Installing a cluster on Azure using ARM templates

In OKD version 4.6, you can install a cluster on Microsoft Azure by using infrastructure that you provide.

Several Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own.

Prerequisites

• Review details about the OKD installation and update processes.

• Configure an Azure account to host the cluster.

• Download the Azure CLI and install it on your computer. See Install the Azure CLI in the Azure documentation. The documentation below was last tested using version 2.2.0 of the Azure CLI. Azure CLI commands might perform differently based on the version you use.

• If you use a firewall and plan to use telemetry, you must configure the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.

• If you do not allow the system to manage identity and access management (IAM), then a cluster administrator can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. Manual mode can also be used in environments where the cloud IAM APIs are not reachable.

  Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

Configuring your Azure project

Before you can install OKD, you must configure an Azure project to host it.

Azure account limits

The OKD cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure components, and the default Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints affect your ability to install OKD clusters.

The following table summarizes the Azure components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OKD clusters.

Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure

To install OKD, the Microsoft Azure account you use must have a dedicated public hosted DNS zone in your account. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. This service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

1. Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.

   For more information about purchasing domains through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

2. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. See Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

3. Configure DNS for your domain. Follow the steps in the Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS in the Azure documentation to create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extract the new authoritative name servers, and update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses.

   Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

4. If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.

You can view Azure’s DNS solution by visiting this example for creating DNS zones.

Increasing Azure account limits

To increase an account limit, file a support request on the Azure portal.

Procedure

1. From the Azure portal, click Help + support in the lower left corner.

2. Click New support request and then select the required values:

   1. From the Issue type list, select Service and subscription limits (quotas).

   2. From the Subscription list, select the subscription to modify.

   3. From the Quota type list, select the quota to increase. For example, select Compute-VM (cores-vCPUs) subscription limit increases to increase the number of vCPUs, which is required to install a cluster.

   4. Click Next: Solutions.

3. On the Problem Details page, provide the required information for your quota increase:

   1. Click Provide details and provide the required details in the Quota details window.

   2. In the SUPPORT METHOD and CONTACT INFO sections, provide the issue severity and your contact details.

4. Click Next: Review + create and then click Create.

Certificate signing requests management

Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

Required Azure roles

Your Microsoft Azure account must have the following roles for the subscription that you use:

• User Access Administrator

To set roles on the Azure portal, see the Manage access to Azure resources using RBAC and the Azure portal in the Azure documentation.

Creating a service principal

Because OKD and its installation program must create Microsoft Azure resources through Azure Resource Manager, you must create a service principal to represent it.

Prerequisites

• Install or update the Azure CLI.

• Install the jq package.

• Your Azure account has the required roles for the subscription that you use.

Procedure

1. Log in to the Azure CLI:

   $ az login

   Log in to Azure in the web console by using your credentials.

2. If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription.

   1. View the list of available accounts and record the tenantId value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster:

      $ az account list --refresh

      Example output

      [
        {
          "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
          "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
          "isDefault": true,
          "name": "Subscription Name",
          "state": "Enabled",
          "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
          "user": {
            "name": "you@example.com",
            "type": "user"
          }
        }
      ]

   2. View your active account details and confirm that the tenantId value matches the subscription you want to use:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee", (1)
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

      1	Ensure that the value of the tenantId parameter is the UUID of the correct subscription.

   3. If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription:

      $ az account set -s <id> (1)

      1	Substitute the value of the id for the subscription that you want to use for <id>.

   4. If you changed the active subscription, display your account information again:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee",
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

3. Record the values of the tenantId and id parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OKD installation.

4. Create the service principal for your account:

   $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --name <service_principal> (1)

   1	Replace <service_principal> with the name to assign to the service principal.

   Example output

   Changing "<service_principal>" to a valid URI of "http://<service_principal>", which is the required format used for service principal names
   Retrying role assignment creation: 1/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 2/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 3/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 4/36
   {
     "appId": "8bd0d04d-0ac2-43a8-928d-705c598c6956",
     "displayName": "<service_principal>",
     "name": "http://<service_principal>",
     "password": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6",
     "tenant": "6048c7e9-b2ad-488d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee"
   }

5. Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OKD installation.

