must contain uppercase and lowercase letters and numbers).

func Example_Rule_Password2() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Password1 string `v:"password2"`
        Password2 string `v:"password2"`
        Password3 string `v:"password2"`
        Password4 string `v:"password2"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Password1: "Goframe123",
            Password2: "gofra",      // error length between 6 and 18
            Password3: "Goframe",    // error must contain lower and upper letters and numbers.
            Password4: "goframe123", // error must contain lower and upper letters and numbers.
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Password2 value `gofra` is not a valid password format
    // The Password3 value `Goframe` is not a valid password format
    // The Password4 value `goframe123` is not a valid password format
}

`password3`

Format: password3

Description: Strong strength password (on the basis of general password rule, it must contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters).

func Example_Rule_Password3() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Password1 string `v:"password3"`
        Password2 string `v:"password3"`
        Password3 string `v:"password3"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Password1: "Goframe123#",
            Password2: "gofra",      // error length between 6 and 18
            Password3: "Goframe123", // error must contain lower and upper letters, numbers and special chars.
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Password2 value `gofra` is not a valid password format
    // The Password3 value `Goframe123` is not a valid password format
}

`postcode`

Format: postcode

Description: Postal code rule for China.

func Example_Rule_Postcode() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Postcode1 string `v:"postcode"`
        Postcode2 string `v:"postcode"`
        Postcode3 string `v:"postcode"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Postcode1: "100000",
            Postcode2: "10000",   // error length must be 6
            Postcode3: "1000000", // error length must be 6
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Postcode2 value `10000` is not a valid postcode format
    // The Postcode3 value `1000000` is not a valid postcode format
}

`resident-id`

Format: resident-id

Description: Resident ID card number.

func Example_Rule_ResidentId() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ResidentID1 string `v:"resident-id"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ResidentID1: "320107199506285482",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The ResidentID1 value `320107199506285482` is not a valid resident id number
}

`bank-card`

Format: bank-card

Description: Bank card number validation for China.

func Example_Rule_BankCard() {
    type BizReq struct {
        BankCard1 string `v:"bank-card"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            BankCard1: "6225760079930218",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The BankCard1 value `6225760079930218` is not a valid bank card number
}

`qq`

Format: qq

Description: Tencent QQ number rule.

func Example_Rule_QQ() {
    type BizReq struct {
        QQ1 string `v:"qq"`
        QQ2 string `v:"qq"`
        QQ3 string `v:"qq"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            QQ1: "389961817",
            QQ2: "9999",       // error >= 10000
            QQ3: "514258412a", // error all number
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The QQ2 value `9999` is not a valid QQ number
    // The QQ3 value `514258412a` is not a valid QQ number
}

`ip`

Format: ip

Description: IPv4/IPv6 address.

func Example_Rule_IP() {
    type BizReq struct {
        IP1 string `v:"ip"`
        IP2 string `v:"ip"`
        IP3 string `v:"ip"`
        IP4 string `v:"ip"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            IP1: "127.0.0.1",
            IP2: "fe80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1",
            IP3: "520.255.255.255", // error >= 10000
            IP4: "ze80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The IP3 value `520.255.255.255` is not a valid IP address
    // The IP4 value `ze80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1` is not a valid IP address
}

`ipv4`

Format: ipv4

Description: IPv4 address.

func Example_Rule_IPV4() {
    type BizReq struct {
        IP1 string `v:"ipv4"`
        IP2 string `v:"ipv4"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            IP1: "127.0.0.1",
            IP2: "520.255.255.255",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The IP2 value `520.255.255.255` is not a valid IPv4 address
}

`ipv6`

Format: ipv6

Description: IPv6 address.

func Example_Rule_IPV6() {
    type BizReq struct {
        IP1 string `v:"ipv6"`
        IP2 string `v:"ipv6"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            IP1: "fe80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1",
            IP2: "ze80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The IP2 value `ze80::812b:1158:1f43:f0d1` is not a valid IPv6 address
}

`mac`

Format: mac

Description: MAC address.

