背景

psql 可谓是最强大的数据库命令行客户端：

支持丰富的LIST对象信息的功能（包括数据库、权限、类型、聚合、域、转换、外部表、外部server、大对象、全文检索、逻辑订阅、插件、事件触发器….等数据库所有对象），

支持编程

支持query buffer管理

支持IO操作

其他，支持格式、变量、操作系统命令等。

支持行列变换。

支持大对象操作。

简化的psql周期图

https://postgresweekly.com/issues/308

pic

psql 详情

  1. psql \?  
  3. postgres=# \?

General

  1.   \copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms  
  2.   \crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab  
  3.   \errverbose            show most recent error message at maximum verbosity  
  4.   \g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)  
  5.   \gdesc                 describe result of query, without executing it  
  6.   \gexec                 execute query, then execute each value in its result  
  7.   \gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables  
  8.   \gx [FILE]             as \g, but forces expanded output mode  
  9.   \q                     quit psql  
  10.   \watch [SEC]           execute query every SEC seconds

Help

  1.   \? [commands]          show help on backslash commands  
  2.   \? options             show help on psql command-line options  
  3.   \? variables           show help on special variables  
  4.   \h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands

Query Buffer

  1.   \e [FILE] [LINE]       edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor  
  2.   \ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]]  edit function definition with external editor  
  3.   \ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]]  edit view definition with external editor  
  4.   \p                     show the contents of the query buffer  
  5.   \r                     reset (clear) the query buffer  
  6.   \s [FILE]              display history or save it to file  
  7.   \w FILE                write query buffer to file

Input/Output

  1.   \copy ...              perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host  
  2.   \echo [STRING]         write string to standard output  
  3.   \i FILE                execute commands from file  
  4.   \ir FILE               as \i, but relative to location of current script  
  5.   \o [FILE]              send all query results to file or |pipe  
  6.   \qecho [STRING]        write string to query output stream (see \o)

Conditional

  1.   \if EXPR               begin conditional block  
  2.   \elif EXPR             alternative within current conditional block  
  3.   \else                  final alternative within current conditional block  
  4.   \endif                 end conditional block

Informational

  1.   (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)  
  2.   \d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences  
  3.   \d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index  
  4.   \da[S]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates  
  5.   \dA[+]  [PATTERN]      list access methods  
  6.   \db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces  
  7.   \dc[S+] [PATTERN]      list conversions  
  8.   \dC[+]  [PATTERN]      list casts  
  9.   \dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere  
  10.   \dD[S+] [PATTERN]      list domains  
  11.   \ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges  
  12.   \dE[S+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables  
  13.   \det[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables  
  14.   \des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers  
  15.   \deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings  
  16.   \dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers  
  17.   \df[anptw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/procedures/trigger/window] functions  
  18.   \dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations  
  19.   \dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries  
  20.   \dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers  
  21.   \dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates  
  22.   \dg[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles  
  23.   \di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes  
  24.   \dl                    list large objects, same as \lo_list  
  25.   \dL[S+] [PATTERN]      list procedural languages  
  26.   \dm[S+] [PATTERN]      list materialized views  
  27.   \dn[S+] [PATTERN]      list schemas  
  28.   \do[S]  [PATTERN]      list operators  
  29.   \dO[S+] [PATTERN]      list collations  
  30.   \dp     [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges  
  31.   \dP[tin+] [PATTERN]    list [only table/index] partitioned relations  
  32.   \drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings  
  33.   \dRp[+] [PATTERN]      list replication publications  
  34.   \dRs[+] [PATTERN]      list replication subscriptions  
  35.   \ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences  
  36.   \dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables  
  37.   \dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types  
  38.   \du[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles  
  39.   \dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views  
  40.   \dx[+]  [PATTERN]      list extensions  
  41.   \dy     [PATTERN]      list event triggers  
  42.   \l[+]   [PATTERN]      list databases  
  43.   \sf[+]  FUNCNAME       show a function's definition  
  44.   \sv[+]  VIEWNAME       show a view's definition  
  45.   \z      [PATTERN]      same as \dp