6. Grant additional permissions to the service principal.

   • You must always add the Contributor and User Access Administrator roles to the app registration service principal so the cluster can assign credentials for its components.

   • To operate the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) in mint mode, the app registration service principal also requires the Azure Active Directory Graph/Application.ReadWrite.OwnedBy API permission.

   • To operate the CCO in passthrough mode, the app registration service principal does not require additional API permissions.

   For more information about CCO modes, see the Cloud Credential Operator entry in the Red Hat Operators reference content.

   1. To assign the User Access Administrator role, run the following command:

      $ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \
          --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp list --filter "appId eq '<appId>'" \ (1)
             | jq '.[0].objectId' -r)

      1	Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

   2. To assign the Azure Active Directory Graph permission, run the following command:

      $ az ad app permission add --id <appId> \ (1)
           --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000 \
           --api-permissions 824c81eb-e3f8-4ee6-8f6d-de7f50d565b7=Role

      1	Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

      Example output

      Invoking "az ad app permission grant --id 46d33abc-b8a3-46d8-8c84-f0fd58177435 --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000" is needed to make the change effective

      For more information about the specific permissions that you grant with this command, see the GUID Table for Windows Azure Active Directory Permissions.

   3. Approve the permissions request. If your account does not have the Azure Active Directory tenant administrator role, follow the guidelines for your organization to request that the tenant administrator approve your permissions request.

      $ az ad app permission grant --id <appId> \ (1)
           --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000

      1	Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

Supported Azure regions

The installation program dynamically generates the list of available Microsoft Azure regions based on your subscription. The following Azure regions were tested and validated in OKD version 4.6.1:

Supported Azure public regions

• australiacentral (Australia Central)

• australiaeast (Australia East)

• australiasoutheast (Australia South East)

• brazilsouth (Brazil South)

• canadacentral (Canada Central)

• canadaeast (Canada East)

• centralindia (Central India)

• centralus (Central US)

• eastasia (East Asia)

• eastus (East US)

• eastus2 (East US 2)

• francecentral (France Central)

• germanywestcentral (Germany West Central)

• japaneast (Japan East)

• japanwest (Japan West)

• koreacentral (Korea Central)

• koreasouth (Korea South)

• northcentralus (North Central US)

• northeurope (North Europe)

• norwayeast (Norway East)

• southafricanorth (South Africa North)

• southcentralus (South Central US)

• southeastasia (Southeast Asia)

• southindia (South India)

• switzerlandnorth (Switzerland North)

• uaenorth (UAE North)

• uksouth (UK South)

• ukwest (UK West)

• westcentralus (West Central US)

• westeurope (West Europe)

• westindia (West India)

• westus (West US)

• westus2 (West US 2)

Supported Azure Government regions

Support for the following Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions was added in OKD version 4.6:

• usgovtexas (US Gov Texas)

• usgovvirginia (US Gov Virginia)

You can reference all available MAG regions in the Azure documentation. Other provided MAG regions are expected to work with OKD, but have not been tested.

Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OKD, download the installation file on a local computer.

Prerequisites

• You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space

Procedure

1. Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

   Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

2. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

3. From the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, download your installation pull secret as a .txt file. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.

   Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}} as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.

   If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site:

   • Red Hat Operators are not available.

   • The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.

   • Content from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.

Generating an SSH private key and adding it to the agent

If you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on your cluster, you must provide an SSH key to both your ssh-agent and the installation program. You can use this key to access the bootstrap machine in a public cluster to troubleshoot installation issues.

You can use this key to SSH into the master nodes as the user core. When you deploy the cluster, the key is added to the core user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list.

Procedure

1. If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' \
       -f <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.

