Compare Strings
Tags: Basic Implementation, String, LintCode Copyright, Easy
Question
- lintcode: Compare Strings
Problem Statement
Compare two strings A and B, determine whether A contains all of the
characters in B.
The characters in string A and B are all Upper Case letters.
Notice
The characters of B in A are not necessary continuous or ordered.
Example
For A = "ABCD"
, B = "ACD"
, return true
.
For A = "ABCD"
, B = "AABC"
, return false
.
题解
题 Two Strings Are Anagrams 的变形题。题目意思是问B中的所有字符是否都在A中,而不是单个字符。比如B=”AABC”包含两个「A」,而A=”ABCD”只包含一个「A」,故返回false. 做题时注意题意,必要时可向面试官确认。
既然不是类似 strstr 那样的匹配,直接使用两重循环就不太合适了。题目中另外给的条件则是A和B都是全大写单词,理解题意后容易想到的方案就是先遍历 A 和 B 统计各字符出现的频次,然后比较频次大小即可。嗯,祭出万能的哈希表。
Python
class Solution:
"""
@param A : A string includes Upper Case letters
@param B : A string includes Upper Case letters
@return : if string A contains all of the characters in B return True else return False
"""
def compareStrings(self, A, B):
letters = collections.defaultdict(int)
for a in A:
letters[a] += 1
for b in B:
letters[b] -= 1
if b not in letters or letters[b] < 0:
return False
return True
C++
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param A: A string includes Upper Case letters
* @param B: A string includes Upper Case letter
* @return: if string A contains all of the characters in B return true
* else return false
*/
bool compareStrings(string A, string B) {
if (A.size() < B.size()) return false;
const int UPPER_NUM = 26;
int letter_cnt[UPPER_NUM] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i != A.size(); ++i) {
++letter_cnt[A[i] - 'A'];
}
for (int i = 0; i != B.size(); ++i) {
--letter_cnt[B[i] - 'A'];
if (letter_cnt[B[i] - 'A'] < 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
};
Java
public class Solution {
/**
* @param A : A string includes Upper Case letters
* @param B : A string includes Upper Case letter
* @return : if string A contains all of the characters in B return true else return false
*/
public boolean compareStrings(String A, String B) {
if (A == null || B == null) return false;
if (A.length() < B.length()) return false;
final int UPPER_NUM = 26;
int[] letter_cnt = new int[UPPER_NUM];
for (int i = 0; i < A.length(); i++) {
letter_cnt[A.charAt(i) - 'A']++;
}
for (int i = 0; i < B.length(); i++) {
letter_cnt[B.charAt(i) - 'A']--;
if (letter_cnt[B.charAt(i) - 'A'] < 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
}
源码分析
Python 的dict
就是hash, 所以 Python 在处理需要用到 hash 的地方非常方便。collections 提供的数据结构非常实用,不过复杂度分析起来要麻烦些。
- 异常处理,B 的长度大于 A 时必定返回
false
, 包含了空串的特殊情况。 - 使用额外的辅助空间,统计各字符的频次。
复杂度分析
遍历一次 A 字符串,遍历一次 B 字符串,时间复杂度最坏 O(n), 空间复杂度为 O(1).