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TiDB v8.1 Documentation
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 TiDB试用  来源:TiDB 浏览 103 扫码 分享 2024-06-19 20:48:07
  • Overview
  • Quick Start
  • Example Applications
  • Connect to TiDB
  • Design Database Schema
  • Write Data
  • Read Data
  • Transaction
  • Optimize
  • Troubleshoot
  • Reference
  • Cloud Native Development Environment
  • Third-Party Support
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  • TiDB v8.1 Documentation
  • TiDB v8.1 中文文档
  • TiDB v7.5 中文文档
  • TiDB v7.1 中文文档
  • TiDB v7.1 Documentation
  • TiDB v6.5 中文文档
  • TiDB v6.1 中文文档
  • TiDB v6.0 中文文档
  • TiDB v5.4 用户手册
  • TiDB v5.3 用户手册
  • TiDB v5.2 用户手册
  • TiDB v5.1 用户手册
  • TiDB v5.0 用户文档
  • TiDB实战（TiDB in Action）
  • TiDB v4.0 用户文档
  • TiDB v3.1 用户文档
  • TiDB v2.1 用户文档
  • TiDB v2.0 中文技术文档
  • SUMMARY
  • About TiDB
    • TiDB Introduction
    • Features
    • MySQL Compatibility
    • TiDB Limitations
    • Credits
    • Roadmap
  • Quick Start
    • Try Out TiDB
    • Try Out HTAP
    • Learn TiDB SQL
    • Learn HTAP
    • Import Example Database
  • Develop
    • Overview
    • Quick Start
      • Build a TiDB Serverless Cluster
      • CRUD SQL in TiDB
    • Example Applications
      • Java
        • JDBC
        • MyBatis
        • Hibernate
        • Spring Boot
      • Go
        • Go-MySQL-Driver
        • GORM
      • Python
        • mysqlclient
        • MySQL Connector/Python
        • PyMySQL
        • SQLAlchemy
        • peewee
        • Django
      • Node.js
        • node-mysql2
        • mysql.js
        • Prisma
        • Sequelize
        • TypeORM
        • Next.js
        • AWS Lambda
      • Ruby
        • mysql2
        • Rails
    • Connect to TiDB
      • GUI Database Tools
        • JetBrains DataGrip
        • DBeaver
        • VS Code
        • MySQL Workbench
        • Navicat
      • Choose Driver or ORM
      • Connect to TiDB
      • Connection Pools and Connection Parameters
    • Design Database Schema
      • Overview
      • Create a Database
      • Create a Table
      • Create a Secondary Index
    • Write Data
      • Insert Data
      • Update Data
      • Delete Data
      • Periodically Delete Data Using Time to Live
      • Prepared Statements
    • Read Data
      • Query Data from a Single Table
      • Multi-table Join Queries
      • Subquery
      • Paginate Results
      • Views
      • Temporary Tables
      • Common Table Expression
      • Read Replica Data
        • Follower Read
        • Stale Read
      • HTAP Queries
    • Transaction
      • Overview
      • Optimistic and Pessimistic Transactions
      • Transaction Restraints
      • Handle Transaction Errors
    • Optimize
      • Overview
      • SQL Performance Tuning
      • Best Practices for Performance Tuning
      • Best Practices for Indexing
      • Other Optimization Methods
        • Avoid Implicit Type Conversions
        • Unique Serial Number Generation
    • Troubleshoot
      • SQL or Transaction Issues
      • Unstable Result Set
      • Timeouts
    • Reference
      • Bookshop Example Application
      • Guidelines
        • Object Naming Convention
        • SQL Development Specifications
    • Cloud Native Development Environment
      • Gitpod
    • Third-Party Support
      • Third-Party Tools Supported by TiDB
      • Known Incompatibility Issues with Third-Party Tools
      • ProxySQL Integration Guide
      • Amazon AppFlow Integration Guide
  • Deploy
    • Software and Hardware Requirements
    • Environment Configuration Checklist
    • Plan Cluster Topology
      • Minimal Topology
      • TiFlash Topology
      • TiProxy Topology
      • TiCDC Topology
      • TiDB Binlog Topology
      • TiSpark Topology
      • Cross-DC Topology
      • Hybrid Topology
    • Install and Start
      • Use TiUP
      • Deploy on Kubernetes