Formatting

  1.   \a                     toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode  
  2.   \C [STRING]            set table title, or unset if none  
  3.   \f [STRING]            show or set field separator for unaligned query output  
  4.   \H                     toggle HTML output mode (currently off)  
  5.   \pset [NAME [VALUE]]   set table output option  
  6.                          (border|columns|csv_fieldsep|expanded|fieldsep|  
  7.                          fieldsep_zero|footer|format|linestyle|null|  
  8.                          numericlocale|pager|pager_min_lines|recordsep|  
  9.                          recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|tuples_only|  
  10.                          unicode_border_linestyle|unicode_column_linestyle|  
  11.                          unicode_header_linestyle)  
  12.   \t [on|off]            show only rows (currently off)  
  13.   \T [STRING]            set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none  
  14.   \x [on|off|auto]       toggle expanded output (currently off)

Connection

  1.   \c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}  
  2.                          connect to new database (currently "postgres")  
  3.   \conninfo              display information about current connection  
  4.   \encoding [ENCODING]   show or set client encoding  
  5.   \password [USERNAME]   securely change the password for a user

Operating System

  1.   \cd [DIR]              change the current working directory  
  2.   \setenv NAME [VALUE]   set or unset environment variable  
  3.   \timing [on|off]       toggle timing of commands (currently off)  
  4.   \! [COMMAND]           execute command in shell or start interactive shell

Variables

  1.   \prompt [TEXT] NAME    prompt user to set internal variable  
  2.   \set [NAME [VALUE]]    set internal variable, or list all if no parameters  
  3.   \unset NAME            unset (delete) internal variable

Large Objects

  1.   \lo_export LOBOID FILE  
  2.   \lo_import FILE [COMMENT]  
  3.   \lo_list  
  4.   \lo_unlink LOBOID      large object operations

例子

1、列出psql 帮助

  1.   \? [commands]          show help on backslash commands  
  2.   \? options             show help on psql command-line options  
  3.   \? variables           show help on special variables

2、列出SQL COMMAND语法帮助

  1.   \h [NAME]              help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
  1. postgres=# \h listen  
  2. Command:     LISTEN  
  3. Description: listen for a notification  
  4. Syntax:  
  5. LISTEN channel  
  7. URL: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/sql-listen.html

3、对查询结果进行行列变换

  1. \crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]  
  3. Executes the current query buffer (like \g) and shows the results in a crosstab grid.
  1. create table abc (uid int, class text, score float);  
  2. postgres=# insert into abc select random()*100, (array['语文','数学','英语','物理','化学'])[ceil(random()*5)::int], round((random()*100)::numeric,0) from generate_series(1,500);  
  3. INSERT 0 500  
  4. postgres=# select * from abc limit 10;  
  5.  uid | class | score   
  6. -----+-------+-------  
  7.   87 | 数学  |    29  
  8.   54 | 语文  |    95  
  9.    1 | 语文  |    57  
  10.   43 | 化学  |     4  
  11.   51 | 数学  |    37  
  12.   88 | 数学  |    14  
  13.   77 | 物理  |    54  
  14.   44 | 数学  |     5  
  15.   36 | 语文  |    96  
  16.    5 | 语文  |    73  
  17. (10 rows)  
  20. postgres=# select class, level, count(*) from (select *,width_bucket(score,0,101,5) as level from abc) t group by 1,2 order by 1,2;  
  21.  class | level | count   
  22. -------+-------+-------  
  23.  化学  |     1 |    25  
  24.  化学  |     2 |    30  
  25.  化学  |     3 |    22  
  26.  化学  |     4 |    19  
  27.  化学  |     5 |    19  
  28.  数学  |     1 |    15  
  29.  数学  |     2 |    20  
  30.  数学  |     3 |    12  
  31.  数学  |     4 |    20  
  32.  数学  |     5 |    17  
  33.  物理  |     1 |    17  
  34.  物理  |     2 |    16  
  35.  物理  |     3 |    22  
  36.  物理  |     4 |    26  
  37.  物理  |     5 |    16  
  38.  英语  |     1 |    15  
  39.  英语  |     2 |    16  
  40.  英语  |     3 |    21  
  41.  英语  |     4 |    22  
  42.  英语  |     5 |    15  
  43.  语文  |     1 |    24  
  44.  语文  |     2 |    24  
  45.  语文  |     3 |    23  
  46.  语文  |     4 |    18  
  47.  语文  |     5 |    26  
  48. (25 rows)

