远程访问遥测插件
- 配置远程访问
  - 方式 1：安全访问（HTTPS）
  - 方式 2：不安全访问（HTTP）
- 清理

远程访问遥测插件

此任务说明如何配置 Istio 以暴露和访问集群外部的遥测插件。

配置远程访问

远程访问遥测插件的方式有很多种。该任务涵盖了两种基本访问方式：安全的（通过 HTTPS）和不安全的（通过 HTTP）。对于任何生产或敏感环境，强烈建议通过安全方式访问。不安全访问易于设置，但是无法保护在集群外传输的任何凭据或数据。

对于这两种方式，首先请执行以下步骤：

在您的集群中安装 Istio。

要安装额外的遥测插件，请参考集成文档。
设置域名暴露这些插件。在此示例中，您将在子域名 grafana.example.com 上暴露每个插件。
- 如果您有一个域名（例如 example.com）指向 istio-ingressgateway 的外部 IP 地址：
```
$ export INGRESS_DOMAIN="example.com"
```
- 如果您没有域名，您可以使用 nip.io，它将自动解析为提供的 IP 地址，这种方式不建议用于生产用途。
```
$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
$ export INGRESS_DOMAIN=${INGRESS_HOST}.nip.io
```

方式 1：安全访问（HTTPS）

安全访问需要一个服务器证书。按照这些步骤来为您的域名安装并配置服务器证书。

本方式只涵盖了传输层的安全。您还应该配置遥测插件，使其暴露在外部时需要身份验证。

此示例使用自签名证书，这可能不适合生产用途。针对生产环境，请考虑使用 cert-manager 或其他工具来配置证书。您还可以参阅使用 HTTPS 保护网关任务，了解有关在网关上使用 HTTPS 的基本信息。

设置证书，此示例使用 openssl 进行自签名。

$ CERT_DIR=/tmp/certs
$ mkdir -p ${CERT_DIR}
$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj "/O=example Inc./CN=*.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}" -keyout ${CERT_DIR}/ca.key -out ${CERT_DIR}/ca.crt
$ openssl req -out ${CERT_DIR}/cert.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout ${CERT_DIR}/tls.key -subj "/CN=*.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}/O=example organization"
$ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA ${CERT_DIR}/ca.crt -CAkey ${CERT_DIR}/ca.key -set_serial 0 -in ${CERT_DIR}/cert.csr -out ${CERT_DIR}/tls.crt
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls telemetry-gw-cert --key=${CERT_DIR}/tls.key --cert=${CERT_DIR}/tls.crt

应用遥测插件的网络配置。

应用以下配置以暴露 Grafana：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: grafana-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 443
      name: https-grafana
      protocol: HTTPS
    tls:
      mode: SIMPLE
      credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
    hosts:
    - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: grafana-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - grafana-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: grafana
        port:
          number: 3000
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: grafana
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/grafana-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/grafana-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/grafana created

应用以下配置以暴露 Kiali：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: kiali-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 443
      name: https-kiali
      protocol: HTTPS
    tls:
      mode: SIMPLE
      credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
    hosts:
    - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: kiali-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - kiali-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: kiali
        port:
          number: 20001
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: kiali
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: kiali
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/kiali-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/kiali-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/kiali created

应用以下配置以暴露 Prometheus：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: prometheus-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 443
      name: https-prom
      protocol: HTTPS
    tls:
      mode: SIMPLE
      credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
    hosts:
    - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: prometheus-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - prometheus-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: prometheus
        port:
          number: 9090
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: prometheus
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/prometheus-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/prometheus-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/prometheus created

应用以下配置以暴露跟踪服务：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: tracing-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 443
      name: https-tracing
      protocol: HTTPS
    tls:
      mode: SIMPLE
      credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
    hosts:
    - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tracing-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - tracing-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: tracing
        port:
          number: 80
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: tracing
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: tracing
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/tracing-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/tracing-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/tracing created

通过浏览器访问这些遥测插件。

如果您使用了自签名的证书，您的浏览器可能将其标记为不安全的。
- Kiali：https://kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Prometheus：https://prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Grafana：https://grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Tracing：https://tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}

方式 2：不安全访问（HTTP）

应用遥测插件的网络配置。

应用以下配置以暴露 Grafana：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: grafana-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http-grafana
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: grafana-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - grafana-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: grafana
        port:
          number: 3000
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: grafana
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/grafana-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/grafana-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/grafana created

应用以下配置以暴露 Kiali：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: kiali-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http-kiali
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: kiali-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - kiali-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: kiali
        port:
          number: 20001
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: kiali
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: kiali
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/kiali-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/kiali-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/kiali created

应用以下配置以暴露 Prometheus：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: prometheus-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http-prom
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: prometheus-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - prometheus-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: prometheus
        port:
          number: 9090
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: prometheus
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/prometheus-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/prometheus-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/prometheus created

应用以下配置以暴露跟踪服务：

$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: tracing-gateway
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http-tracing
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: tracing-vs
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  hosts:
  - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
  gateways:
  - tracing-gateway
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: tracing
        port:
          number: 80
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: tracing
  namespace: istio-system
spec:
  host: tracing
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: DISABLE
---
EOF
gateway.networking.istio.io/tracing-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/tracing-vs created
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/tracing created

通过浏览器访问这些遥测插件。
- Kiali：http://kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Prometheus：http://prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Grafana：http://grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
- Tracing：http://tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}

清理

移除所有相关的 Gateway：

$ kubectl -n istio-system delete gateway grafana-gateway kiali-gateway prometheus-gateway tracing-gateway
gateway.networking.istio.io "grafana-gateway" deleted
gateway.networking.istio.io "kiali-gateway" deleted
gateway.networking.istio.io "prometheus-gateway" deleted
gateway.networking.istio.io "tracing-gateway" deleted

移除所有相关的 Virtual Service：

$ kubectl -n istio-system delete virtualservice grafana-vs kiali-vs prometheus-vs tracing-vs
virtualservice.networking.istio.io "grafana-vs" deleted
virtualservice.networking.istio.io "kiali-vs" deleted
virtualservice.networking.istio.io "prometheus-vs" deleted
virtualservice.networking.istio.io "tracing-vs" deleted

移除所有相关的 Destination Rule：

$ kubectl -n istio-system delete destinationrule grafana kiali prometheus tracing
destinationrule.networking.istio.io "grafana" deleted
destinationrule.networking.istio.io "kiali" deleted
destinationrule.networking.istio.io "prometheus" deleted
destinationrule.networking.istio.io "tracing" deleted