    • Verify Cluster Status
    • Test Cluster Performance
      • Test TiDB Using Sysbench
      • Test TiDB Using TPC-C
      • Test TiDB Using CH-benCHmark
  • Migrate
    • Overview
    • Migration Tools
    • Import Best Practices
    • Migration Scenarios
      • Migrate from Aurora
      • Migrate Small Datasets from MySQL
      • Migrate Large Datasets from MySQL
      • Migrate and Merge MySQL Shards of Small Datasets
      • Migrate and Merge MySQL Shards of Large Datasets
      • Migrate from MariaDB
      • Migrate from CSV Files
      • Migrate from SQL Files
      • Migrate from Parquet Files
      • Migrate from One TiDB Cluster to Another TiDB Cluster
      • Migrate from TiDB to MySQL-compatible Databases
    • Advanced Migration
      • Continuous Replication with gh-ost or pt-osc
      • Filter Binlog Events
      • Filter DML Events Using SQL Expressions
  • Integrate
    • Overview
    • Integration Scenarios
      • Integrate with Confluent and Snowflake
      • Integrate with Apache Kafka and Apache Flink
  • Maintain
    • Upgrade
      • Use TiUP
      • Use TiDB Operator
      • TiDB Smooth Upgrade
      • TiFlash Upgrade Guide
    • Scale
      • Use TiUP (Recommended)
      • Use TiDB Operator
    • Backup and Restore
      • Overview
      • Architecture
        • Architecture Overview
        • Snapshot Backup and Restore Architecture
        • Log Backup and PITR Architecture
      • Use BR
        • Use Overview
        • Snapshot Backup and Restore Guide
        • Log Backup and PITR Guide
        • Use Cases
        • Backup Storages
      • BR CLI Manuals
        • Overview
        • Snapshot Backup and Restore Command Manual
        • Log Backup and PITR Command Manual
      • References
        • BR Features
          • Backup Auto-Tune
          • Batch Create Table
          • Checkpoint Backup
          • Checkpoint Restore
        • Back up and Restore Data Using Dumpling and TiDB Lightning
        • Back Up and Restore RawKV
        • Incremental Backup and Restore
    • Cluster Disaster Recovery (DR)
      • DR Solutions Overview
      • Primary-Secondary DR
      • Multi-Replica Cluster DR
      • BR-based DR
    • Resource Control
    • Configure Time Zone
    • Daily Checklist
    • Maintain TiFlash
    • Maintain TiDB Using TiUP
    • Modify Configuration Dynamically
    • Online Unsafe Recovery
    • Replicate Data Between Primary and Secondary Clusters
  • Monitor and Alert
    • Monitoring Framework Overview
    • Monitoring API
    • Deploy Monitoring Services
    • Upgrade Monitoring Services
    • Export Grafana Snapshots
    • TiDB Cluster Alert Rules
    • TiFlash Alert Rules
    • Customize Configurations of Monitoring Servers
    • BR Monitoring and Alert
  • Troubleshoot
    • Issue Summary
      • TiDB Troubleshooting Map
      • Troubleshoot TiDB Cluster Setup
      • Troubleshoot TiFlash
    • Issue Scenarios
      • Slow Queries
        • Identify Slow Queries
        • Analyze Slow Queries
      • TiDB OOM
      • Hotspot
      • Increased Read and Write Latency
      • Write Conflicts in Optimistic Transactions
      • High Disk I/O Usage
      • Lock Conflicts
      • Inconsistency Between Data and Indexes
    • Diagnostic Methods
      • SQL Diagnostics
      • Statement Summary Tables
      • Identify Expensive Queries Using Logs
      • Save and Restore the On-Site Information of a Cluster
      • Understanding Stale Read and safe-ts in TiKV
    • Support Resources
  • Performance Tuning
    • Tuning Guide
      • Performance Tuning Overview
      • Performance Analysis and Tuning
      • Performance Tuning Practices for OLTP Scenarios
      • TiFlash Performance Analysis Methods
      • TiCDC Performance Analysis Methods
      • Latency Breakdown
      • TiDB Best Practices on Public Cloud
    • Configuration Tuning
      • Tune Operating System Performance
      • Tune TiDB Memory