func Example_Rule_Mac() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Mac1 string `v:"mac"`
        Mac2 string `v:"mac"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Mac1: "4C-CC-6A-D6-B1-1A",
            Mac2: "Z0-CC-6A-D6-B1-1A",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Mac2 value `Z0-CC-6A-D6-B1-1A` is not a valid MAC address
}

`url`

Format: url
Description: URL

Example: Supports addresses starting with http, https, ftp, file.

func Example_Rule_Url() {
    type BizReq struct {
        URL1 string `v:"url"`
        URL2 string `v:"url"`
        URL3 string `v:"url"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            URL1: "http://goframe.org",
            URL2: "ftp://goframe.org",
            URL3: "ws://goframe.org",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The URL3 value `ws://goframe.org` is not a valid URL address
}

`domain`

Format: domain
Description: Domain

Example: Domain rule. xxx.yyy (must start with a letter).

func Example_Rule_Domain() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Domain1 string `v:"domain"`
        Domain2 string `v:"domain"`
        Domain3 string `v:"domain"`
        Domain4 string `v:"domain"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Domain1: "goframe.org",
            Domain2: "a.b",
            Domain3: "goframe#org",
            Domain4: "1a.2b",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Domain3 value `goframe#org` is not a valid domain format
    // The Domain4 value `1a.2b` is not a valid domain format
}

`size`

Format: size:size

Description: The parameter length is size (length parameter is integer), note that Unicode is used for length calculation at the underlying layer, thus a Chinese character takes up 1 length unit.

func Example_Rule_Size() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Size1 string `v:"size:10"`
        Size2 string `v:"size:5"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Size1: "goframe欢迎你",
            Size2: "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Size2 value `goframe` length must be 5
}

`length`

Format: length:min,max

Description: The parameter length is between min and max (length parameter is integer), note that Unicode is used for length calculation at the underlying layer, thus a Chinese character takes up 1 length unit.

func Example_Rule_Length() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Length1 string `v:"length:5,10"`
        Length2 string `v:"length:10,15"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Length1: "goframe欢迎你",
            Length2: "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Length2 value `goframe` length must be between 10 and 15
}

`min-length`

Format: min-length:min

Description: The parameter length minimum is min (length parameter is integer), note that Unicode is used for length calculation at the underlying layer, thus a Chinese character takes up 1 length unit.

func Example_Rule_MinLength() {
    type BizReq struct {
        MinLength1 string `v:"min-length:10"`
        MinLength2 string `v:"min-length:8"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            MinLength1: "goframe欢迎你",
            MinLength2: "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The MinLength2 value `goframe` length must be equal or greater than 8
}

`max-length`

Format: max-length:max

Description: The parameter length maximum is max (length parameter is integer), note that Unicode is used for length calculation at the underlying layer, thus a Chinese character takes up 1 length unit.

func Example_Rule_MaxLength() {
    type BizReq struct {
        MaxLength1 string `v:"max-length:10"`
        MaxLength2 string `v:"max-length:5"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            MaxLength1: "goframe欢迎你",
            MaxLength2: "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The MaxLength2 value `goframe` length must be equal or lesser than 5
}

`between`

Format: between:min,max

Description: The parameter size is between min and max (supports integer and float type parameters).

func Example_Rule_Between() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Age1   int     `v:"between:1,100"`
        Age2   int     `v:"between:1,100"`
        Score1 float32 `v:"between:0,10"`
        Score2 float32 `v:"between:0,10"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Age1:   50,
            Age2:   101,
            Score1: 9.8,
            Score2: -0.5,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Age2 value `101` must be between 1 and 100
    // The Score2 value `-0.5` must be between 0 and 10
}

`min`

Format: min:min

Description: The parameter size minimum is min (supports integer and float type parameters).

func Example_Rule_Min() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Age1   int     `v:"min:100"`
        Age2   int     `v:"min:100"`
        Score1 float32 `v:"min:10"`
        Score2 float32 `v:"min:10"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Age1:   50,
            Age2:   101,
            Score1: 9.8,
            Score2: 10.1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Age1 value `50` must be equal or greater than 100
    // The Score1 value `9.8` must be equal or greater than 10
}

