Variable

This document focuses on currently supported variables.

Variables in Doris refer to variable settings in MySQL. However, some of the variables are only used to be compatible with some MySQL client protocols, and do not produce their actual meaning in the MySQL database.

Variable setting and viewing

View

All or specified variables can be viewed via SHOW VARIABLES [LIKE 'xxx'];. Such as:

SHOW VARIABLES;
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%time_zone%';

Settings

Some variables can be set at global-level or session-only. For global-level, the set value will be used in subsequent new session connections. For session-only, the variable only works for the current session.

For session-only, set by the SET var_name=xxx; statement. Such as:

SET exec_mem_limit = 137438953472;
SET forward_to_master = true;
SET time_zone = "Asia/Shanghai";

For global-level, set by SET GLOBAL var_name=xxx;. Such as:

SET GLOBAL exec_mem_limit = 137438953472

Note 1: Only ADMIN users can set variable at global-level. Note 2: Global-level variables do not affect variable values in the current session, only variables in new sessions.

Variables that support both session-level and global-level setting include:

• time_zone
• wait_timeout
• sql_mode
• is_report_success
• query_timeout
• exec_mem_limit
• batch_size
• parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num
• parallel_exchange_instance_num
• allow_partition_column_nullable
• insert_visible_timeout_ms

Variables that support only global-level setting include:

• default_rowset_type

At the same time, variable settings also support constant expressions. Such as:

SET exec_mem_limit = 10 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
SET forward_to_master = concat('tr', 'u', 'e');

Set variables in the query statement

In some scenarios, we may need to set variables specifically for certain queries. The SET_VAR hint sets the session value of a system variable temporarily (for the duration of a single statement). Examples:

SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(exec_mem_limit = 8589934592) */ name FROM people ORDER BY name;
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(query_timeout = 1) */ sleep(3);

Note that the comment must start with /*+ and can only follow the SELECT.

Supported variables

• SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL

  Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.

• auto_increment_increment

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• autocommit

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• batch_size

  Used to specify the number of rows of a single packet transmitted by each node during query execution. By default, the number of rows of a packet is 1024 rows. That is, after the source node generates 1024 rows of data, it is packaged and sent to the destination node.

  A larger number of rows will increase the throughput of the query in the case of scanning large data volumes, but may increase the query delay in small query scenario. At the same time, it also increases the memory overhead of the query. The recommended setting range is 1024 to 4096.

• character_set_client

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• character_set_connection

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• character_set_results

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• character_set_server

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• codegen_level

  Used to set the level of LLVM codegen. (Not currently in effect).

• collation_connection

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• collation_database

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• collation_server

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• delete_without_partition

  When set to true. When using the delete command to delete partition table data, no partition is required. The delete operation will be automatically applied to all partitions.

  Note, however, that the automatic application to all partitions may cause the delete command to take a long time to trigger a large number of subtasks and cause a long time. If it is not necessary, it is not recommended to turn it on.

• disable_colocate_join

  Controls whether the [Colocation Join] (./colocation-join.md) function is enabled. The default is false, which means that the feature is enabled. True means that the feature is disabled. When this feature is disabled, the query plan will not attempt to perform a Colocation Join.

• disable_streaming_preaggregations

  Controls whether streaming pre-aggregation is turned on. The default is false, which is enabled. Currently not configurable and enabled by default.

• enable_insert_strict

  Used to set the strict mode when loading data via INSERT statement. The default is false, which means that the strict mode is not turned on. For an introduction to this mode, see [here] (./load-data/insert-into-manual.md).

• enable_spilling

  Used to set whether to enable external sorting. The default is false, which turns off the feature. This feature is enabled when the user does not specify a LIMIT condition for the ORDER BY clause and also sets enable_spilling to true. When this feature is enabled, the temporary data is stored in the doris-scratch/ directory of the BE data directory and the temporary data is cleared after the query is completed.

  This feature is mainly used for sorting operations with large amounts of data using limited memory.

  Note that this feature is experimental and does not guarantee stability. Please turn it on carefully.