指定X轴、Y周进行变换，执行前一条SQL(当前query buffer的SQL)。

  1. postgres=# \crosstabview level class  
  2.  level | 化学 | 数学 | 物理 | 英语 | 语文   
  3. -------+------+------+------+------+------  
  4.      1 |   25 |   15 |   17 |   15 |   24  
  5.      2 |   30 |   20 |   16 |   16 |   24  
  6.      3 |   22 |   12 |   22 |   21 |   23  
  7.      4 |   19 |   20 |   26 |   22 |   18  
  8.      5 |   19 |   17 |   16 |   15 |   26  
  9. (5 rows)

4、打印当前query buffer

  1. \p  
  3. \w FILE                write query buffer to file
  1. postgres=# select 1;  
  2.  ?column?   
  3. ----------  
  4.         1  
  5. (1 row)  
  7. postgres=# \p  
  8. select 1;

将QUERY BUFFER写入文件

  1. postgres=# \w '/tmp/abc'

执行操作系统命令

  1. \!
  1. postgres=# \! cat '/tmp/abc'  
  2. select 1;

5、打印所有query buffer(实际上是.psql_history )

  1.   \s [FILE]              display history or save it to file
  1. postgres=# \s '/tmp/abc'  
  2. Wrote history to file "/tmp/abc".
  1. postgres=# \! head -n 10 '/tmp/abc'  
  2. create table h (id int, info text0;  
  3. ;  
  4. );  
  5. create table h (id int, info text);  
  6. insert into h select random()*1000 , 'test' from generate_series(1,1000000);  
  7. select * from pg_stat_all_indexes where index;  
  8. create index idx_h_1 on h(id);  
  9. select * from pg_stat_all_indexes where indexrelname='idx_h_1';  
  10. explain (analyze,verbose,timing,costs,buffers) select * from h where id=2;  
  11. select * from pg_stat_all_indexes where indexrelname='idx_h_1';

6、执行SQL

  1.   \g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)  
  2.   \gdesc                 describe result of query, without executing it  
  3.   \gexec                 execute query, then execute each value in its result  
  4.   \gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables  
  5.   \gx [FILE]             as \g, but forces expanded output mode

直接执行

  1. select 1  
  2. \g  
  4. 或  
  6. select 1  
  7. ;

将执行结果存储到PSQL所在的系统文件中

  1. select 1  
  2. \g '/tmp/abc'

列出query buffer中的SQL的返回结果的结构

  1. postgres=# \p  
  2. select 1;  
  4. postgres=# \gdesc  
  5.   Column  |  Type     
  6. ----------+---------  
  7.  ?column? | integer  
  8. (1 row)  
  11. postgres=# select 'abc',1,2;  
  12.  ?column? | ?column? | ?column?   
  13. ----------+----------+----------  
  14.  abc      |        1 |        2  
  15. (1 row)  
  17. postgres=# \p  
  18. select 'abc',1,2;  
  19. postgres=# \gdesc  
  20.   Column  |  Type     
  21. ----------+---------  
  22.  ?column? | text  
  23.  ?column? | integer  
  24.  ?column? | integer  
  25. (3 rows)

