B.4. 预置文件的内容(buster)

本附录使用的配置片段还放在预置例子文件 https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/example-preseed.txt 里面。

请注意，这里的例子是基于 Intel x86 架构的安装过程。如果您安装到其他架构，其中的一些例子(像键盘选择和 bootloader 安装)可能不恰当，需要用适合您架构的 debconf 设置替换。

有关不同 Debian 安装程序模块的工作细节，请参阅 第 6.3 节 “使用单独的组件”。

B.4.1. 本地化

During a normal install the questions about localization are asked first, so these values can only be preseeded via the initrd or kernel boot parameter methods. Auto mode (第 B.2.3 节 “auto 模式”) includes the setting of auto-install/enable=true (normally via the auto preseed alias). This delays the asking of the localisation questions, so that they can be preseeded by any method.

locale 用于指定语言和国家或者任何 debian-installer 支持的语言与地区的组合。如果组合起来的不是有效的 locale，安装程序会自动选择一个指定语言可用的 locale。要在引导参数上指定本地，比如使用 locale=*`en_US`*。

虽然这个方法很容易使用，但它无法预置所有的语言、国家和地方组合[22]。因此另一种方法是单独预置各值。语言和国家可以在引导参数里面指定。

  1. # Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
  2. d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
  4. # The values can also be preseeded individually for greater flexibility.
  5. #d-i debian-installer/language string en
  6. #d-i debian-installer/country string NL
  7. #d-i debian-installer/locale string en_GB.UTF-8
  8. # Optionally specify additional locales to be generated.
  9. #d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, nl_NL.UTF-8

键盘配置包括选择的 keymap 和(对于非拉丁 keymap)切换键，该键用于非拉丁和 US keymap 来回切换。安装的时候只有几种基本的 keymap 可用。高级的要在安装好的系统下才能使用，使用 dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration 配置。

  1. # Keyboard selection.
  2. d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
  3. # d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No toggling

使用 skip-config 可以跳过键盘预置 keymap。这将导致内核 keymap 保持活动。

B.4.2. 网络设置

显而易见，预置网络设置对于从网络加载预置文件无效。但对从 CD 和 U 盘引导很有帮助。如果您计划从网络加载预置文件，应该使用传递网络设置给内核引导参数的方式。

如果您需要网络引导从网络加载预置文件前指定网卡，请用这种引导参数 interface=*`eth1`*。

虽然使用网络预置(用 “preseed/url”)通常并不能配置网络，但是您可以使用下面的技巧实现。例如，为网卡设置静态地址。它使加载了预置文件以后网络预置再运行一次，这需要将下面的命令包含在 “preseed/run” 脚本里面：

  1. kill-all-dhcp; netcfg

下面的 debconf 变量与网络配置相关。

  1. # Disable network configuration entirely. This is useful for cdrom
  2. # installations on non-networked devices where the network questions,
  3. # warning and long timeouts are a nuisance.
  4. #d-i netcfg/enable boolean false
  6. # netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
  7. # skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.
  8. d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
  10. # To pick a particular interface instead:
  11. #d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1
  13. # To set a different link detection timeout (default is 3 seconds).
  14. # Values are interpreted as seconds.
  15. #d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10
  17. # If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for
  18. # it, this might be useful.
  19. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
  20. #d-i netcfg/dhcpv6_timeout string 60
  22. # If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and
  23. # the static network configuration below.
  24. #d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
  26. # If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and
  27. # without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network
  28. # configuration below.
  29. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
  30. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually
  32. # Static network configuration.
  33. #
  34. # IPv4 example
  35. #d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42
  36. #d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
  37. #d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
  38. #d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
  39. #d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
  40. #
  41. # IPv6 example
  42. #d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string fc00::2
  43. #d-i netcfg/get_netmask string ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
  44. #d-i netcfg/get_gateway string fc00::1
  45. #d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string fc00::1
  46. #d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
  48. # Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over
  49. # values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions
  50. # from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.
  51. d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname
  52. d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain
  54. # If you want to force a hostname, regardless of what either the DHCP
  55. # server returns or what the reverse DNS entry for the IP is, uncomment
  56. # and adjust the following line.
  57. #d-i netcfg/hostname string somehost
  59. # Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.
  60. d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
  61. # The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.
  62. #d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish
  64. # If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can
  65. # configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or
  66. # change to false to disable asking.
  67. #d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true

