SQLite 语法

SQLite 是遵循一套独特的称为语法的规则和准则。本教程列出了所有基本的 SQLite 语法,向您提供了一个 SQLite 快速入门。

大小写敏感性

有个重要的点值得注意,SQLite 是不区分大小写的,但也有一些命令是大小写敏感的,比如 GLOBglob 在 SQLite 的语句中有不同的含义。

注释

SQLite 注释是附加的注释,可以在 SQLite 代码中添加注释以增加其可读性,他们可以出现在任何空白处,包括在表达式内和其他 SQL 语句的中间,但它们不能嵌套。

SQL 注释以两个连续的 “-“ 字符(ASCII 0x2d)开始,并扩展至下一个换行符(ASCII 0x0a)或直到输入结束,以先到者为准。

您也可以使用 C 风格的注释,以 “/“ 开始,并扩展至下一个 “/“ 字符对或直到输入结束,以先到者为准。SQLite的注释可以跨越多行。

  1. sqlite>.help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite 语句

所有的 SQLite 语句可以以任何关键字开始,如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等,所有的语句以分号(;)结束。

SQLite ANALYZE 语句:

  1. ANALYZE;
  2. or
  3. ANALYZE database_name;
  4. or
  5. ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句:

  1. ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句(Rename):

  1. ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句:

  1. ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句:

  1. BEGIN;
  2. or
  3. BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT 语句:

  1. COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句:

  1. CREATE INDEX index_name
  2. ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句:

  1. CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
  2. ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句:

  1. CREATE TABLE table_name(
  2. column1 datatype,
  3. column2 datatype,
  4. column3 datatype,
  5. .....
  6. columnN datatype,
  7. PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
  8. );

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句:

  1. CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name
  2. BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
  3. BEGIN
  4. stmt1;
  5. stmt2;
  6. ....
  7. END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句:

  1. CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
  2. SELECT statement....;

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句:

  1. CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
  2. or
  3. CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句:

  1. COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT 子句:

  1. SELECT COUNT(column_name)
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 语句:

  1. DELETE FROM table_name
  2. WHERE {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句:

  1. DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT 子句:

  1. SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX 语句:

  1. DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE 语句:

  1. DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW 语句:

  1. DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句:

  1. DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

SQLite EXISTS 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 语句:

  1. EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
  2. or
  3. EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句:

  1. SELECT SUM(column_name)
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION
  4. GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句:

  1. SELECT SUM(column_name)
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION
  4. GROUP BY column_name
  5. HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 语句:

  1. INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
  2. VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION
  4. ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 语句:

  1. PRAGMA pragma_name;
  2. For example:
  3. PRAGMA page_size;
  4. PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
  5. PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句:

  1. RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX 语句:

  1. REINDEX collation_name;
  2. REINDEX database_name.index_name;
  3. REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 语句:

  1. ROLLBACK;
  2. or
  3. ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句:

  1. SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT 语句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name;

SQLite UPDATE 语句:

  1. UPDATE table_name
  2. SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
  3. [ WHERE CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 语句:

  1. VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE 子句:

  1. SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  2. FROM table_name
  3. WHERE CONDITION;