前言
本文就是简单介绍下 Async 语法编译后的代码。
Async
- const fetchData = (data) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000, data + 1))
- const fetchValue = async function () {
- var value1 = await fetchData(1);
- var value2 = await fetchData(value1);
- var value3 = await fetchData(value2);
- console.log(value3)
- };
- fetchValue();
- // 大约 3s 后输出 4
Babel
我们直接在 Babel 官网的 Try it out 粘贴上述代码,然后查看代码编译成什么样子:
- "use strict";
- function _asyncToGenerator(fn) {
- return function() {
- var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments);
- return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
- function step(key, arg) {
- try {
- var info = gen[key](arg);
- var value = info.value;
- } catch (error) {
- reject(error);
- return;
- }
- if (info.done) {
- resolve(value);
- } else {
- return Promise.resolve(value).then(
- function(value) {
- step("next", value);
- },
- function(err) {
- step("throw", err);
- }
- );
- }
- }
- return step("next");
- });
- };
- }
- var fetchData = function fetchData(data) {
- return new Promise(function(resolve) {
- return setTimeout(resolve, 1000, data + 1);
- });
- };
- var fetchValue = (function() {
- var _ref = _asyncToGenerator(
- /*#__PURE__*/ regeneratorRuntime.mark(function _callee() {
- var value1, value2, value3;
- return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(
- function _callee$(_context) {
- while (1) {
- switch ((_context.prev = _context.next)) {
- case 0:
- _context.next = 2;
- return fetchData(1);
- case 2:
- value1 = _context.sent;
- _context.next = 5;
- return fetchData(value1);
- case 5:
- value2 = _context.sent;
- _context.next = 8;
- return fetchData(value2);
- case 8:
- value3 = _context.sent;
- console.log(value3);
- case 10:
- case "end":
- return _context.stop();
- }
- }
- },
- _callee,
- this
- );
- })
- );
- return function fetchValue() {
- return _ref.apply(this, arguments);
- };
- })();
- fetchValue();
_asyncToGenerator
regeneratorRuntime 相关的代码我们在 《ES6 系列之 Babel 将 Generator 编译成了什么样子》 中已经介绍过了,这次我们重点来看看 _asyncToGenerator 函数:
- function _asyncToGenerator(fn) {
- return function() {
- var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments);
- return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
- function step(key, arg) {
- try {
- var info = gen[key](arg);
- var value = info.value;
- } catch (error) {
- reject(error);
- return;
- }
- if (info.done) {
- resolve(value);
- } else {
- return Promise.resolve(value).then(
- function(value) {
- step("next", value);
- },
- function(err) {
- step("throw", err);
- }
- );
- }
- }
- return step("next");
- });
- };
- }
以上这段代码主要是用来实现 generator 的自动执行以及返回 Promise。
当我们执行 fetchValue()
的时候,执行的其实就是 _asyncToGenerator
返回的这个匿名函数,在匿名函数中,我们执行了
- var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments);
这一步就相当于执行 Generator 函数,举个例子:
- function* helloWorldGenerator() {
- yield 'hello';
- yield 'world';
- return 'ending';
- }
- var hw = helloWorldGenerator();
var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments)
就相当于 var hw = helloWorldGenerator();
,返回的 gen 是一个具有 next()、throw()、return() 方法的对象。
然后我们返回了一个 Promise 对象,在 Promise 中,我们执行了 step("next"),step 函数中会执行:
- try {
- var info = gen[key](arg);
- var value = info.value;
- } catch (error) {
- reject(error);
- return;
- }
step("next") 就相当于 var info = gen.next()
,返回的 info 对象是一个具有 value 和 done 属性的对象:
- {value: Promise, done: false}
接下来又会执行:
- if (info.done) {
- resolve(value);
- } else {
- return Promise.resolve(value).then(
- function(value) {
- step("next", value);
- },
- function(err) {
- step("throw", err);
- }
- );
- }
value 此时是一个 Promise,Promise.resolve(value) 依然会返回这个 Promise,我们给这个 Promise 添加了一个 then 函数,用于在 Promise 有结果时执行,有结果时又会执行 step("next", value)
,从而使得 Generator 继续执行,直到 info.done
为 true,才会 resolve(value)
。
不完整但可用的代码
- (function() {
- var ContinueSentinel = {};
- var mark = function(genFun) {
- var generator = Object.create({
- next: function(arg) {
- return this._invoke("next", arg);
- }
- });
- genFun.prototype = generator;
- return genFun;
- };
- function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self) {
- var generator = Object.create(outerFn.prototype);
- var context = {
- done: false,
- method: "next",
- next: 0,
- prev: 0,
- sent: undefined,
- abrupt: function(type, arg) {
- var record = {};
- record.type = type;
- record.arg = arg;
- return this.complete(record);
- },
- complete: function(record, afterLoc) {
- if (record.type === "return") {
- this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
- this.method = "return";
- this.next = "end";
- }
- return ContinueSentinel;
- },
- stop: function() {
- this.done = true;
- return this.rval;
- }
- };
- generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, context);
- return generator;
- }
- function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, context) {
- var state = "start";
- return function invoke(method, arg) {
- if (state === "completed") {
- return { value: undefined, done: true };
- }
- context.method = method;
- context.arg = arg;
- while (true) {
- state = "executing";
- if (context.method === "next") {
- context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;
- }
- var record = {
- type: "normal",
- arg: innerFn.call(self, context)
- };
- if (record.type === "normal") {
- state = context.done ? "completed" : "yield";
- if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
- continue;
- }
- return {
- value: record.arg,
- done: context.done
- };
- }
- }
- };
- }
- window.regeneratorRuntime = {};
- regeneratorRuntime.wrap = wrap;
- regeneratorRuntime.mark = mark;
- })();
- "use strict";
- function _asyncToGenerator(fn) {
- return function() {
- var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments);
- return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
- function step(key, arg) {
- try {
- var info = gen[key](arg);
- var value = info.value;
- } catch (error) {
- reject(error);
- return;
- }
- if (info.done) {
- resolve(value);
- } else {
- return Promise.resolve(value).then(
- function(value) {
- step("next", value);
- },
- function(err) {
- step("throw", err);
- }
- );
- }
- }
- return step("next");
- });
- };
- }
- var fetchData = function fetchData(data) {
- return new Promise(function(resolve) {
- return setTimeout(resolve, 1000, data + 1);
- });
- };
- var fetchValue = (function() {
- var _ref = _asyncToGenerator(
- /*#__PURE__*/
- regeneratorRuntime.mark(function _callee() {
- var value1, value2, value3;
- return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(
- function _callee$(_context) {
- while (1) {
- switch ((_context.prev = _context.next)) {
- case 0:
- _context.next = 2;
- return fetchData(1);
- case 2:
- value1 = _context.sent;
- _context.next = 5;
- return fetchData(value1);
- case 5:
- value2 = _context.sent;
- _context.next = 8;
- return fetchData(value2);
- case 8:
- value3 = _context.sent;
- console.log(value3);
- case 10:
- case "end":
- return _context.stop();
- }
- }
- },
- _callee,
- this
- );
- })
- );
- return function fetchValue() {
- return _ref.apply(this, arguments);
- };
- })();
- fetchValue();
请原谅我水了一篇文章……
ES6 系列
ES6 系列目录地址:https://github.com/mqyqingfeng/Blog
ES6 系列预计写二十篇左右,旨在加深 ES6 部分知识点的理解,重点讲解块级作用域、标签模板、箭头函数、Symbol、Set、Map 以及 Promise 的模拟实现、模块加载方案、异步处理等内容。
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