执行QUERY，并执行QUERY的结果。通常用于批量操作。

  1. postgres=# select 'create table t_'||i||'( id int, info text, crt_time timestamp)' from generate_series(1,10) i  
  2. postgres-# \gexec  
  3. CREATE TABLE  
  4. CREATE TABLE  
  5. CREATE TABLE  
  6. CREATE TABLE  
  7. CREATE TABLE  
  8. CREATE TABLE  
  9. CREATE TABLE  
  10. CREATE TABLE  
  11. CREATE TABLE  
  12. CREATE TABLE  
  14. postgres=# \dt t_*  
  15.         List of relations  
  16.  Schema | Name | Type  |  Owner     
  17. --------+------+-------+----------  
  18.  public | t_1  | table | postgres  
  19.  public | t_10 | table | postgres  
  20.  public | t_2  | table | postgres  
  21.  public | t_3  | table | postgres  
  22.  public | t_4  | table | postgres  
  23.  public | t_5  | table | postgres  
  24.  public | t_6  | table | postgres  
  25.  public | t_7  | table | postgres  
  26.  public | t_8  | table | postgres  
  27.  public | t_9  | table | postgres  
  28. (10 rows)

将结果设置到COLUMN ALIAS的变量中

  1. postgres=# select 'abcd' as col1, 1 as col2  
  2. postgres-# \gset  
  3. postgres=# \echo :col1  
  4. abcd  
  5. postgres=# \echo :col2  
  6. 1

列出已设置的PSQL变量

  1. postgres=# \set  
  2. AUTOCOMMIT = 'on'  
  3. COMP_KEYWORD_CASE = 'preserve-upper'  
  4. DBNAME = 'postgres'  
  5. ECHO = 'none'  
  6. ECHO_HIDDEN = 'off'  
  7. ENCODING = 'UTF8'  
  8. ERROR = 'false'  
  9. FETCH_COUNT = '0'  
  10. HIDE_TABLEAM = 'off'  
  11. HISTCONTROL = 'none'  
  12. HISTSIZE = '500'  
  13. HOST = '/data01/pg12/pg_root12000'  
  14. IGNOREEOF = '0'  
  15. LASTOID = '0'  
  16. LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE = ''  
  17. LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE = '00000'  
  18. ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK = 'off'  
  19. ON_ERROR_STOP = 'off'  
  20. PORT = '12000'  
  21. PROMPT1 = '%/%R%# '  
  22. PROMPT2 = '%/%R%# '  
  23. PROMPT3 = '>> '  
  24. QUIET = 'off'  
  25. ROW_COUNT = '1'  
  26. SERVER_VERSION_NAME = '12beta1'  
  27. SERVER_VERSION_NUM = '120000'  
  28. SHOW_CONTEXT = 'errors'  
  29. SINGLELINE = 'off'  
  30. SINGLESTEP = 'off'  
  31. SQLSTATE = '00000'  
  32. USER = 'postgres'  
  33. VERBOSITY = 'default'  
  34. VERSION = 'PostgreSQL 12beta1 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36), 64-bit'  
  35. VERSION_NAME = '12beta1'  
  36. VERSION_NUM = '120000'  
  37. col1 = 'abcd'  
  38. col2 = '1'

扩展方式返回结果

  1. \x  
  2. query;  
  4. 或  
  6. \gx
  1. postgres=# \p  
  2. select 'abcd' as col1, 1 as col2  
  3. postgres=# \g  
  4.  col1 | col2   
  5. ------+------  
  6.  abcd |    1  
  7. (1 row)  
  9. postgres=# \gx  
  10. -[ RECORD 1 ]  
  11. col1 | abcd  
  12. col2 | 1

7、每隔N秒执行一次query buffer中的SQL

  1. postgres=# \p  
  2. select 'abcd' as col1, 1 as col2  
  3. postgres=# \watch 1  
  4. Sat 08 Jun 2019 10:33:55 AM CST (every 1s)  
  6.  col1 | col2   
  7. ------+------  
  8.  abcd |    1  
  9. (1 row)  
  11. Sat 08 Jun 2019 10:33:56 AM CST (every 1s)  
  13.  col1 | col2   
  14. ------+------  
  15.  abcd |    1  
  16. (1 row)