请注意，如果 netcfg/get_netmask 没有预置，netcfg 将自动侦测掩码。这种情况下，为了自动安装，变量需要标记为 seen。同样，如果 netcfg/get_gateway 没有设置，netcfg 将自动选择一个合适的地址。特殊情况下，您可以设置 netcfg/get_gateway 为 “none” 确定不使用网关。

B.4.3. 网络控制台

  1. # Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console
  2. # component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you
  3. # intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.
  4. #d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console
  5. #d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url string http://10.0.0.1/openssh-key
  6. #d-i network-console/password password r00tme
  7. #d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme

B.4.4. 镜像设置

根据您使用的安装方式，镜像可用于下载安装程序的额外组件、安装基本系统以及为所安装的系统建立 /etc/apt/sources.list。

参数 mirror/suite 决定了安装好的系统使用的套件。

参数 mirror/udeb/suite 决定安装程序使用的额外组件的套件。它只在组件通过网络下载并与安装时使用的 initrd 建立套件相匹配时才有效。通常安装程序会自动安装并使用正确的值而毋需手动设置。

  1. # If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.
  2. #d-i mirror/protocol string ftp
  3. d-i mirror/country string manual
  4. d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org
  5. d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
  6. d-i mirror/http/proxy string
  8. # Suite to install.
  9. #d-i mirror/suite string testing
  10. # Suite to use for loading installer components (optional).
  11. #d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing

B.4.5. 帐号设置

The password for the root account and name and password for a first regular user’s account can be preseeded. For the passwords you can use either clear text values or crypt(3) hashes.

[警告]警告

Be aware that preseeding passwords is not completely secure as everyone with access to the preconfiguration file will have the knowledge of these passwords. Storing hashed passwords is considered secure unless a weak hashing algorithm like DES or MD5 is used which allow for bruteforce attacks. Recommended password hashing algorithms are SHA-256 and SHA512.

  1. # Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to
  2. # use sudo).
  3. #d-i passwd/root-login boolean false
  4. # Alternatively, to skip creation of a normal user account.
  5. #d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
  7. # Root password, either in clear text
  8. #d-i passwd/root-password password r00tme
  9. #d-i passwd/root-password-again password r00tme
  10. # or encrypted using a crypt(3)  hash.
  11. #d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]
  13. # To create a normal user account.
  14. #d-i passwd/user-fullname string Debian User
  15. #d-i passwd/username string debian
  16. # Normal user's password, either in clear text
  17. #d-i passwd/user-password password insecure
  18. #d-i passwd/user-password-again password insecure
  19. # or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.
  20. #d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [crypt(3) hash]
  21. # Create the first user with the specified UID instead of the default.
  22. #d-i passwd/user-uid string 1010
  24. # The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To
  25. # override that, use this.
  26. #d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video

passwd/root-password-crypted 和 passwd/user-password-crypted 值可以使用 “!” 作为他们的预置值。这种情况下，对应的帐号关闭。它常用于 root 帐号，用其他替代方法允许管理或 root 登录(例如使用 SSH key 认证或 sudo)。

The following command (available from the whois package) can be used to generate a SHA-512 based crypt(3) hash for a password:

  1. mkpasswd -m sha-512

B.4.6. 时钟与时区设置

  1. # Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.
  2. d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
  4. # You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of
  5. # /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.
  6. d-i time/zone string US/Eastern
  8. # Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install
  9. d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
  10. # NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.
  11. #d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com