`max`

Format: max:max

Description: The parameter size maximum is max (supports integer and float type parameters).

func Example_Rule_Max() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Age1   int     `v:"max:100"`
        Age2   int     `v:"max:100"`
        Score1 float32 `v:"max:10"`
        Score2 float32 `v:"max:10"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Age1:   99,
            Age2:   101,
            Score1: 9.9,
            Score2: 10.1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Age2 value `101` must be equal or lesser than 100
    // The Score2 value `10.1` must be equal or lesser than 10
}

`json`

Format: json

Description: Checks whether the data format is JSON.

func Example_Rule_Json() {
    type BizReq struct {
        JSON1 string `v:"json"`
        JSON2 string `v:"json"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            JSON1: "{\"name\":\"goframe\",\"author\":\"郭强\"}",
            JSON2: "{\"name\":\"goframe\",\"author\":\"郭强\",\"test\"}",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The JSON2 value `{"name":"goframe","author":"郭强","test"}` is not a valid JSON string
}

`integer`

Format: integer

Description: Integer (positive or negative).

func Example_Rule_Integer() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Integer string `v:"integer"`
        Float   string `v:"integer"`
        Str     string `v:"integer"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Integer: "100",
            Float:   "10.0",
            Str:     "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Float value `10.0` is not an integer
    // The Str value `goframe` is not an integer
}

`float`

Format: float

Description: Float numbers.

func Example_Rule_Float() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Integer string `v:"float"`
        Float   string `v:"float"`
        Str     string `v:"float"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Integer: "100",
            Float:   "10.0",
            Str:     "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Str value `goframe` is invalid
}

`boolean`

Format: boolean

Description: Boolean value (1, true, on, yes for true | 0, false, off, no, "" for false).

func Example_Rule_Boolean() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Boolean bool    `v:"boolean"`
        Integer int     `v:"boolean"`
        Float   float32 `v:"boolean"`
        Str1    string  `v:"boolean"`
        Str2    string  `v:"boolean"`
        Str3    string  `v:"boolean"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Boolean: true,
            Integer: 1,
            Float:   10.0,
            Str1:    "on",
            Str2:    "",
            Str3:    "goframe",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Float value `10` field must be true or false
    // The Str3 value `goframe` field must be true or false
}

`same`

Format: same:field
Description: The parameter value must be the same as the value of the field parameter.

Example: During user registration, the submitted password Password and confirm password Password2 must be equal (server-side validation).

func Example_Rule_Same() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Name      string `v:"required"`
        Password  string `v:"required|same:Password2"`
        Password2 string `v:"required"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Name:      "gf",
            Password:  "goframe.org",
            Password2: "goframe.net",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Password value `goframe.org` must be the same as field Password2
}

`different`

Format: different:field
Description: Parameter value cannot be the same as the field parameter value.

Example: Backup email OtherMailAddr and email address MailAddr must be different.

func Example_Rule_Different() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Name            string `v:"required"`
        MailAddr        string `v:"required"`
        ConfirmMailAddr string `v:"required|different:MailAddr"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Name:            "gf",
            MailAddr:        "gf@goframe.org",
            ConfirmMailAddr: "gf@goframe.org",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The ConfirmMailAddr value `gf@goframe.org` must be different from field MailAddr
}

`eq`

Format: eq:field
Description: Parameter value must be the same as the value of the field parameter. Alias for same rule, identical to same rule.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_EQ() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Name      string `v:"required"`
        Password  string `v:"required|eq:Password2"`
        Password2 string `v:"required"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Name:      "gf",
            Password:  "goframe.org",
            Password2: "goframe.net",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Password value `goframe.org` must be equal to field Password2 value `goframe.net`
}