      • Tune TiKV Threads
      • Tune TiKV Memory
      • TiKV Follower Read
      • Tune Region Performance
      • Tune TiFlash Performance
      • Coprocessor Cache
      • Garbage Collection (GC)
        • Overview
        • Configuration
    • SQL Tuning
      • Overview
      • Understanding the Query Execution Plan
        • Overview
        • EXPLAIN Walkthrough
        • Indexes
        • Joins
        • MPP Queries
        • Subqueries
        • Aggregation
        • Views
        • Partitions
        • Index Merge
      • SQL Optimization Process
        • Overview
        • Logic Optimization
          • Overview
          • Subquery Related Optimizations
          • Column Pruning
          • Decorrelation of Correlated Subquery
          • Eliminate Max/Min
          • Predicates Push Down
          • Partition Pruning
          • TopN and Limit Push Down
          • Join Reorder
          • Derive TopN or Limit from Window Functions
        • Physical Optimization
          • Overview
          • Index Selection
          • Statistics
          • Extended Statistics
          • Wrong Index Solution
          • Distinct Optimization
          • Cost Model
          • Runtime Filter
        • Prepared Execution Plan Cache
        • Non-Prepared Execution Plan Cache
      • Control Execution Plans
        • Overview
        • Optimizer Hints
        • SQL Plan Management
        • The Blocklist of Optimization Rules and Expression Pushdown
        • Optimizer Fix Controls
  • Tutorials
    • Multiple Availability Zones in One Region Deployment
    • Three Availability Zones in Two Regions Deployment
    • Two Availability Zones in One Region Deployment
    • Read Historical Data
      • Use Stale Read (Recommended)
        • Usage Scenarios of Stale Read
        • Perform Stale Read UsingAs OF TIMESTAMP
        • Perform Stale Read Usingtidb_read_staleness
        • Perform Stale Read Usingtidb_external_ts
      • Use thetidb_snapshot System Variable
    • Best Practices
      • Use TiDB
      • Java Application Development
      • Use HAProxy
      • Highly Concurrent Write
      • Grafana Monitoring
      • PD Scheduling
      • TiKV Performance Tuning with Massive Regions
      • Three-node Hybrid Deployment
      • Local Read Under Three Data Centers Deployment
      • Use UUIDs
      • Read-Only Storage Nodes
    • Use Placement Rules
    • Use Load Base Split
    • Use Store Limit
    • DDL Execution Principles and Best Practices
    • Use PD Microservices
  • TiDB Tools
    • Overview
    • Use Cases
    • Download
    • TiUP
      • Documentation Map
      • Overview
      • Terminology and Concepts
      • Manage TiUP Components
      • FAQ
      • Troubleshooting Guide
      • Command Reference
        • Overview
        • TiUP Commands
          • tiup clean
          • tiup completion
          • tiup env
          • tiup help
          • tiup install
          • tiup list
          • tiup mirror
          • tiup status
          • tiup telemetry
          • tiup uninstall
          • tiup update
        • TiUP Cluster Commands
          • Overview
          • tiup cluster audit
          • tiup cluster audit cleanup
          • tiup cluster check
          • tiup cluster clean
          • tiup cluster deploy
          • tiup cluster destroy
          • tiup cluster disable
          • tiup cluster display
          • tiup cluster edit-config
          • tiup cluster enable
          • tiup cluster help
          • tiup cluster import
          • tiup cluster list
          • tiup cluster meta backup
          • tiup cluster meta restore
          • tiup cluster patch
          • tiup cluster prune
          • tiup cluster reload
          • tiup cluster rename
          • tiup cluster replay
          • tiup cluster restart
          • tiup cluster scale-in
          • tiup cluster scale-out