   If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. Start the ssh-agent process as a background task:

   $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

   Example output

   Agent pid 31874

   If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

3. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

   1	Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Next steps

• When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program. If you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision, you must provide this key to your cluster’s machines.

Creating the installation files for Azure

To install OKD on Microsoft Azure using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

Optional: Creating a separate /var partition

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OKD be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OKD supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

• /var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.

• /var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.

• /var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OKD at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OKD installation.

Prerequisites

• If container storage is on the root partition, ensure that this root partition is mounted with the pquota option by including rootflags=pquota in the GRUB command line.

• If the container storage is on a partition that is mounted by /etc/fstab, ensure that the following mount option is included in the /etc/fstab file:

  /dev/sdb1      /var           xfs defaults,pquota 0 0

• If the container storage is on a partition that is mounted by systemd, ensure that the MachineConfig object includes the following mount option as in this example:

  spec:
    config:
      ignition:
        version: 3.1.0
      storage:
        disks:
          - device: /dev/sdb
            partitions:
              - label: var
                sizeMiB: 240000
                startMiB: 0
        filesystems:
          - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
            format: xfs
            path: /var
      systemd:
        units:
          - contents: |
              [Unit]
              Before=local-fs.target
              [Mount]
              Where=/var
              What=/dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
              Options=defaults,pquota
              [Install]
              WantedBy=local-fs.target
            enabled: true
            name: var.mount

Procedure

1. Create a directory to hold the OKD installation files:

   $ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig

2. Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

   Example output

   ? SSH Public Key ...
   INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
   INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
   INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

3. Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

   Example output

   99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
   ...

4. Create a MachineConfig object and add it to a file in the openshift directory. For example, name the file 98-var-partition.yaml, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This attaches storage to a separate /var directory.

   apiVersion: machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
   kind: MachineConfig
   metadata:
     labels:
       machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
     name: 98-var-partition
   spec:
     config:
       ignition:
         version: 3.1.0
       storage:
         disks:
         - device: /dev/<device_name> (1)
           partitions:
           - sizeMiB: <partition_size>
             startMiB: <partition_start_offset> (2)
             label: var
         filesystems:
           - path: /var
             device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
             format: xfs
       systemd:
         units:
           - name: var.mount
             enabled: true
             contents: |
               [Unit]
               Before=local-fs.target
               [Mount]
               Where=/var
               What=/dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
               [Install]
               WantedBy=local-fs.target

   1

   The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.

   2

   When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of FCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.

5. Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:

   $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
   auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) systems.

Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OKD cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.

Prerequisites

• Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir=<installation_directory> (1)

      1	For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select azure as the platform to target.

      3. If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:

         • azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the id value in your account output.

         • azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the tenantId value in your account output.

         • azure service principal client id: The value of the appId parameter for the service principal.

         • azure service principal client secret: The value of the password parameter for the service principal.

      4. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.

      5. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

         All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

      7. Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site. This field is optional.

   3. Optional: If you do not want the cluster to provision compute machines, empty the compute pool by editing the resulting install-config.yaml file to set replicas to 0 for the compute pool:

      compute:
      - hyperthreading: Enabled
        name: worker
        platform: {}
        replicas: 0 (1)

      1

      Set to 0.

2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the Internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

• You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

• You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

  The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration. For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

• If your cluster is on AWS, you added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: my.domain.com
   proxy:
     httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
     httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
     noProxy: example.com (3)
   additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
       <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
       -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   ...

   1	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify an httpProxy value.
   2	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify an httpsProxy value.
   3	A comma-separated list of destination domain names, domains, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass proxy for all destinations.
   4	If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the Proxy object’s trustedCA field. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must provide the MITM CA certificate.

   The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

2. Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Exporting common variables for ARM templates

You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Microsoft Azure.