B.4.7. 分区

使用预置进行硬盘分区受限于 partman-auto 提供的支持。您可以选择使用磁盘上已有的空闲分区或者整个磁盘。磁盘的布局将取决于所使用的预定义方案，用户自定义的方案文件或预置文件包含的方案。

已经支持包括 RAID、LVM 和加密高级分区设置的预置，但对于非预置安装的分区仍然弹性不足。

下面的例子仅提供了使用方案的最基本信息。详细的内容清参考文件 partman-auto-recipe.txt 和 partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt，它们含在 debian-installer 软件包里。这两个文件也可以从 debian-installer source repository获取。注意不同发布版支持的功能会有所改变。

[警告]警告

磁盘的标识基于对应驱动加载的次序。如果系统里面有多个磁盘，要确定预置使用了正确的那一个。

B.4.7.1. 分区示例

  1. # If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.
  2. # This is only honoured if partman-auto/method (below) is not set.
  3. #d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free
  5. # Alternatively, you may specify a disk to partition. If the system has only
  6. # one disk the installer will default to using that, but otherwise the device
  7. # name must be given in traditional, non-devfs format (so e.g. /dev/sda
  8. # and not e.g. /dev/discs/disc0/disc).
  9. # For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:
  10. #d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
  11. # In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.
  12. # The presently available methods are:
  13. # - regular: use the usual partition types for your architecture
  14. # - lvm:     use LVM to partition the disk
  15. # - crypto:  use LVM within an encrypted partition
  16. d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
  18. # You can define the amount of space that will be used for the LVM volume
  19. # group. It can either be a size with its unit (eg. 20 GB), a percentage of
  20. # free space or the 'max' keyword.
  21. d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
  23. # If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned
  24. # contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a
  25. # warning. This can be preseeded away...
  26. d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
  27. # The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:
  28. d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
  29. # And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.
  30. d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
  31. d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
  33. # You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:
  34. # - atomic: all files in one partition
  35. # - home:   separate /home partition
  36. # - multi:  separate /home, /var, and /tmp partitions
  37. d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
  39. # Or provide a recipe of your own...
  40. # If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can
  41. # just point at it.
  42. #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe
  44. # If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in one
  45. # (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable
  46. # swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:
  47. #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string                         \
  48. #      boot-root ::                                            \
  49. #              40 50 100 ext3                                  \
  50. #                      $primary{ } $bootable{ }                \
  51. #                      method{ format } format{ }              \
  52. #                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }    \
  53. #                      mountpoint{ /boot }                     \
  54. #              .                                               \
  55. #              500 10000 1000000000 ext3                       \
  56. #                      method{ format } format{ }              \
  57. #                      use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext3 }    \
  58. #                      mountpoint{ / }                         \
  59. #              .                                               \
  60. #              64 512 300% linux-swap                          \
  61. #                      method{ swap } format{ }                \
  62. #              .
  64. # The full recipe format is documented in the file partman-auto-recipe.txt
  65. # included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source
  66. # repository. This also documents how to specify settings such as file
  67. # system labels, volume group names and which physical devices to include
  68. # in a volume group.
  70. # This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided
  71. # that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.
  72. d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
  73. d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
  74. d-i partman/confirm boolean true
  75. d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
  77. # When disk encryption is enabled, skip wiping the partitions beforehand.
  78. #d-i partman-auto-crypto/erase_disks boolean false

B.4.7.2. 使用 RAID 分区

您可以使用预置来建立软 RAID 阵列。支持 RAID 等级 0、1、5、6 和 10，建立降级阵列(degraded arrays)和指定额外设备。

如果是使用 RAID 1，您可以预置 grub 安装所有的阵列中的设备; 参见 第 B.4.11 节 “安装 bootloader”。

[警告]警告

这种自动分区方式很容易出错。debian-installer 开发人员对它的功能只进行了相对较少的测试。让各种方案都正确(有意义而不冲突)的责任在于用户。如果您遇到问题，检查一下 /var/log/syslog。

