CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE

This statement creates a new table in the currently selected database. It behaves similarly to the CREATE TABLE statement in MySQL.

Synopsis

CreateTableStmt

OptTemporary

IfNotExists

TableName

TableElementListOpt

TableElementList

TableElement

ColumnDef

ColumnOptionListOpt

ColumnOptionList

ColumnOption

Constraint

IndexDef

KeyPartList

KeyPart

IndexOption

ForeignKeyDef

ReferenceOption

CreateTableOptionListOpt

PartitionOpt

DuplicateOpt

TableOptionList

TableOption

OnCommitOpt

PlacementPolicyOption

CreateTableStmt ::=
    'CREATE' OptTemporary 'TABLE' IfNotExists TableName ( TableElementListOpt CreateTableOptionListOpt PartitionOpt DuplicateOpt AsOpt CreateTableSelectOpt | LikeTableWithOrWithoutParen ) OnCommitOpt
OptTemporary ::=
    ( 'TEMPORARY' | ('GLOBAL' 'TEMPORARY') )?
IfNotExists ::=
    ('IF' 'NOT' 'EXISTS')?
TableName ::=
    Identifier ('.' Identifier)?
TableElementListOpt ::=
    ( '(' TableElementList ')' )?
TableElementList ::=
    TableElement ( ',' TableElement )*
TableElement ::=
    ColumnDef
|   Constraint
ColumnDef ::=
    ColumnName ( Type | 'SERIAL' ) ColumnOptionListOpt
ColumnOptionListOpt ::=
    ColumnOption*
ColumnOptionList ::=
    ColumnOption*
ColumnOption ::=
    'NOT'? 'NULL'
|   'AUTO_INCREMENT'
|   PrimaryOpt 'KEY'
|   'UNIQUE' 'KEY'?
|   'DEFAULT' DefaultValueExpr
|   'SERIAL' 'DEFAULT' 'VALUE'
|   'ON' 'UPDATE' NowSymOptionFraction
|   'COMMENT' stringLit
|   ConstraintKeywordOpt 'CHECK' '(' Expression ')' EnforcedOrNotOrNotNullOpt
|   GeneratedAlways 'AS' '(' Expression ')' VirtualOrStored
|   ReferDef
|   'COLLATE' CollationName
|   'COLUMN_FORMAT' ColumnFormat
|   'STORAGE' StorageMedia
|   'AUTO_RANDOM' OptFieldLen
Constraint ::=
    IndexDef
|   ForeignKeyDef
IndexDef ::=
    ( 'INDEX' | 'KEY' ) IndexName? '(' KeyPartList ')' IndexOption?
KeyPartList ::=
    KeyPart ( ',' KeyPart )*
KeyPart ::=
    ColumnName ( '(' Length ')')? ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' )?
|   '(' Expression ')' ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' )?
IndexOption ::=
    'COMMENT' String
|   ( 'VISIBLE' | 'INVISIBLE' )
ForeignKeyDef
         ::= ( 'CONSTRAINT' Identifier )? 'FOREIGN' 'KEY'
             Identifier? '(' ColumnName ( ',' ColumnName )* ')'
             'REFERENCES' TableName '(' ColumnName ( ',' ColumnName )* ')'
             ( 'ON' 'DELETE' ReferenceOption )?
             ( 'ON' 'UPDATE' ReferenceOption )?
ReferenceOption
         ::= 'RESTRICT'
           | 'CASCADE'
           | 'SET' 'NULL'
           | 'SET' 'DEFAULT'
           | 'NO' 'ACTION'
CreateTableOptionListOpt ::=
    TableOptionList?
PartitionOpt ::=
    ( 'PARTITION' 'BY' PartitionMethod PartitionNumOpt SubPartitionOpt PartitionDefinitionListOpt )?
DuplicateOpt ::=
    ( 'IGNORE' | 'REPLACE' )?
TableOptionList ::=
    TableOption ( ','? TableOption )*
TableOption ::=
    PartDefOption
|   DefaultKwdOpt ( CharsetKw EqOpt CharsetName | 'COLLATE' EqOpt CollationName )
|   ( 'AUTO_INCREMENT' | 'AUTO_ID_CACHE' | 'AUTO_RANDOM_BASE' | 'AVG_ROW_LENGTH' | 'CHECKSUM' | 'TABLE_CHECKSUM' | 'KEY_BLOCK_SIZE' | 'DELAY_KEY_WRITE' | 'SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS' | 'PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS' ) EqOpt LengthNum
|   ( 'CONNECTION' | 'PASSWORD' | 'COMPRESSION' ) EqOpt stringLit
|   RowFormat
|   ( 'STATS_PERSISTENT' | 'PACK_KEYS' ) EqOpt StatsPersistentVal
|   ( 'STATS_AUTO_RECALC' | 'STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES' ) EqOpt ( LengthNum | 'DEFAULT' )
|   'STORAGE' ( 'MEMORY' | 'DISK' )
|   'SECONDARY_ENGINE' EqOpt ( 'NULL' | StringName )
|   'UNION' EqOpt '(' TableNameListOpt ')'
|   'ENCRYPTION' EqOpt EncryptionOpt
|    'TTL' EqOpt TimeColumnName '+' 'INTERVAL' Expression TimeUnit (TTLEnable EqOpt ( 'ON' | 'OFF' ))? (TTLJobInterval EqOpt stringLit)?
|   PlacementPolicyOption
OnCommitOpt ::=
    ('ON' 'COMMIT' 'DELETE' 'ROWS')?
PlacementPolicyOption ::=
    "PLACEMENT" "POLICY" EqOpt PolicyName
|   "PLACEMENT" "POLICY" (EqOpt | "SET") "DEFAULT"