Prerequisites

• Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Export common variables found in the install-config.yaml to be used by the provided ARM templates:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=<cluster_name>(1)
   $ export AZURE_REGION=<azure_region>(2)
   $ export SSH_KEY=<ssh_key>(3)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=<base_domain>(4)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=<base_domain_resource_group>(5)

   1	The value of the .metadata.name attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   2	The region to deploy the cluster into, for example centralus. This is the value of the .platform.azure.region attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   3	The SSH RSA public key file as a string. You must enclose the SSH key in quotes since it contains spaces. This is the value of the .sshKey attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   4	The base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster. This is the value of the .baseDomain attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   5	The resource group where the public DNS zone exists. This is the value of the .platform.azure.baseDomainResourceGroupName attribute from the install-config.yaml file.

   For example:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=test-cluster
   $ export AZURE_REGION=centralus
   $ export SSH_KEY="ssh-rsa xxx/xxx/xxx= user@email.com"
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=example.com
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=ocp-cluster

2. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to make its machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to create the cluster.

Prerequisites

• You obtained the OKD installation program.

• You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir=<installation_directory> (1)

   Example output

   INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
   INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
   INFO Manifests created in: install_dir/manifests and install_dir/openshift

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml

   By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

3. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml

   Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.

4. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

   1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.

   2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.

   3. Save and exit the file.

5. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:

   apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
   kind: DNS
   metadata:
     creationTimestamp: null
     name: cluster
   spec:
     baseDomain: example.openshift.com
     privateZone: (1)
       id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
     publicZone: (1)
       id: example.openshift.com
   status: {}

   1	Remove this section completely.

   If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.

6. When configuring Azure on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must export some common variables defined in the manifest files to use later in the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates:

   1. Export the infrastructure ID by using the following command:

      $ export INFRA_ID=<infra_id> (1)

      1

      The OKD cluster has been assigned an identifier (INFRA_ID) in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>. This will be used as the base name for most resources created using the provided ARM templates. This is the value of the .status.infrastructureName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

   2. Export the resource group by using the following command:

      $ export RESOURCE_GROUP=<resource_group> (1)

      1

      All resources created in this Azure deployment exists as part of a resource group. The resource group name is also based on the INFRA_ID, in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>-rg. This is the value of the .status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

7. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir=<installation_directory> (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

   The following files are generated in the directory:

   .
   ├── auth
   │   ├── kubeadmin-password
   │   └── kubeconfig
   ├── bootstrap.ign
   ├── master.ign
   ├── metadata.json
   └── worker.ign

Creating the Azure resource group and identity

You must create a Microsoft Azure resource group and an identity for that resource group. These are both used during the installation of your OKD cluster on Azure.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the resource group in a supported Azure region:

   $ az group create --name ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION}

2. Create an Azure identity for the resource group:

   $ az identity create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity

   This is used to grant the required access to Operators in your cluster. For example, this allows the Ingress Operator to create a public IP and its load balancer. You must assign the Azure identity to a role.

3. Grant the Contributor role to the Azure identity:

   1. Export the following variables required by the Azure role assignment:

      $ export PRINCIPAL_ID=`az identity show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity --query principalId --out tsv`

      $ export RESOURCE_GROUP_ID=`az group show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query id --out tsv`

   2. Assign the Contributor role to the identity:

      $ az role assignment create --assignee "${PRINCIPAL_ID}" --role 'Contributor' --scope "${RESOURCE_GROUP_ID}"

Uploading the FCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file

The Azure client does not support deployments based on files existing locally; therefore, you must copy and store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file in a storage container so they are accessible during deployment.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create an Azure storage account to store the VHD cluster image:

   $ az storage account create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION} --name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --kind Storage --sku Standard_LRS

   The Azure storage account name must be between 3 and 24 characters in length and use numbers and lower-case letters only. If your CLUSTER_NAME variable does not follow these restrictions, you must manually define the Azure storage account name. For more information on Azure storage account name restrictions, see Resolve errors for storage account names in the Azure documentation.