          • tiup cluster start
          • tiup cluster stop
          • tiup cluster template
          • tiup cluster upgrade
        • TiUP DM Commands
          • Overview
          • tiup dm audit
          • tiup dm deploy
          • tiup dm destroy
          • tiup dm disable
          • tiup dm display
          • tiup dm edit-config
          • tiup dm enable
          • tiup dm help
          • tiup dm import
          • tiup dm list
          • tiup dm patch
          • tiup dm prune
          • tiup dm reload
          • tiup dm replay
          • tiup dm restart
          • tiup dm scale-in
          • tiup dm scale-out
          • tiup dm start
          • tiup dm stop
          • tiup dm template
          • tiup dm upgrade
      • TiDB Cluster Topology Reference
      • DM Cluster Topology Reference
      • Mirror Reference Guide
      • TiUP Components
        • tiup-playground
        • tiup-cluster
        • tiup-mirror
        • tiup-bench
    • TiDB Operator
    • TiDB Data Migration
      • About TiDB Data Migration
      • Architecture
      • Quick Start
      • Best Practices
      • Deploy a DM cluster
        • Hardware and Software Requirements
        • Use TiUP (Recommended)
        • Use TiUP Offline
        • Use Binary
        • Use Kubernetes
      • Tutorials
        • Create a Data Source
        • Manage Data Sources
        • Configure Tasks
        • Shard Merge
        • Table Routing
        • Block and Allow Lists
        • Binlog Event Filter
        • Filter DMLs Using SQL Expressions
        • Online DDL Tool Support
        • Customize a Secret Key for Encryption and Decryption
        • Manage a Data Migration Task
          • Precheck a Task
          • Create a Task
          • Query Status
          • Pause a Task
          • Resume a Task
          • Stop a Task
      • Advanced Tutorials
        • Merge and Migrate Data from Sharded Tables
          • Overview
          • Pessimistic Mode
          • Optimistic Mode
          • Manually Handle Sharding DDL Lock
        • Migrate from MySQL Databases that Use GH-ost/PT-osc
        • Migrate Data to a Downstream TiDB Table with More Columns
        • Continuous Data Validation
      • Maintain
        • Cluster Upgrade
          • Maintain DM Clusters Using TiUP (Recommended)
          • Manually Upgrade from v1.0.x to v2.0+
        • Tools
          • Manage Using WebUI
          • Manage Using dmctl
        • Performance Tuning
          • Benchmarks
          • Optimize Configurations
          • Test DM Performance
          • Handle Performance Issues
        • Manage Data Sources
          • Switch the MySQL Instance to Be Migrated
        • Manage Tasks
          • Handle Failed DDL Statements
          • Manage Schemas of Tables to be Migrated
        • Export and Import Data Sources and Task Configurations of Clusters
        • Handle Alerts
        • Daily Check
      • Reference
        • Architecture
          • DM-worker
          • Safe Mode
          • Relay Log
          • DDL Handling
        • Mechanism
          • DML Replication Mechanism
        • Command Line
          • DM-master & DM-worker
        • Configuration Files
          • Overview
          • Upstream Database Configurations
          • Task Configurations
          • DM-master Configuration
          • DM-worker Configuration
          • Table Selector
        • OpenAPI
        • Compatibility Catalog
        • Secure
          • Enable TLS for DM Connections
          • Generate Self-signed Certificates
        • Monitoring and Alerts
          • Monitoring Metrics
          • Alert Rules
        • Error Codes
        • Glossary
        • Example
          • Migrate Data Using DM
          • Create a Data Migration Task
          • Best Practices of Data Migration in the Shard Merge Scenario
        • Troubleshoot
          • FAQ
          • Handle Errors