The following table_options are supported. Other options such as AVG_ROW_LENGTH, CHECKSUM, COMPRESSION, CONNECTION, DELAY_KEY_WRITE, ENGINE, KEY_BLOCK_SIZE, MAX_ROWS, MIN_ROWS, ROW_FORMAT and STATS_PERSISTENT are parsed but ignored.

Options	Description	Example
`AUTO_INCREMENT`	The initial value of the increment field	`AUTO_INCREMENT` = 5
SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS	To set the number of bits for the implicit `_tidb_rowid` shards	`SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS` = 4
`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS`	To pre-split `2^(PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS)` Regions when creating a table	`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS` = 4
`AUTO_ID_CACHE`	To set the auto ID cache size in a TiDB instance. By default, TiDB automatically changes this size according to allocation speed of auto ID	`AUTO_ID_CACHE` = 200. Note that this option is not available on TiDB Serverless clusters.
`AUTO_RANDOM_BASE`	To set the initial incremental part value of auto_random. This option can be considered as a part of the internal interface. Users can ignore this parameter	`AUTO_RANDOM_BASE` = 0
`CHARACTER SET`	To specify the character set for the table	`CHARACTER SET` = ‘utf8mb4’
`COMMENT`	The comment information	`COMMENT` = ‘comment info’

Note

The split-table configuration option is enabled by default. When it is enabled, a separate Region is created for each newly created table. For details, see TiDB configuration file.

Note

TiDB creates a separate Region for each newly created table.

Examples

Creating a simple table and inserting one row:

CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
DESC t1;
SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
INSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (1);
SELECT * FROM t1;

mysql> drop table if exists t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> DESC t1;
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key  | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | YES  |      | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+------+
| a    |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Dropping a table if it exists, and conditionally creating a table if it does not exist:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (
 id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
 b VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
);
DESC t1;

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (
         id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
         b VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
        );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> DESC t1;
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key  | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
| id    | bigint(20)   | NO   | PRI  | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | varchar(200) | NO   |      | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL compatibility

All of the data types except spatial types are supported.
FULLTEXT, HASH and SPATIAL indexes are not supported.
For compatibility, the index_col_name attribute supports the length option with a maximum length limit of 3072 bytes by default. The length limit can be changed through the max-index-length configuration option. For details, see TiDB configuration file.
For compatibility, the index_col_name attribute supports the length option with a maximum length limit of 3072 bytes.
The [ASC | DESC] in index_col_name is currently parsed but ignored (MySQL 5.7 compatible behavior).
The COMMENT attribute does not support the WITH PARSER option.
TiDB supports 1017 columns in a single table by default and 4096 columns at most. The corresponding number limit in InnoDB is 1017 columns, and the hard limit in MySQL is 4096 columns. For details, see TiDB Limitations.
For partitioned tables, only Range, Hash and Range Columns (single column) are supported. For details, see partitioned table.
CHECK constraints are parsed but ignored (MySQL 5.7 compatible behavior). For details, see Constraints.

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE

Synopsis

Examples

MySQL compatibility

See also