2. Export the storage account key as an environment variable:

   $ export ACCOUNT_KEY=`az storage account keys list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --query "[0].value" -o tsv`

3. Choose the FCOS version to use and export the URL of its VHD to an environment variable:

   $ export VHD_URL=`curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.6/data/data/rhcos.json | jq -r .azure.url`

   The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must specify an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OKD version if it is available.

4. Copy the chosen VHD to a blob:

   $ az storage container create --name vhd --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

   $ az storage blob copy start --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} --destination-blob "rhcos.vhd" --destination-container vhd --source-uri "${VHD_URL}"

   To track the progress of the VHD copy task, run this script:

   status="unknown"
   while [ "$status" != "success" ]
   do
     status=`az storage blob show --container-name vhd --name "rhcos.vhd" --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -o tsv --query properties.copy.status`
     echo $status
   done

5. Create a blob storage container and upload the generated bootstrap.ign file:

   $ az storage container create --name files --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} --public-access blob

   $ az storage blob upload --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c "files" -f "<installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign" -n "bootstrap.ign"

Example for creating DNS zones

DNS records are required for clusters that use user-provisioned infrastructure. You should choose the DNS strategy that fits your scenario.

For this example, Azure’s DNS solution is used, so you will create a new public DNS zone for external (internet) visibility and a private DNS zone for internal cluster resolution.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the new public DNS zone in the resource group exported in the BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP environment variable:

   $ az network dns zone create -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

   You can skip this step if you are using a public DNS zone that already exists.

2. Create the private DNS zone in the same resource group as the rest of this deployment:

   $ az network private-dns zone create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

You can learn more about configuring a public DNS zone in Azure by visiting that section.

Creating a VNet in Azure

You must create a virtual network (VNet) in Microsoft Azure for your OKD cluster to use. You can customize the VNet to meet your requirements. One way to create the VNet is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the VNet section of this topic and save it as 01_vnet.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the VNet that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/01_vnet.json" \
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(1)

   1	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

3. Link the VNet template to the private DNS zone:

   $ az network private-dns link vnet create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n ${INFRA_ID}-network-link -v "${INFRA_ID}-vnet" -e false

ARM template for the VNet

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the VNet that you need for your OKD cluster:

01_vnet.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "addressPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/16",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/24",
    "nodeSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-worker-subnet')]",
    "nodeSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.1.0/24",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "name" : "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "addressSpace" : {
          "addressPrefixes" : [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('masterSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "[variables('nodeSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('nodeSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "name" : "[variables('clusterNsgName')]",
      "apiVersion" : "2018-10-01",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties" : {
        "securityRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "apiserver_in",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange" : "*",
              "destinationPortRange" : "6443",
              "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "access" : "Allow",
              "priority" : 101,
              "direction" : "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Deploying the FCOS cluster image for the Azure infrastructure

You must use a valid Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image for Microsoft Azure for your OKD nodes.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image in an Azure storage container.

• Store the bootstrap Ignition config file in an Azure storage container.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for image storage section of this topic and save it as 02_storage.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the image storage that your cluster requires.

2. Export the FCOS VHD blob URL as a variable:

   $ export VHD_BLOB_URL=`az storage blob url --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c vhd -n "rhcos.vhd" -o tsv`

3. Deploy the cluster image:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/02_storage.json" \
     --parameters vhdBlobURL="${VHD_BLOB_URL}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(2)

   1	The blob URL of the FCOS VHD to be used to create master and worker machines.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

ARM template for image storage

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the stored Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image that you need for your OKD cluster:

02_storage.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vhdBlobURL" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "URL pointing to the blob where the VHD to be used to create master and worker machines is located"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "imageName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-image')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/images",
      "name": "[variables('imageName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "storageProfile": {
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Linux",
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "blobUri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]",
            "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machines require network in initramfs during boot to fetch Ignition config from the machine config server.

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the host names of all other machines in the cluster.

Network topology requirements

The infrastructure that you provision for your cluster must meet the following network topology requirements.

