浏览器与 DOM API

The Kotlin/JS standard library lets you access browser-specific functionality using the kotlinx.browser package, which includes typical top-level objects such as document and window. The standard library provides typesafe wrappers for the functionality exposed by these objects wherever possible. As a fallback, the dynamic type is used to provide interaction with functions that do not map well into the Kotlin type system.

Interaction with the DOM

For interaction with the Document Object Model (DOM), you can use the variable document. For example, you can set the background color of our website through this object:

  1. document.bgColor = "FFAA12"

The document object also provides you a way to retrieve a specific element by ID, name, class name, tag name and so on. All returned elements are of type Element?. To access their properties, you need to cast them to their appropriate type. For example, assume that you have an HTML page with an email <input> field:

  1. <body>
  2.     <input type="text" name="email" id="email"/>
  4.     <script type="text/javascript" src="tutorial.js"></script>
  5. </body>

Note that your script is included at the bottom of the body tag. This ensures that the DOM is fully available before the script is loaded.

With this setup, you can access elements of the DOM. To access the properties of the input field, invoke getElementById and cast it to HTMLInputElement. You can then safely access its properties, such as value:

  1. val email = document.getElementById("email") as HTMLInputElement
  2. email.value = "[email protected]"

Much like you reference this input element, you can access other elements on the page, casting them to the appropriate types.

To see how to create and structure elements in the DOM in a concise way, check out the Typesafe HTML DSL.