8、条件判定逻辑

gset执行并设置变量到column alias

  1. -- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store  
  2. -- the results in separate psql variables  
  3. SELECT  
  4.     EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,  
  5.     EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee  
  6. \gset  
  7. \if :is_customer  
  8.     SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;  
  9. \elif :is_employee  
  10.     \echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'  
  11.     SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;  
  12. \else  
  13.     \if yes  
  14.         \echo 'not a customer or employee'  
  15.     \else  
  16.         \echo 'this will never print'  
  17.     \endif  
  18. \endif

9、大对象操作

  1. postgres=# \lo_import '/tmp/abcd'  
  2. could not open file "/tmp/abcd": No such file or directory  
  3. postgres=# \lo_import '/tmp/abc'  
  4. lo_import 16516  
  5. postgres=#  \lo_list  
  6.          Large objects  
  7.   ID   |  Owner   | Description   
  8. -------+----------+-------------  
  9.  16516 | postgres |   
  10. (1 row)  
  12. postgres=# \lo_export 16516 '/tmp/copy_abc'  
  13. lo_export  
  14. postgres=# \! diff '/tmp/copy_abc' '/tmp/abc'  
  15. postgres=# \! head -n 2 '/tmp/copy_abc'  
  16. create table h (id int, info text0;  
  17. ;  
  18. postgres=# \! head -n 2 '/tmp/abc'  
  19. create table h (id int, info text0;  
  20. ;  
  22. postgres=# select * from pg_largeobject_metadata;  
  23.   oid  | lomowner | lomacl   
  24. -------+----------+--------  
  25.  16516 |       10 |   
  26. (1 row)

清理大对象

  1. postgres=#        \lo_unlink 16516  
  2. lo_unlink 16516  
  3. postgres=#        \lo_list  
  4.       Large objects  
  5.  ID | Owner | Description   
  6. ----+-------+-------------  
  7. (0 rows)  
  9. postgres=# select * from pg_largeobject_metadata ;  
  10.  oid | lomowner | lomacl   
  11. -----+----------+--------  
  12. (0 rows)  
  14. postgres=# select * from pg_largeobject;  
  15.  loid | pageno | data   
  16. ------+--------+------  
  17. (0 rows)

10、COPY PSQL的客户端服务器上的文件到数据库，或COPY数据库数据（表或者SQL）的结果到执行PSQL的客户端。

《PostgreSQL 服务端COPY和客户端COPY - 暨PG有哪些服务端操作接口》

《PostgreSQL copy (quote,DELIMITER,…) single byte char 的输入》

11、连接其他数据库

  2. postgres=# create role abc login;  
  3. CREATE ROLE  
  4. postgres=# \c 'hostaddr=127.0.0.1 dbname=postgres user=abc port=12000'  
  5. You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "abc".  
  7. 连接当前实例的其他DB或USER，可以简写  
  9. \c dbname username  
  10. 例如  
  11. postgres=> \c postgres postgres  
  12. You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".

12、列出当前连接信息

  1. postgres=#   \conninfo  
  2. You are connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres" via socket in "/data01/pg12/pg_root12000" at port "12000".

