SQLite Having 子句

HAVING 子句允许指定条件来过滤将出现在最终结果中的分组结果。

WHERE 子句在所选列上设置条件,而 HAVING 子句则在由 GROUP BY 子句创建的分组上设置条件。

语法

下面是 HAVING 子句在 SELECT 查询中的位置:

  1. SELECT
  2. FROM
  3. WHERE
  4. GROUP BY
  5. HAVING
  6. ORDER BY

在一个查询中,HAVING 子句必须放在 GROUP BY 子句之后,必须放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。下面是包含 HAVING 子句的 SELECT 语句的语法:

  1. SELECT column1, column2
  2. FROM table1, table2
  3. WHERE [ conditions ]
  4. GROUP BY column1, column2
  5. HAVING [ conditions ]
  6. ORDER BY column1, column2

实例

假设 COMPANY 表有以下记录:

  1. ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
  2. ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  3. 1 Paul 32 California 20000.0
  4. 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
  5. 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
  6. 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
  7. 5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
  8. 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0
  9. 7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
  10. 8 Paul 24 Houston 20000.0
  11. 9 James 44 Norway 5000.0
  12. 10 James 45 Texas 5000.0

下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数小于 2 的所有记录:

  1. sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;

这将产生以下结果:

  1. ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
  2. ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  3. 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000
  4. 5 David 27 Texas 85000
  5. 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000
  6. 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000
  7. 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000

下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数大于 2 的所有记录:

  1. sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 2;

这将产生以下结果:

  1. ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
  2. ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  3. 10 James 45 Texas 5000