Oracle兼容-语法-DATETIME加减运算
1. 语法
SELECT SYSDATE + 1 FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE - 1 FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE - SYSDATE FROM DUAL;
2. 定义和用法
在GreatSQL中支持对 DATETIME
类型数据做加减运算,例如增加1秒、1天,使用该运算行为模式需要切换到ORACLE模式下。
- 只支持加减运算,不支持其他运算类型。
- 对
TIME
类型运算前,会先被转换成DATETIME
类型。 - 会先将时间戳的值转换为日期值,并将
NUMBER
算术日期时间和间隔表达式中的常量解释为天数。 - 年份范围为:[0,9999],不支持公元前的年份,溢出时将返回NULL,并产生warning。
- 当计算结果包含无限循环小数时,默认只保留10位,即:
div_precincrement
选项默认值(4) + 6 = 10。 - 对YEAR类型加减运算时,默认转换将失败而无法运算时,会返回NULL , 并产生warning。
greatsql> SET sql_mode = ORACLE;
-- 例1:多个查询结果集合并,或者数值作为查询条件时
greatsql> SELECT TO_DATE('00:00:00','HH24:MI:SS') - TO_DATE('00:00:01','HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT TO_DATE('00:00:00','HH24:MI:SS') - TO_DATE('00:00:01','HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| to_date('00:00:00','HH24:MI:SS') - to_date('00:00:01','HH24:MI:SS') |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| -0.0000115741 |
| -0.0000115741 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 例2:在单一查询计算结果作为字符串展示的时候,保留小数位长度不再限制保留10位
greatsql> SELECT TO_DATE('00:00:00','HH24:MI:SS') - TO_DATE('00:00:01','HH24:MI:SS');
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| to_date('00:00:00','HH24:MI:SS') - to_date('00:00:01','HH24:MI:SS') |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| -0.000011574074074074 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
DATETIME类型运算兼容矩阵
Operand & Operator | DATETIME | TIMESTAMP | TIME | NUMBER |
---|---|---|---|---|
DATETIME | - | - | - | - |
+ | - | - | - | DATETIME |
— | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DATETIME |
- | - | - | - | |
/ | - | - | - | - |
TIMESTAMP | - | - | - | - |
+ | - | - | - | TIMESTAMP |
- | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | TIMESTAMP |
- | - | - | - | |
/ | - | - | - | - |
DATE | ||||
+ | - | - | - | DATETIME |
- | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DATETIME |
- | - | - | - | |
/ | - | - | - | - |
TIME | - | - | - | |
+ | - | - | - | DATETIME |
- | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DECIMAL | DATETIME |
- | - | - | - | |
/ | - | - | - | - |
NUMBER | - | - | - | - |
+ | DATETIME | TIMESTAMP | DATETIME | NA |
- | DATETIME | TIMESTAMP | DATETIME | NA |
* | - | - | - | NA |
/ | - | - | - | NA |
上表是 DATETIME
类型算术运算的兼容矩阵,破折号代表不支持的操作。
3. 与Oracle差异说明
- 默认日期差异日期保留精度不一致,在GreatSQL中默认保留10位小数精度,而Oracle中根据不同的精度数据不一样。
- 时间范围最大与最小范围不一致。在GreatSQL中年份范围是 [0,9999],而Oracle中的范围是 [-4713,9999]。
- 加减字符串运算行为不同,例如字符串’a’,在Oracle中转换失败将会报错,而在GreatSQL中将转换为 ‘0’ 并产生警告,之后再进行运算。
- 在GreatSQL中,
TIMESTAMP - TIMESTAMP
返回的结果是DECIMAL
类型, Oracle 中返回INTERVAL
类型。
4. 示例
greatsql> SET sql_mode = ORACLE;
greatsql> SET TIMESTAMP = 1;
-- +1/2 等同于 +12小时
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE +1/2 ;
+----------------------------+
| SYSDATE +1/2 |
+----------------------------+
| 1970-01-01 12:00:01.000000 |
+----------------------------+
-- 等同于 +1天
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE +1 ;
+----------------------------+
| SYSDATE +1 |
+----------------------------+
| 1970-01-02 00:00:01.000000 |
+----------------------------+
-- 等同于 -1 天
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE -1 ;
+----------------------------+
| SYSDATE -1 |
+----------------------------+
| 1969-12-31 00:00:01.000000 |
+----------------------------+
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE - SYSDATE;
+-------------------+
| SYSDATE - SYSDATE |
+-------------------+
| 0 |
+-------------------+
-- 将'a'转换成'0'后再运算,并产生warning
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE + 'a';
+----------------------------+
| SYSDATE + 'a' |
+----------------------------+
| 1970-01-01 00:00:01.000000 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
greatsql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+---------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: 'a' |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------+
-- 不支持 乘/除 运算,
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE * 10;
ERROR 7038 (42000): in oracle_mode: date * LONGLONG not allowed
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE / 10;
ERROR 7038 (42000): in oracle_mode: date / LONGLONG not allowed
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE + SYSDATE;
ERROR 7038 (42000): in oracle_mode: date + DATETIME not allowed
greatsql> SELECT SYSDATE + 1000000000000;
+-------------------------+
| SYSDATE + 1000000000000 |
+-------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
greatsql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1441 | Datetime function: datetime field overflow |
+---------+------+--------------------------------------------+
-- 无法对YEAR做运算
greatsql> SELECT CAST(2023 AS YEAR) + 1;
+------------------------+
| CAST(2023 AS YEAR) + 1 |
+------------------------+
| NULL |
+------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
greatsql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+----------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------+
| Warning | 1292 | Incorrect datetime value: '2023' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------+
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