`not-eq`

Format: not-eq:field
Description: Parameter value must be different from the field’s parameter value. Alias for different rule, identical to different rule.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_NotEQ() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Name          string `v:"required"`
        MailAddr      string `v:"required"`
        OtherMailAddr string `v:"required|not-eq:MailAddr"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Name:          "gf",
            MailAddr:      "gf@goframe.org",
            OtherMailAddr: "gf@goframe.org",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The OtherMailAddr value `gf@goframe.org` must not be equal to field MailAddr value `gf@goframe.org`
}

`gt`

Format: gt:field
Description: Parameter value must be greater than the value corresponding to the given field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_GT() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 int
        Value2 int `v:"gt:Value1"`
        Value3 int `v:"gt:Value1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: 1,
            Value2: 1,
            Value3: 2,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value2 value `1` must be greater than field Value1 value `1`
}

`gte`

Format: gte:field
Description: Parameter value must be greater than or equal to the value corresponding to the given field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_GTE() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 int
        Value2 int `v:"gte:Value1"`
        Value3 int `v:"gte:Value1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: 2,
            Value2: 1,
            Value3: 2,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value2 value `1` must be greater than or equal to field Value1 value `2`
}

`lt`

Format: lt:field
Description: Parameter value must be less than the value corresponding to the given field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_LT() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 int
        Value2 int `v:"lt:Value1"`
        Value3 int `v:"lt:Value1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: 2,
            Value2: 1,
            Value3: 2,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value3 value `2` must be lesser than field Value1 value `2`
}

`lte`

Format: lte:field
Description: Parameter value must be less than or equal to the value corresponding to the given field.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_LTE() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Value1 int
        Value2 int `v:"lte:Value1"`
        Value3 int `v:"lte:Value1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Value1: 1,
            Value2: 1,
            Value3: 2,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.String())
    }
    // Output:
    // The Value3 value `2` must be lesser than or equal to field Value1 value `1`
}

`in`

Format: in:value1,value2,...
Description: Parameter value should be within value1,value2,... (string matching).

Example: The value of the gender field Gender must be within 0/1/2.

func Example_Rule_In() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID     uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your Id"`
        Name   string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        Gender uint   `v:"in:0,1,2" dc:"0:Secret;1:Male;2:Female"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:     1,
            Name:   "test",
            Gender: 3,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The Gender value `3` is not in acceptable range: 0,1,2
}

`not-in`

Format: not-in:value1,value2,...
Description: Parameter value should not be within value1,value2,... (string matching).

Example: The invalid index InvalidIndex must not be within -1/0/1.

func Example_Rule_NotIn() {
    type BizReq struct {
        ID           uint   `v:"required" dc:"Your Id"`
        Name         string `v:"required" dc:"Your name"`
        InvalidIndex uint   `v:"not-in:-1,0,1"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            ID:           1,
            Name:         "test",
            InvalidIndex: 1,
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Output:
    // The InvalidIndex value `1` must not be in range: -1,0,1
}

`regex`

Format: regex:pattern

Description: The parameter value should meet the regex matching rule pattern.

func Example_Rule_Regex() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Regex1 string `v:"regex:[1-9][0-9]{4,14}"`
        Regex2 string `v:"regex:[1-9][0-9]{4,14}"`
        Regex3 string `v:"regex:[1-9][0-9]{4,14}"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Regex1: "1234",
            Regex2: "01234",
            Regex3: "10000",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Regex1 value `1234` must be in regex of: [1-9][0-9]{4,14}
    // The Regex2 value `01234` must be in regex of: [1-9][0-9]{4,14}
}

`not-regex`

Format: not-regex:pattern
Description: The parameter value should not meet the regex matching rule pattern.

Version: Framework version >=v2.2.0

func Example_Rule_NotRegex() {
    type BizReq struct {
        Regex1 string `v:"regex:\\d{4}"`
        Regex2 string `v:"not-regex:\\d{4}"`
    }
    var (
        ctx = context.Background()
        req = BizReq{
            Regex1: "1234",
            Regex2: "1234",
        }
    )
    if err := g.Validator().Data(req).Run(ctx); err != nil {
        fmt.Print(gstr.Join(err.Strings(), "\n"))
    }
    // Output:
    // The Regex2 value `1234` should not be in regex of: \d{4}
}