        • Release Notes
    • TiDB Lightning
      • Overview
      • IMPORT INTO vs. TiDB Lightning
      • Compatibility of TiDB Lightning andIMPORT INTO with TiCDC and Log Backup
      • Get Started
      • Deploy TiDB Lightning
      • Target Database Requirements
      • Data Sources
        • Data Match Rules
        • Rename databases and tables
        • CSV
        • SQL
        • Parquet
        • Compressed files
        • Customized File
        • Import data from Amazon S3
      • Physical Import Mode
        • Requirements and Limitations
        • Use Physical Import Mode
      • Logical Import Mode
        • Requirements and Limitations
        • Use Logical Import Mode
      • Prechecks
      • Checkpoints
      • Import Data in Parallel
      • Error Resolution
      • Troubleshooting
      • Reference
        • Configuration File
        • Command Line Flags
        • Monitoring
        • Web Interface
        • FAQ
        • Glossary
    • Dumpling
    • TiCDC
      • Overview
      • Deploy and Maintain
      • Changefeed
        • Overview
        • Create Changefeeds
          • Replicate Data to MySQL-compatible Databases
          • Replicate Data to Kafka
          • Replicate Data to Pulsar
          • Replicate Data to Storage Services
        • Manage Changefeeds
        • TiCDC Client Authentication
        • Log Filter
        • DDL Replication
        • Bidirectional Replication
        • Data Integrity Validation for Single-Row Data
        • Data Consistency Validation for TiDB Upstream/Downstream Clusters
        • TiCDC Behavior Changes
      • Monitor and Alert
        • Monitoring Metrics Summary
        • Alert Rules
      • Reference
        • Architecture
        • TiCDC Server Configurations
        • TiCDC Changefeed Configurations
        • Output Protocols
          • TiCDC Avro Protocol
          • TiCDC Canal-JSON Protocol
          • TiCDC CSV Protocol
          • TiCDC Debezium Protocol
          • TiCDC Open Protocol
          • TiCDC Simple Protocol
        • TiCDC Open API v2
        • TiCDC Open API v1
        • TiCDC Data Consumption
          • TiCDC Row Data Checksum Verification Based on Avro
          • Guide for Developing a Storage Sink Consumer
        • Compatibility
      • Troubleshoot
      • FAQs
      • Glossary
    • TiDB Binlog
      • Overview
      • Quick Start
      • Deploy
      • Maintain
      • Configure
        • Pump
        • Drainer
      • Upgrade
      • Monitor
      • Reparo
      • binlogctl
      • Binlog Consumer Client
      • TiDB Binlog Relay Log
      • Bidirectional Replication Between TiDB Clusters
      • Glossary
      • Troubleshoot
        • Troubleshoot
        • Handle Errors
      • FAQ
    • PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Service
      • Overview
      • Quick Start
      • Troubleshoot Clusters Using PingCAP Clinic
      • PingCAP Clinic Diagnostic Data
    • TiSpark
      • User Guide
    • sync-diff-inspector
      • Overview
      • Data Check for Tables with Different Schema/Table Names
      • Data Check in the Sharding Scenario
      • Data Check in the DM Replication Scenario
    • TiProxy
      • Overview
      • Configuration
      • Command Line Parameters
      • Monitoring Metrics
      • API
      • Troubleshooting
      • Performance Test
  • Reference
    • Cluster Architecture
      • Overview
      • Storage
      • Computing
      • Scheduling
      • TSO
    • Storage Engine - TiKV
      • TiKV Overview
      • RocksDB Overview
      • Titan Overview
      • Titan Configuration
      • Partitioned Raft KV
    • Storage Engine - TiFlash
      • Overview
      • Create TiFlash Replicas
      • Use TiDB to Read TiFlash Replicas
      • Use TiSpark to Read TiFlash Replicas
      • Use MPP Mode
      • Use FastScan
      • Disaggregated Storage and Compute Architecture and S3 Support