Load balancers

Before you install OKD, you must provision two load balancers that meet the following requirements:

1. API load balancer: Provides a common endpoint for users, both human and machine, to interact with and configure the platform. Configure the following conditions:

   • Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP, SSL Passthrough, or SSL Bridge mode. If you use SSL Bridge mode, you must enable Server Name Indication (SNI) for the API routes.

   • A stateless load balancing algorithm. The options vary based on the load balancer implementation.

   Do not configure session persistence for an API load balancer.

   Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

   Table 4. API load balancer

   Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
   6443	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane. You must configure the /readyz endpoint for the API server health check probe.	X	X	Kubernetes API server
   22623	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane.	X		Machine config server

   The load balancer must be configured to take a maximum of 30 seconds from the time the API server turns off the /readyz endpoint to the removal of the API server instance from the pool. Within the time frame after /readyz returns an error or becomes healthy, the endpoint must have been removed or added. Probing every 5 or 10 seconds, with two successful requests to become healthy and three to become unhealthy, are well-tested values.

2. Application Ingress load balancer: Provides an Ingress point for application traffic flowing in from outside the cluster. Configure the following conditions:

   • Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP, SSL Passthrough, or SSL Bridge mode. If you use SSL Bridge mode, you must enable Server Name Indication (SNI) for the Ingress routes.

   • A connection-based or session-based persistence is recommended, based on the options available and types of applications that will be hosted on the platform.

   Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

   Table 5. Application Ingress load balancer

   Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
   443	The machines that run the Ingress router pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTPS traffic
   80	The machines that run the Ingress router pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTP traffic

Creating networking and load balancing components in Azure

You must configure networking and load balancing in Microsoft Azure for your OKD cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as 03_infra.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/03_infra.json" \
     --parameters privateDNSZoneName="${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(2)

   1	The name of the private DNS zone.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

3. Create an api DNS record in the public zone for the API public load balancer. The ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} variable must point to the resource group where the public DNS zone exists.

   1. Export the following variable:

      $ export PUBLIC_IP=`az network public-ip list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[?name=='${INFRA_ID}-master-pip'] | [0].ipAddress" -o tsv`

   2. Create the DNS record in a new public zone:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

   3. If you are adding the cluster to an existing public zone, you can create the DNS record in it instead:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

ARM template for the network and load balancers

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the networking objects and load balancers that you need for your OKD cluster:

03_infra.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "privateDNSZoneName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Name of the private DNS zone"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-pip')]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-public-lb')]",
    "masterLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "skuName": "Standard"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "public-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "publicIPAddress" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "public-lb-backend"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" :"[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/public-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/public-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('internalLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "privateIPAddressVersion" : "IPv4"
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-backend"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 22623,
              "backendPort" : 22623,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/sint-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 22623,
              "requestPath": "/healthz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api-int')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Creating the bootstrap machine in Azure

You must create the bootstrap machine in Microsoft Azure to use during OKD cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure.

• Create and configure networking and load balancers in Azure.

• Create control plane and compute roles.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

2. Export the following variables required by the bootstrap machine deployment:

   $ export BOOTSTRAP_URL=`az storage blob url --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c "files" -n "bootstrap.ign" -o tsv`
   $ export BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION=`jq -rcnM --arg v "3.1.0" --arg url ${BOOTSTRAP_URL} '{ignition:{version:$v,config:{replace:{source:$url}}}}' | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

3. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/04_bootstrap.json" \
     --parameters bootstrapIgnition="${BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION}" \ (1)
     --parameters sshKeyData="${SSH_KEY}" \ (2)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" (3)

   1	The bootstrap Ignition content for the bootstrap cluster.
   2	The SSH RSA public key file as a string.
   3	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

ARM template for the bootstrap machine

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OKD cluster:

04_bootstrap.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "bootstrapIgnition" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Bootstrap ignition content for the bootstrap cluster"
      }
    },
    "sshKeyData" : {
      "type" : "securestring",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "SSH RSA public key file as a string."
      }
    },
    "bootstrapVMSize" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "Standard_D4s_v3",
      "allowedValues" : [
        "Standard_A2",
        "Standard_A3",
        "Standard_A4",
        "Standard_A5",
        "Standard_A6",
        "Standard_A7",
        "Standard_A8",
        "Standard_A9",
        "Standard_A10",
        "Standard_A11",
        "Standard_D2",
        "Standard_D3",
        "Standard_D4",
        "Standard_D11",
        "Standard_D12",
        "Standard_D13",
        "Standard_D14",
        "Standard_D2_v2",
        "Standard_D3_v2",
        "Standard_D4_v2",
        "Standard_D5_v2",
        "Standard_D8_v3",
        "Standard_D11_v2",
        "Standard_D12_v2",
        "Standard_D13_v2",
        "Standard_D14_v2",
        "Standard_E2_v3",
        "Standard_E4_v3",
        "Standard_E8_v3",
        "Standard_E16_v3",
        "Standard_E32_v3",
        "Standard_E64_v3",
        "Standard_E2s_v3",
        "Standard_E4s_v3",
        "Standard_E8s_v3",
        "Standard_E16s_v3",
        "Standard_E32s_v3",
        "Standard_E64s_v3",
        "Standard_G1",
        "Standard_G2",
        "Standard_G3",
        "Standard_G4",
        "Standard_G5",
        "Standard_DS2",
        "Standard_DS3",
        "Standard_DS4",
        "Standard_DS11",
        "Standard_DS12",
        "Standard_DS13",
        "Standard_DS14",
        "Standard_DS2_v2",
        "Standard_DS3_v2",
        "Standard_DS4_v2",
        "Standard_DS5_v2",
        "Standard_DS11_v2",
        "Standard_DS12_v2",
        "Standard_DS13_v2",
        "Standard_DS14_v2",
        "Standard_GS1",
        "Standard_GS2",
        "Standard_GS3",
        "Standard_GS4",
        "Standard_GS5",
        "Standard_D2s_v3",
        "Standard_D4s_v3",
        "Standard_D8s_v3"
      ],
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The size of the Bootstrap Virtual Machine"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-public-lb')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "sshKeyPath" : "/home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "identityName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-identity')]",
    "vmName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-bootstrap')]",
    "nicName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-nic')]",
    "imageName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-image')]",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]",
    "sshPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-ssh-pip')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "name" : "[variables('nicName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "ipConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "pipConfig",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
              },
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools" : [
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/public-lb-backend')]"
                },
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "name" : "[variables('vmName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "identity" : {
        "type" : "userAssigned",
        "userAssignedIdentities" : {
          "[resourceID('Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/', variables('identityName'))]" : {}
        }
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "hardwareProfile" : {
          "vmSize" : "[parameters('bootstrapVMSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile" : {
          "computerName" : "[variables('vmName')]",
          "adminUsername" : "core",
          "customData" : "[parameters('bootstrapIgnition')]",
          "linuxConfiguration" : {
            "disablePasswordAuthentication" : true,
            "ssh" : {
              "publicKeys" : [
                {
                  "path" : "[variables('sshKeyPath')]",
                  "keyData" : "[parameters('sshKeyData')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "storageProfile" : {
          "imageReference": {
            "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/images', variables('imageName'))]"
          },
          "osDisk" : {
            "name": "[concat(variables('vmName'),'_OSDisk')]",
            "osType" : "Linux",
            "createOption" : "FromImage",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB" : 100
          }
        },
        "networkProfile" : {
          "networkInterfaces" : [
            {
              "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('nicName'))]"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-06-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules",
      "name" : "[concat(variables('clusterNsgName'), '/bootstrap_ssh_in')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines', variables('vmName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "protocol" : "Tcp",
        "sourcePortRange" : "*",
        "destinationPortRange" : "22",
        "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "access" : "Allow",
        "priority" : 100,
        "direction" : "Inbound"
      }
    }
  ]
}