• exec_mem_limit

  Used to set the memory limit for a single query. The default is 2GB, you can set it in B/K/KB/M/MB/G/GB/T/TB/P/PB, the default is B.

  This parameter is used to limit the memory that can be used by an instance of a single query fragment in a query plan. A query plan may have multiple instances, and a BE node may execute one or more instances. Therefore, this parameter does not accurately limit the memory usage of a query across the cluster, nor does it accurately limit the memory usage of a query on a single BE node. The specific needs need to be judged according to the generated query plan.

  Usually, only some blocking nodes (such as sorting node, aggregation node, and join node) consume more memory, while in other nodes (such as scan node), data is streamed and does not occupy much memory.

  When a Memory Exceed Limit error occurs, you can try to increase the parameter exponentially, such as 4G, 8G, 16G, and so on.

• forward_to_master

  The user sets whether to forward some commands to the Master FE node for execution. The default is false, which means no forwarding. There are multiple FE nodes in Doris, one of which is the Master node. Usually users can connect to any FE node for full-featured operation. However, some of detail information can only be obtained from the Master FE node.

  For example, the SHOW BACKENDS; command, if not forwarded to the Master FE node, can only see some basic information such as whether the node is alive, and forwarded to the Master FE to obtain more detailed information including the node startup time and the last heartbeat time.

  The commands currently affected by this parameter are as follows:

  1. SHOW FRONTEND;

     Forward to Master to view the last heartbeat information.

  2. SHOW BACKENDS;

     Forward to Master to view startup time, last heartbeat information, and disk capacity information.

  3. SHOW BROKERS;

     Forward to Master to view the start time and last heartbeat information.

  4. SHOW TABLET;/ADMIN SHOW REPLICA DISTRIBUTION;/ADMIN SHOW REPLICA STATUS;

     Forward to Master to view the tablet information stored in the Master FE metadata. Under normal circumstances, the tablet information in different FE metadata should be consistent. When a problem occurs, this method can be used to compare the difference between the current FE and Master FE metadata.

  5. SHOW PROC;

     Forward to Master to view information about the relevant PROC stored in the Master FE metadata. Mainly used for metadata comparison.

• init_connect Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• interactive_timeout

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• is_report_success

  Used to set whether you need to view the profile of the query. The default is false, which means no profile is required.

  By default, the BE sends a profile to the FE for viewing errors only if an error occurs in the query. A successful query will not send a profile. Sending a profile will incur a certain amount of network overhead, which is detrimental to a high concurrent query scenario.

  When the user wants to analyze the profile of a query, the query can be sent after this variable is set to true. After the query is finished, you can view the profile on the web page of the currently connected FE:

  fe_host:fe_http:port/query

  It will display the most recent 100 queries which is_report_success is set to true.

• language

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• license

  Show Doris’s license. No other effect.

• load_mem_limit

  Used to specify the memory limit of the load operation. The default is 0, which means that this variable is not used, and exec_mem_limit is used as the memory limit for the load operation.

  This variable is usually used for INSERT operations. Because the INSERT operation has both query and load part. If the user does not set this variable, the respective memory limits of the query and load part are exec_mem_limit. Otherwise, the memory of query part of INSERT is limited to exec_mem_limit, and the load part is limited toload_mem_limit.

  For other load methods, such as BROKER LOAD, STREAM LOAD, the memory limit still uses exec_mem_limit.

• lower_case_table_names

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. Cannot be set. Table names in current Doris are case sensitive by default.

• max_allowed_packet

  Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.

• max_pushdown_conditions_per_column

  For the specific meaning of this variable, please refer to the description of max_pushdown_conditions_per_column in BE Configuration. This variable is set to -1 by default, which means that the configuration value in be.conf is used. If the setting is greater than 0, the query in the current session will use the variable value, and ignore the configuration value in be.conf.

• max_scan_key_num

  For the specific meaning of this variable, please refer to the description of doris_max_scan_key_num in BE Configuration. This variable is set to -1 by default, which means that the configuration value in be.conf is used. If the setting is greater than 0, the query in the current session will use the variable value, and ignore the configuration value in be.conf.