  1. # The method should be set to "raid".
  2. #d-i partman-auto/method string raid
  3. # Specify the disks to be partitioned. They will all get the same layout,
  4. # so this will only work if the disks are the same size.
  5. #d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda /dev/sdb
  7. # Next you need to specify the physical partitions that will be used. 
  8. #d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
  9. #      multiraid ::                                         \
  10. #              1000 5000 4000 raid                          \
  11. #                      $primary{ } method{ raid }           \
  12. #              .                                            \
  13. #              64 512 300% raid                             \
  14. #                      method{ raid }                       \
  15. #              .                                            \
  16. #              500 10000 1000000000 raid                    \
  17. #                      method{ raid }                       \
  18. #              .
  20. # Last you need to specify how the previously defined partitions will be
  21. # used in the RAID setup. Remember to use the correct partition numbers
  22. # for logical partitions. RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10 are supported;
  23. # devices are separated using "#".
  24. # Parameters are:
  25. # <raidtype> <devcount> <sparecount> <fstype> <mountpoint> \
  26. #          <devices> <sparedevices>
  28. #d-i partman-auto-raid/recipe string \
  29. #    1 2 0 ext3 /                    \
  30. #          /dev/sda1#/dev/sdb1       \
  31. #    .                               \
  32. #    1 2 0 swap -                    \
  33. #          /dev/sda5#/dev/sdb5       \
  34. #    .                               \
  35. #    0 2 0 ext3 /home                \
  36. #          /dev/sda6#/dev/sdb6       \
  37. #    .
  39. # For additional information see the file partman-auto-raid-recipe.txt
  40. # included in the 'debian-installer' package or available from D-I source
  41. # repository.
  43. # This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation.
  44. d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
  45. d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
  46. d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
  47. d-i partman/confirm boolean true
  48. d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

B.4.7.3. 分区挂载控制

文件系统一般使用 UUID 作为关键字挂载; 这使得在设备名变更的情况下仍然可以正常挂载。UUID 本身很长不容易阅读，因此，安装程序也可以依照您的意愿使用传统设备名或者指定标签(label)挂载文件系统。假如安装程序使用标签方式，那些没有标签的文件系统仍然使用 UUID 方式挂载。

具有固定名称的设备，比如 LVM 逻辑卷，将继续使用它们自己的名字而不是 UUID 方式挂载。

[警告]警告

传统设备名会根据内核在引导时发现的次序进行调整，这将导致挂载错误的文件系统。与此类似，假如您插入一个新磁盘或 USB 设备，标签也可能有冲突发生。这样系统启动后会出现一些随机的情况。

  1. # The default is to mount by UUID, but you can also choose "traditional" to
  2. # use traditional device names, or "label" to try filesystem labels before
  3. # falling back to UUIDs.
  4. #d-i partman/mount_style select uuid

B.4.8. 基本系统安装

本阶段的安装并没有多少东西需要预置。仅有一个与内核安装相关的问题。

  1. # Configure APT to not install recommended packages by default. Use of this
  2. # option can result in an incomplete system and should only be used by very
  3. # experienced users.
  4. #d-i base-installer/install-recommends boolean false
  6. # The kernel image (meta) package to be installed; "none" can be used if no
  7. # kernel is to be installed.
  8. #d-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-image-686

B.4.9. 设置 apt

设置 /etc/apt/sources.list 和其他的基本配置选项，将自动地基于您使用的安装方式以及前面问题的回答。您也可以选择性地安装其他(或本地)的仓库。

