Overview

The Vaadin Data Model is one of the core concepts of the library. To allow the view (user interface components) to access the data model of an application directly, we have introduced a standard data interface.

The model allows binding user interface components directly to the data that they display and possibly allow to edit. There are three nested levels of hierarchy in the data model: property, item, and container. Using a spreadsheet application as an analogy, these would correspond to a cell, a row, and a table, respectively.

Vaadin Data Model

The Data Model is realized as a set of interfaces in the com.vaadin.data package. The package contains the Property, Item, and Container interfaces, along with a number of more specialized interfaces and classes.

Notice that the Data Model does not define data representation, but only interfaces. This leaves the representation fully to the implementation of the containers. The representation can be almost anything, such as a plain old Java object (POJO) structure, a filesystem, or a database query.

The Data Model is used heavily in the core user interface components of Vaadin, especially the field components, that is, components that implement the Field interface or more typically extend AbstractField, which defines many common features. A key feature of all the built-in field components is that they can either maintain their data by themselves or be bound to an external data source. The value of a field is always available through the Property interface. As more than one component can be bound to the same data source, it is easy to implement various viewer-editor patterns.

The relationships of the various interfaces are shown in Interface Relationships in Vaadin Data Model; the value change event and listener interfaces are shown only for the Property interface, while the notifier interfaces are omitted altogether.

Interface Relationships in Vaadin Data Model

The Data Model has many important and useful features, such as support for change notification. Especially containers have many helper interfaces, including ones that allow indexing, ordering, sorting, and filtering the data. Also Field components provide a number of features involving the data model, such as buffering, validation, and lazy loading.

Vaadin provides a number of built-in implementations of the data model interfaces. The built-in implementations are used as the default data models in many field components.

In addition to the built-in implementations, many data model implementations, such as containers, are available as add-ons, either from the Vaadin Directory or from independent sources. Both commercial and free implementations exist. The JPAContainer, described in “Vaadin JPAContainer”, is the most often used conmmercial container add-on. The installation of add-ons is described in “Using Vaadin Add-ons”. Notice that unlike with most regular add-on components, you do not need to compile a widget set for add-ons that include just data model implementations.