Overview

Kratos has a series of built-in middleware to deal with common purpose such as logging or metrics. You could also implement Middleware interface to develop your custom middleware to process common business such as the user authentication etc.

Built-in Middleware

Their codes are located in middleware directory.

• logging: This middleware is for logging the request.
• metrics: This middleware is for enabling metric.
• recovery: This middleware is for panic recovery.
• tracing: This middleware is for enabling trace.
• validate: This middleware is for parameter validation.
• metadata: This middleware is for enabling metadata transmission.
• auth: This middleware is for authority check using JWT.
• ratelimit: This middleware is for traffic control in server side.
• circuitbreaker: This middleware is for breaker control in client side.

Effective Sequence

The execution sequence of the request is the sequence of Middleware registration, and the execution sequence of the response returned is the reverse of the registration sequence.That is a First In, Last Out (FILO).

         ┌───────────────────┐
         │MIDDLEWARE 1       │
         │ ┌────────────────┐│
         │ │MIDDLEWARE 2    ││
         │ │ ┌─────────────┐││
         │ │ │MIDDLEWARE 3 │││
         │ │ │ ┌─────────┐ │││
REQUEST  │ │ │ │  YOUR   │ │││  RESPONSE
   ──────┼─┼─┼─▷ HANDLER ○─┼┼┼───▷
         │ │ │ └─────────┘ │││
         │ │ └─────────────┘││
         │ └────────────────┘│
         └───────────────────┘

Usage

Register it with ServerOption in NewGRPCServer or NewHTTPServer.

For example:

// http
// define opts
var opts = []http.ServerOption{
    http.Middleware(
        recovery.Recovery(),
        tracing.Server(),
        logging.Server(),
    ),
}
// create server
http.NewServer(opts...)
//grpc
var opts = []grpc.ServerOption{
        grpc.Middleware(
            recovery.Recovery(),
            status.Server(),
            tracing.Server(),
            logging.Server(),
        ),
    }
// create server
grpc.NewServer(opts...)

Modify Middleware

Need to implement the Middleware interface.

In the middleware, you can use tr, ok := transport.FromServerContext(ctx) to get the Transporter instance to access metadata about the interface.

Example:

import (
    "context"
    "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware"
    "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport"
)
func Middleware1() middleware.Middleware {
    return func(handler middleware.Handler) middleware.Handler {
        return func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (reply interface{}, err error) {
            if tr, ok := transport.FromServerContext(ctx); ok {
                // Do something on entering
                defer func() {
                // Do something on exiting
                 }()
            }
            return handler(ctx, req)
        }
    }
}

Custom Middleware

Customized middleware for specific routes:

• server: selector.Server(ms...)
• client: selector.Client(ms...)

Matching rule (multi parameter):

• Path(path...): path match
• Regex(regex...): regex match
• Prefix(prefix...): prefix path match
• Match(fn): function match, The function format is func(ctx context.Context,operation string) bool. operation is path,If the return value is true,match successful, ctx for transport.FromServerContext(ctx) or transport.FromClientContext(ctx get Transporter).

http server

import "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/selector"
http.Middleware(
            selector.Server(recovery.Recovery(), tracing.Server(),testMiddleware).
                Path("/hello.Update/UpdateUser", "/hello.kratos/SayHello").
                Regex(`/test.hello/Get[0-9]+`).
                Prefix("/kratos.", "/go-kratos.", "/helloworld.Greeter/").
                Build(),
        )

http client

import "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/selector"
http.WithMiddleware(
            selector.Client(recovery.Recovery(), tracing.Server(),testMiddleware).
                Path("/hello.Update/UpdateUser", "/hello.kratos/SayHello").
                Regex(`/test.hello/Get[0-9]+`).
                Prefix("/kratos.", "/go-kratos.", "/helloworld.Greeter/").
                Match(func(ctx context.Context,operation string) bool {
                    if strings.HasPrefix(operation, "/go-kratos.dev") || strings.HasSuffix(operation, "world") {
                        return true
                    }
                    tr, ok := transport.FromClientContext(ctx)
                    if !ok {
                        return false
                    }
                    if tr.RequestHeader().Get("go-kratos") == "kratos" {
                        return true
                    }
                    return false
                }).Build(),
        )

grpc server

import "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/selector"
grpc.Middleware(
            selector.Server(recovery.Recovery(), tracing.Server(),testMiddleware).
                Path("/hello.Update/UpdateUser", "/hello.kratos/SayHello").
                Regex(`/test.hello/Get[0-9]+`).
                Prefix("/kratos.", "/go-kratos.", "/helloworld.Greeter/").
                Build(),
        )

grpc client

import "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/selector"
grpc.Middleware(
            selector.Client(recovery.Recovery(), tracing.Server(),testMiddleware).
                Path("/hello.Update/UpdateUser", "/hello.kratos/SayHello").
                Regex(`/test.hello/Get[0-9]+`).
                Prefix("/kratos.", "/go-kratos.", "/helloworld.Greeter/").
                Build(),
        )

Note: the customized middleware matches through operation, not is the HTTP routing ! ! !

operation is the unified GRC path of HTTP and GRC.

operation find

gRPC path’s splicing rule is /package.Service/Method.

For example, in the following proto file，if we want to call the sayhello method, then the operation is /helloworld.Greeter/SayHello.

syntax = "proto3";
package helloworld;
import "google/api/annotations.proto";
option go_package = "github.com/go-kratos/examples/helloworld/helloworld";
// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply)  {
        option (google.api.http) = {
            get: "/helloworld/{name}",
        };
  }
}
// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}
// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}