13、列出对象信息、权限

S包括系统对象

  1. Informational  
  2.   (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)  
  3.   \d[S+]                 list tables, views, and sequences  
  4.   \d[S+]  NAME           describe table, view, sequence, or index  
  5.   \da[S]  [PATTERN]      list aggregates  
  6.   \dA[+]  [PATTERN]      list access methods  
  7.   \db[+]  [PATTERN]      list tablespaces  
  8.   \dc[S+] [PATTERN]      list conversions  
  9.   \dC[+]  [PATTERN]      list casts  
  10.   \dd[S]  [PATTERN]      show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere  
  11.   \dD[S+] [PATTERN]      list domains  
  12.   \ddp    [PATTERN]      list default privileges  
  13.   \dE[S+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables  
  14.   \det[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign tables  
  15.   \des[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign servers  
  16.   \deu[+] [PATTERN]      list user mappings  
  17.   \dew[+] [PATTERN]      list foreign-data wrappers  
  18.   \df[anptw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/procedures/trigger/window] functions  
  19.   \dF[+]  [PATTERN]      list text search configurations  
  20.   \dFd[+] [PATTERN]      list text search dictionaries  
  21.   \dFp[+] [PATTERN]      list text search parsers  
  22.   \dFt[+] [PATTERN]      list text search templates  
  23.   \dg[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles  
  24.   \di[S+] [PATTERN]      list indexes  
  25.   \dl                    list large objects, same as \lo_list  
  26.   \dL[S+] [PATTERN]      list procedural languages  
  27.   \dm[S+] [PATTERN]      list materialized views  
  28.   \dn[S+] [PATTERN]      list schemas  
  29.   \do[S]  [PATTERN]      list operators  
  30.   \dO[S+] [PATTERN]      list collations  
  31.   \dp     [PATTERN]      list table, view, and sequence access privileges  
  32.   \dP[tin+] [PATTERN]    list [only table/index] partitioned relations  
  33.   \drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings  
  34.   \dRp[+] [PATTERN]      list replication publications  
  35.   \dRs[+] [PATTERN]      list replication subscriptions  
  36.   \ds[S+] [PATTERN]      list sequences  
  37.   \dt[S+] [PATTERN]      list tables  
  38.   \dT[S+] [PATTERN]      list data types  
  39.   \du[S+] [PATTERN]      list roles  
  40.   \dv[S+] [PATTERN]      list views  
  41.   \dx[+]  [PATTERN]      list extensions  
  42.   \dy     [PATTERN]      list event triggers  
  43.   \l[+]   [PATTERN]      list databases  
  44.   \sf[+]  FUNCNAME       show a function's definition  
  45.   \sv[+]  VIEWNAME       show a view's definition  
  46.   \z      [PATTERN]      same as \dp

14、执行psql服务器上的文件

  1.   \i FILE                execute commands from file    
  2.   \ir FILE               as \i, but relative to location of current script
  1. postgres=# \a  
  2. Output format is unaligned.  
  3. postgres=# \t on  
  6. postgres=# select format('create table abc_%s (id int);', i) from generate_series(1,10) i  
  7. postgres-# \g '/tmp/abcd'  
  8. postgres=# \! cat '/tmp/abcd'  
  9. create table abc_1 (id int);  
  10. create table abc_2 (id int);  
  11. create table abc_3 (id int);  
  12. create table abc_4 (id int);  
  13. create table abc_5 (id int);  
  14. create table abc_6 (id int);  
  15. create table abc_7 (id int);  
  16. create table abc_8 (id int);  
  17. create table abc_9 (id int);  
  18. create table abc_10 (id int);
  1. postgres=# \i '/tmp/abcd'  
  2. CREATE TABLE  
  3. CREATE TABLE  
  4. CREATE TABLE  
  5. CREATE TABLE  
  6. CREATE TABLE  
  7. CREATE TABLE  
  8. CREATE TABLE  
  9. CREATE TABLE  
  10. CREATE TABLE  
  11. CREATE TABLE  
  12. postgres=# \dt  
  13. public|abc_1|table|postgres  
  14. public|abc_10|table|postgres  
  15. public|abc_2|table|postgres  
  16. public|abc_3|table|postgres  
  17. public|abc_4|table|postgres  
  18. public|abc_5|table|postgres  
  19. public|abc_6|table|postgres  
  20. public|abc_7|table|postgres  
  21. public|abc_8|table|postgres  
  22. public|abc_9|table|postgres

小结

psql是非常强大的PostgreSQL客户端，可以极大提高数据库管理人员的管理便捷性。

参考

man psql