• net_buffer_length

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• net_read_timeout

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• net_write_timeout

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• parallel_exchange_instance_num

  Used to set the number of exchange nodes used by an upper node to receive data from the lower node in the execution plan. The default is -1, which means that the number of exchange nodes is equal to the number of execution instances of the lower nodes (default behavior). When the setting is greater than 0 and less than the number of execution instances of the lower node, the number of exchange nodes is equal to the set value.

  In a distributed query execution plan, the upper node usually has one or more exchange nodes for receiving data from the execution instances of the lower nodes on different BEs. Usually the number of exchange nodes is equal to the number of execution instances of the lower nodes.

  In some aggregate query scenarios, if the amount of data to be scanned at the bottom is large, but the amount of data after aggregation is small, you can try to modify this variable to a smaller value, which can reduce the resource overhead of such queries. Such as the scenario of aggregation query on the DUPLICATE KEY data model.

• parallel_fragment_exec_instance_num

  For the scan node, set its number of instances to execute on each BE node. The default is 1.

  A query plan typically produces a set of scan ranges, the range of data that needs to be scanned. These data are distributed across multiple BE nodes. A BE node will have one or more scan ranges. By default, a set of scan ranges for each BE node is processed by only one execution instance. When the machine resources are abundant, you can increase the variable and let more execution instances process a set of scan ranges at the same time, thus improving query efficiency.

  The number of scan instances determines the number of other execution nodes in the upper layer, such as aggregate nodes and join nodes. Therefore, it is equivalent to increasing the concurrency of the entire query plan execution. Modifying this parameter will help improve the efficiency of large queries, but larger values will consume more machine resources, such as CPU, memory, and disk IO.

• query_cache_size

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• query_cache_type

  Used for compatible JDBC connection pool C3P0. No practical effect.

• query_timeout

  Used to set the query timeout. This variable applies to all query statements in the current connection, as well as INSERT statements. The default is 5 minutes, in seconds.

• resource_group

  Not used.

• sql_mode

  Used to specify SQL mode to accommodate certain SQL dialects. For the SQL mode, see [here] (./sql-mode.md).

• sql_safe_updates

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• sql_select_limit

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• system_time_zone

  Displays the current system time zone. Cannot be changed.

• time_zone

  Used to set the time zone of the current session. The time zone has an effect on the results of certain time functions. For the time zone, see [here] (./time-zone.md).

• tx_isolation

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• version

  Used for compatibility with MySQL clients. No practical effect.

• performance_schema

  Used for compatibility with MySQL JDBC 8.0.16 or later version. No practical effect.

• version_comment

  Used to display the version of Doris. Cannot be changed.

• wait_timeout

  The length of the connection used to set up an idle connection. When an idle connection does not interact with Doris for that length of time, Doris will actively disconnect the link. The default is 8 hours, in seconds.

• default_rowset_type

  Used for setting the default storage format of Backends storage engine. Valid options: alpha/beta

• use_v2_rollup

  Used to control the sql query to use segment v2 rollup index to get data. This variable is only used for validation when upgrading to segment v2 feature. Otherwise, not recommended to use.

• rewrite_count_distinct_to_bitmap_hll

  Whether to rewrite count distinct queries of bitmap and HLL types as bitmap_union_count and hll_union_agg.

• prefer_join_method

  When choosing the join method(broadcast join or shuffle join), if the broadcast join cost and shuffle join cost are equal, which join method should we prefer.

  Currently, the optional values for this variable are “broadcast” or “shuffle”.

• allow_partition_column_nullable

  Whether to allow the partition column to be NULL when creating the table. The default is true, which means NULL is allowed. false means the partition column must be defined as NOT NULL.

• insert_visible_timeout_ms

  When execute insert statement, doris will wait for the transaction to commit and visible after the import is completed. This parameter controls the timeout of waiting for transaction to be visible. The default value is 10000, and the minimum value is 1000.