  1. # You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.
  2. #d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true
  3. #d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true
  4. # Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.
  5. #d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false
  6. # Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.
  7. # Values shown below are the normal defaults.
  8. #d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
  9. #d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org
  11. # Additional repositories, local[0-9] available
  12. #d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string \
  13. #       http://local.server/debian stable main
  14. #d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server
  15. # Enable deb-src lines
  16. #d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true
  17. # URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or
  18. # apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the
  19. # sources.list line will be left commented out
  20. #d-i apt-setup/local0/key string http://local.server/key
  22. # By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated
  23. # using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that
  24. # authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.
  25. #d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated boolean true
  27. # Uncomment this to add multiarch configuration for i386
  28. #d-i apt-setup/multiarch string i386

B.4.10. 选择软件包

您可以选择安装存在的任务的组合。本文编撰时已有的任务包括：

  • standard (standard tools)

  • desktop (graphical desktop)

  • gnome-desktop (Gnome desktop)

  • xfce-desktop (XFCE desktop)

  • kde-desktop (KDE Plasma desktop)

  • cinnamon-desktop (Cinnamon desktop)

  • mate-desktop (MATE desktop)

  • lxde-desktop (LXDE desktop)

  • web-server (web server)

  • print-server (print server)

  • ssh-server (SSH server)

您可以不选任务，并用其他方法安装一系列软件包。我们推荐选上 standard 任务。

如果您打算安装一些安装任务之外的独立软件包，可以使用参数 pkgsel/include。该参数的值可以是用逗号或空格分开的软件包列表，便于在内核命令行上使用。

  1. #tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, web-server, kde-desktop
  3. # Individual additional packages to install
  4. #d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential
  5. # Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.
  6. # Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade
  7. #d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none
  9. # Some versions of the installer can report back on what software you have
  10. # installed, and what software you use. The default is not to report back,
  11. # but sending reports helps the project determine what software is most
  12. # popular and include it on CDs.
  13. #popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false

B.4.11. 安装 bootloader

  1. # Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed
  2. # instead, uncomment this:
  3. #d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true
  4. # To also skip installing lilo, and install no bootloader, uncomment this
  5. # too:
  6. #d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true
  9. # This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR
  10. # if no other operating system is detected on the machine.
  11. d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
  13. # This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if it also finds some other
  14. # OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.
  15. d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
  17. # Due notably to potential USB sticks, the location of the MBR can not be
  18. # determined safely in general, so this needs to be specified:
  19. #d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string /dev/sda
  20. # To install to the first device (assuming it is not a USB stick):
  21. #d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string default
  23. # Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,
  24. # uncomment and edit these lines:
  25. #d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false
  26. #d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false
  27. #d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,1)
  28. # To install grub to multiple disks:
  29. #d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,1) (hd1,1) (hd2,1)
  31. # Optional password for grub, either in clear text
  32. #d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme
  33. #d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme
  34. # or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).
  35. #d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
  37. # Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
  38. # installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
  39. # Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
  40. #d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb

grub 使用的密码 MD5 值可以使用 grub-md5-crypt 生成，或者使用 第 B.4.5 节 “帐号设置” 例子中的命令。

B.4.12. 完成安装

  1. # During installations from serial console, the regular virtual consoles
  2. # (VT1-VT6) are normally disabled in /etc/inittab. Uncomment the next
  3. # line to prevent this.
  4. #d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true
  6. # Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
  7. d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
  9. # This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot,
  10. # which is useful in some situations.
  11. #d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false
  13. # This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not
  14. # reboot into the installed system.
  15. #d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true
  16. # This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.
  17. #d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true

B.4.13. 预置其他的软件包

  1. # Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong
  2. # during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may
  3. # be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every
  4. # possible question that could be asked during an install, do an
  5. # installation, and then run these commands:
  6. #   debconf-get-selections --installer > file
  7. #   debconf-get-selections >> file

[22] 比如预置 locale 为 en_NL 在安装后的系统中默认的 locale 将是 en_US.UTF-8。如果想使用 en_GB.UTF-8，该值应该分别进行预置。