      • Supported Push-down Calculations
      • TiFlash Query Result Materialization
      • TiFlash Late Materialization
      • Spill to Disk
      • Data Validation
      • Compatibility
      • Pipeline Execution Model
    • TiDB Distributed eXecution Framework (DXF)
      • Introduction
      • TiDB Global Sort
    • System Variables
    • Server Status Variables
    • Configuration File Parameters
      • tidb-server
      • tikv-server
      • tiflash-server
      • pd-server
    • CLI
      • tikv-ctl
      • pd-ctl
      • tidb-ctl
      • pd-recover
    • Command Line Flags
      • tidb-server
      • tikv-server
      • tiflash-server
      • pd-server
    • Key Monitoring Metrics
      • Overview
      • Performance Overview
      • TiDB
      • PD
      • TiKV
      • TiFlash
      • TiCDC
      • Resource Control
    • Security
      • Enable TLS Between TiDB Clients and Servers
      • Enable TLS Between TiDB Components
      • Generate Self-signed Certificates
      • Encryption at Rest
      • Enable Encryption for Disk Spill
      • Log Redaction
    • Privileges
      • Security Compatibility with MySQL
      • Privilege Management
      • User Account Management
      • TiDB Password Management
      • Role-Based Access Control
      • Certificate-Based Authentication
    • SQL
      • SQL Language Structure and Syntax
        • Attributes
          • AUTO_INCREMENT
          • AUTO_RANDOM
          • SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS
        • Literal Values
        • Schema Object Names
        • Keywords and Reserved Words
        • User-Defined Variables
        • Expression Syntax
        • Comment Syntax
      • SQL Statements
        • ADD COLUMN
        • ADD INDEX
        • ADMIN
        • ADMIN CANCEL DDL
        • ADMIN CHECKSUM TABLE
        • ADMIN CHECK [TABLE|INDEX]
        • ADMIN CLEANUP
        • ADMIN PAUSE DDL
        • ADMIN RECOVER INDEX
        • ADMIN RESUME DDL
        • ADMIN [SET|SHOW|UNSET] BDR ROLE
        • ADMIN SHOW DDL [JOBS|JOB QUERIES]
        • ADMIN SHOW TELEMETRY
        • ALTER DATABASE
        • ALTER INDEX
        • ALTER INSTANCE
        • ALTER PLACEMENT POLICY
        • ALTER RANGE
        • ALTER RESOURCE GROUP
        • ALTER SEQUENCE
        • ALTER TABLE
        • ALTER TABLE COMPACT
        • ALTER USER
        • ANALYZE TABLE
        • BACKUP
        • BATCH
        • BEGIN
        • CALIBRATE RESOURCE
        • CANCEL IMPORT JOB
        • CHANGE COLUMN
        • COMMIT
        • CHANGE DRAINER
        • CHANGE PUMP
        • CREATE BINDING
        • CREATE DATABASE
        • CREATE INDEX
        • CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY
        • CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
        • CREATE ROLE
        • CREATE SEQUENCE
        • CREATE TABLE LIKE
        • CREATE TABLE
        • CREATE USER
        • CREATE VIEW
        • DEALLOCATE
        • DELETE
        • DESC
        • DESCRIBE
        • DO
        • DROP BINDING
        • DROP COLUMN
        • DROP DATABASE
        • DROP INDEX
        • DROP PLACEMENT POLICY
        • DROP RESOURCE GROUP
        • DROP ROLE
        • DROP SEQUENCE
        • DROP STATS
        • DROP TABLE
        • DROP USER
        • DROP VIEW
        • EXECUTE
        • EXPLAIN ANALYZE
        • EXPLAIN
        • FLASHBACK CLUSTER
        • FLASHBACK DATABASE
        • FLASHBACK TABLE
        • FLUSH PRIVILEGES
        • FLUSH STATUS
        • FLUSH TABLES
        • GRANT <privileges>
        • GRANT <role>
        • IMPORT INTO
        • INSERT
        • KILL
        • LOAD DATA
        • LOAD STATS
        • LOCK STATS
        • [LOCK|UNLOCK] TABLES
        • MODIFY COLUMN
        • PREPARE
        • QUERY WATCH
        • RECOVER TABLE
        • RENAME USER
        • RENAME INDEX
        • RENAME TABLE
        • REPLACE
        • RESTORE
        • REVOKE <privileges>
