Reverse Words in a String
Tags: String, Medium
Question
- leetcode: Reverse Words in a String
- lintcode: Reverse Words in a String
Problem Statement
Given an input string, reverse the string word by word.
For example,
Given s = “the sky is blue
“,
return “blue is sky the
“.
Update (2015-02-12):
For C programmers: Try to solve it in-place in O(1) space.
Clarification:
What constitutes a word?
A sequence of non-space characters constitutes a word.Could the input string contain leading or trailing spaces?
Yes. However, your reversed string should not contain leading or trailing
spaces.How about multiple spaces between two words?
Reduce them to a single space in the reversed string.
题解
- 由第一个提问可知:题中只有空格字符和非空格字符之分,因此空格字符应为其一关键突破口。
- 由第二个提问可知:输入的前导空格或者尾随空格在反转后应去掉。
- 由第三个提问可知:两个单词间的多个空格字符应合并为一个或删除掉。
首先找到各个单词(以空格隔开),根据题目要求,单词应从后往前依次放入。split 后从后往前加入空格返回即可。如果不使用 split 的话正向取出比较麻烦,因此可尝试采用逆向思维——先将输入字符串数组中的单词从后往前逆序取出,取出单词后即翻转并append至新字符串数组。在append之前加入空格即可,即两次翻转法。
Python
class Solution(object):
def reverseWords(self, s):
"""
:type s: str
:rtype: str
"""
return ' '.join(reversed(s.strip().split()))
C++
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param s : A string
* @return : A string
*/
string reverseWords(string s) {
if (s.empty()) {
return s;
}
string s_ret, s_temp;
string::size_type ix = s.size();
while (ix != 0) {
s_temp.clear();
while (!isspace(s[--ix])) {
s_temp.push_back(s[ix]);
if (ix == 0) {
break;
}
}
if (!s_temp.empty()) {
if (!s_ret.empty()) {
s_ret.push_back(' ');
}
std::reverse(s_temp.begin(), s_temp.end());
s_ret.append(s_temp);
}
}
return s_ret;
}
};
Java
public class Solution {
public String reverseWords(String s) {
if (s == null || s.trim().isEmpty()) {
return "";
}
String[] words = s.split(" ");
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = words.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (!words[i].isEmpty()) {
sb.append(words[i]).append(" ");
}
}
return sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 1);
}
}
源码分析
- 首先处理异常,s 为空或者空白字符串时直接返回空。
- 如果首先排除掉空白字符串则后面不需要为长度为0单独考虑。
- Java 中使用 StringBuilder 效率更高。
空间复杂度为 O(1) 的解法?
- 处理异常及特殊情况
- 处理多个空格及首尾空格
- 记住单词的头尾指针,翻转之
- 整体翻转