04.部署 etcd 集群
etcd 是基于 Raft 的分布式 key-value 存储系统,由 CoreOS 开发,常用于服务发现、共享配置以及并发控制(如 leader 选举、分布式锁等)。kubernetes 使用 etcd 存储所有运行数据。
本文档介绍部署一个三节点高可用 etcd 集群的步骤:
- 下载和分发 etcd 二进制文件;
- 创建 etcd 集群各节点的 x509 证书,用于加密客户端(如 etcdctl) 与 etcd 集群、etcd 集群之间的数据流;
- 创建 etcd 的 systemd unit 文件,配置服务参数;
- 检查集群工作状态;
etcd 集群各节点的名称和 IP 如下:
- m7-demo-136001:172.27.136.1
- m7-demo-136002:172.27.136.2
- m7-demo-136003:172.27.136.3
下载和分发 etcd 二进制文件
到 https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases 页面下载最新版本的发布包:
cd /opt/k8s/work
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.9/etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
分发二进制文件到集群所有节点:
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64/etcd* root@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin
ssh root@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
创建 etcd 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求:
cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.27.136.1",
"172.27.136.2",
"172.27.136.3"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 etcd 节点 IP 或域名列表,这里将 etcd 集群的三个节点 IP 都列在其中;
生成证书和私钥:
cd /opt/k8s/work
cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls etcd*pem
分发生成的证书和私钥到各 etcd 节点:
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert"
scp etcd*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/etcd/cert/
scp /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/etcd/cert/
done
创建 etcd 的 systemd unit 模板文件
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > etcd.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=${ETCD_DATA_DIR}
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/etcd \\
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \\
--wal-dir=${ETCD_WAL_DIR} \\
--name=##NODE_NAME## \\
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-client-cert-auth \\
--client-cert-auth \\
--listen-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_NODES} \\
--initial-cluster-state=new \\
--auto-compaction-mode=periodic \\
--auto-compaction-retention=1 \\
--max-request-bytes=33554432 \\
--quota-backend-bytes=6442450944 \\
--heartbeat-interval=250 \\
--election-timeout=2000
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
WorkingDirectory
、--data-dir
:指定工作目录和数据目录为${ETCD_DATA_DIR}
,需在启动服务前创建这个目录;--wal-dir
:指定 wal 目录,为了提高性能,一般使用 SSD 或者和data-dir
不通的磁盘;--name
:指定节点名称,当--initial-cluster-state
值为new
时,--name
的参数值必须位于--initial-cluster
列表中;--cert-file
、--key-file
:etcd server 与 client 通信时使用的证书和私钥;--trusted-ca-file
:签名 client 证书的 CA 证书,用于验证 client 证书;--peer-cert-file
、--peer-key-file
:etcd 与 peer 通信使用的证书和私钥;--peer-trusted-ca-file
:签名 peer 证书的 CA 证书,用于验证 peer 证书;--quota-backend-bytes=6442450944
:设置为最大 6GB,最大为 8GB;--auto-compaction-retention=1
:每 1 小时压缩一次,提高性能,节省磁盘空间;--heartbeat-interva=250
、--election-timeout=2000
:磁盘性能低的情况下,增加时间间隔和超时时间;
为各节点创建和分发 etcd systemd unit 文件
替换模板文件中的变量,为各节点创建 systemd unit 文件:
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" etcd.service.template > etcd-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls etcd-*.service
- NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组,分别为节点名称和对应的 IP;
分发生成的 systemd unit 文件:
cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${ETCD_DATA_DIR} ${ETCD_WAL_DIR}"
scp etcd-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
done
- 必须先创建 etcd 数据目录和工作目录;
- 文件重命名为 etcd.service;
完整 unit 文件见:etcd.service
启动 etcd 服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd"
ssh root@${node_ip} "nohup systemctl restart etcd &>/dev/null &"
done
- etcd 进程首次启动时会等待其它节点的 etcd 加入集群,命令
systemctl start etcd
会卡住一段时间,为正常现象。
检查启动结果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status etcd|grep Active"
done
确保状态为 active (running)
,否则查看日志,确认原因:
$ journalctl -u etcd
验证服务状态
部署完 etcd 集群后,在任一 etc 节点上执行如下命令:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://${node_ip}:2379 \
--cacert=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem endpoint health
done
预期输出:
>>> 172.27.136.1
https://172.27.136.1:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.752718ms
>>> 172.27.136.2
https://172.27.136.2:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 5.709898ms
>>> 172.27.136.3
https://172.27.136.3:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 2.057555ms
输出均为 healthy
时表示集群服务正常。
查看当前的 leader
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl \
-w table --cacert=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} endpoint status
输出:
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| https://172.27.136.1:2379 | f3ebc028ed75e1d5 | 3.3.8 | 133 MB | false | 1046 | 15855129 |
| https://172.27.136.2:2379 | b6c6ce02ecf2d0e5 | 3.3.8 | 134 MB | false | 1046 | 15855129 |
| https://172.27.136.3:2379 | fe52f375f370dc54 | 3.3.8 | 133 MB | true | 1046 | 15855130 |
+----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+
[root@m7-power-k8s01 ~]#
- 可见,当前的 leader 为 172.27.136.3;