        • REVOKE <role>
        • ROLLBACK
        • SAVEPOINT
        • SELECT
        • SET DEFAULT ROLE
        • SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET]
        • SET PASSWORD
        • SET RESOURCE GROUP
        • SET ROLE
        • SET TRANSACTION
        • SET <variable>
        • SHOW ANALYZE STATUS
        • SHOW [BACKUPS|RESTORES]
        • SHOW BINDINGS
        • SHOW BUILTINS
        • SHOW CHARACTER SET
        • SHOW COLLATION
        • SHOW COLUMN_STATS_USAGE
        • SHOW COLUMNS FROM
        • SHOW CONFIG
        • SHOW CREATE DATABASE
        • SHOW CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY
        • SHOW CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
        • SHOW CREATE SEQUENCE
        • SHOW CREATE TABLE
        • SHOW CREATE USER
        • SHOW DATABASES
        • SHOW DRAINER STATUS
        • SHOW ENGINES
        • SHOW ERRORS
        • SHOW FIELDS FROM
        • SHOW GRANTS
        • SHOW IMPORT JOB
        • SHOW INDEXES
        • SHOW MASTER STATUS
        • SHOW PLACEMENT
        • SHOW PLACEMENT FOR
        • SHOW PLACEMENT LABELS
        • SHOW PLUGINS
        • SHOW PRIVILEGES
        • SHOW PROCESSSLIST
        • SHOW PROFILES
        • SHOW PUMP STATUS
        • SHOW SCHEMAS
        • SHOW STATS_BUCKETS
        • SHOW STATS_HEALTHY
        • SHOW STATS_HISTOGRAMS
        • SHOW STATS_LOCKED
        • SHOW STATS_META
        • SHOW STATS_TOPN
        • SHOW STATUS
        • SHOW TABLE NEXT_ROW_ID
        • SHOW TABLE REGIONS
        • SHOW TABLE STATUS
        • SHOW TABLES
        • SHOW VARIABLES
        • SHOW WARNINGS
        • SHUTDOWN
        • SPLIT REGION
        • START TRANSACTION
        • TABLE
        • TRACE
        • TRUNCATE
        • UNLOCK STATS
        • UPDATE
        • USE
        • WITH
      • Data Types
        • Overview
        • Default Values
        • Numeric Types
        • Date and Time Types
        • String Types
        • JSON Type
      • Functions and Operators
        • Overview
        • Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
        • Operators
        • Control Flow Functions
        • String Functions
        • Numeric Functions and Operators
        • Date and Time Functions
        • Bit Functions and Operators
        • Cast Functions and Operators
        • Encryption and Compression Functions
        • Locking Functions
        • Information Functions
        • JSON Functions
        • Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions
        • GROUP BY Modifiers
        • Window Functions
        • Miscellaneous Functions
        • Precision Math
        • Set Operations
        • Sequence Functions
        • List of Expressions for Pushdown
        • TiDB Specific Functions
        • Comparisons between Functions and Syntax of Oracle and TiDB
      • Clustered Indexes
      • Constraints
      • Generated Columns
      • SQL Mode
      • Table Attributes
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Isolation Levels
        • Optimistic Transactions
        • Pessimistic Transactions
        • Non-Transactional DML Statements
      • Views
      • Partitioning
      • Temporary Tables
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      • FOREIGN KEY Constraints
      • Character Set and Collation
        • Overview
        • GBK
      • Placement Rules in SQL
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        • mysql
        • INFORMATION_SCHEMA
          • Overview
          • ANALYZE_STATUS
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          • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_HOST
          • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_BY_USER
          • CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY_GLOBAL
          • CHARACTER_SETS
          • CLUSTER_CONFIG
          • CLUSTER_HARDWARE
          • CLUSTER_INFO
          • CLUSTER_LOAD
          • CLUSTER_LOG
          • CLUSTER_SYSTEMINFO
          • COLLATIONS
          • COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • COLUMNS
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          • ENGINES
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          • KEYWORDS
          • KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • MEMORY_USAGE
          • MEMORY_USAGE_OPS_HISTORY
          • METRICS_SUMMARY
          • METRICS_TABLES
          • PARTITIONS
          • PLACEMENT_POLICIES
          • PROCESSLIST
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  • Release Notes
    • All Releases
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    • TiDB Versioning
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    • v8.1
      • 8.1.0
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      • 8.0.0-DMR
    • v7.6
      • 7.6.0-DMR
    • v7.5
      • 7.5.2
      • 7.5.1
      • 7.5.0
    • v7.4
      • 7.4.0-DMR
    • v7.3
      • 7.3.0-DMR
    • v7.2
      • 7.2.0-DMR
    • v7.1
      • 7.1.5
      • 7.1.4
      • 7.1.3
      • 7.1.2
      • 7.1.1
      • 7.1.0
    • v7.0
      • 7.0.0-DMR
    • v6.6
      • 6.6.0-DMR
    • v6.5
      • 6.5.9
      • 6.5.8
      • 6.5.7
      • 6.5.6
      • 6.5.5
      • 6.5.4
      • 6.5.3
      • 6.5.2
      • 6.5.1
      • 6.5.0
    • v6.4
      • 6.4.0-DMR
    • v6.3
      • 6.3.0-DMR
    • v6.2
      • 6.2.0-DMR
    • v6.1
      • 6.1.7
      • 6.1.6
      • 6.1.5
      • 6.1.4
      • 6.1.3
      • 6.1.2
      • 6.1.1
      • 6.1.0
    • v6.0
      • 6.0.0-DMR
    • v5.4
      • 5.4.3
      • 5.4.2
      • 5.4.1
      • 5.4.0
    • v5.3
      • 5.3.4
      • 5.3.3
      • 5.3.2
      • 5.3.1
      • 5.3.0
    • v5.2
      • 5.2.4
      • 5.2.3
      • 5.2.2
      • 5.2.1
      • 5.2.0
    • v5.1
      • 5.1.5
      • 5.1.4
      • 5.1.3
      • 5.1.2
      • 5.1.1
      • 5.1.0
    • v5.0
      • 5.0.6
      • 5.0.5
      • 5.0.4
      • 5.0.3
      • 5.0.2
      • 5.0.1
      • 5.0 GA
      • 5.0.0-rc
    • v4.0
      • 4.0.16
      • 4.0.15
      • 4.0.14
      • 4.0.13
      • 4.0.12
      • 4.0.11
      • 4.0.10
      • 4.0.9
      • 4.0.8
      • 4.0.7
      • 4.0.6
      • 4.0.5
      • 4.0.4
      • 4.0.3
      • 4.0.2
      • 4.0.1
      • 4.0 GA
      • 4.0.0-rc.2
      • 4.0.0-rc.1
      • 4.0.0-rc
      • 4.0.0-beta.2
      • 4.0.0-beta.1
      • 4.0.0-beta
    • v3.1
      • 3.1.2
      • 3.1.1
      • 3.1.0 GA
      • 3.1.0-rc
      • 3.1.0-beta.2
      • 3.1.0-beta.1
      • 3.1.0-beta
    • v3.0
      • 3.0.20
      • 3.0.19
      • 3.0.18
      • 3.0.17
      • 3.0.16
      • 3.0.15
      • 3.0.14
      • 3.0.13
      • 3.0.12
      • 3.0.11
      • 3.0.10
      • 3.0.9
      • 3.0.8
      • 3.0.7
      • 3.0.6
      • 3.0.5
      • 3.0.4
      • 3.0.3
      • 3.0.2
      • 3.0.1
      • 3.0 GA
      • 3.0.0-rc.3
      • 3.0.0-rc.2
      • 3.0.0-rc.1
      • 3.0.0-beta.1
      • 3.0.0-beta
    • v2.1
      • 2.1.19
      • 2.1.18
      • 2.1.17
      • 2.1.16
      • 2.1.15
      • 2.1.14
      • 2.1.13
      • 2.1.12
      • 2.1.11
      • 2.1.10
      • 2.1.9
      • 2.1.8
      • 2.1.7
      • 2.1.6
      • 2.1.5
      • 2.1.4
      • 2.1.3
      • 2.1.2
      • 2.1.1
      • 2.1 GA
      • 2.1 RC5
      • 2.1 RC4
      • 2.1 RC3
      • 2.1 RC2
      • 2.1 RC1
      • 2.1 Beta
    • v2.0
      • 2.0.11
      • 2.0.10
      • 2.0.9
      • 2.0.8
      • 2.0.7
      • 2.0.6
      • 2.0.5
      • 2.0.4
      • 2.0.3
      • 2.0.2
      • 2.0.1
      • 2.0
      • 2.0 RC5
      • 2.0 RC4
      • 2.0 RC3
      • 2.0 RC1
      • 1.1 Beta
      • 1.1 Alpha
    • v1.0
      • 1.0.8
      • 1.0.7
      • 1.0.6
      • 1.0.5
      • 1.0.4
      • 1.0.3
      • 1.0.2
      • 1.0.1
      • 1.0
      • Pre-GA
      • RC4
      • RC3
      • RC2
      • RC1
  • Glossary
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