Metrics Schema

METRICS_SCHEMA 是基于 Prometheus 中 TiDB 监控指标的一组视图。每个表的 PromQL(Prometheus 查询语言)的源均可在 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METRICS_TABLES 表中找到。

  1. use metrics_schema;
  2. SELECT * FROM uptime;
  3. SELECT * FROM information_schema.metrics_tables WHERE table_name='uptime'\G
  1. +----------------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+
  2. | time | instance | job | value |
  3. +----------------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+
  4. | 2020-07-06 15:26:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:10080 | tidb | 123.60300016403198 |
  5. | 2020-07-06 15:27:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:10080 | tidb | 183.60300016403198 |
  6. | 2020-07-06 15:26:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:20180 | tikv | 123.60300016403198 |
  7. | 2020-07-06 15:27:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:20180 | tikv | 183.60300016403198 |
  8. | 2020-07-06 15:26:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:2379 | pd | 123.60300016403198 |
  9. | 2020-07-06 15:27:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:2379 | pd | 183.60300016403198 |
  10. | 2020-07-06 15:26:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:9090 | prometheus | 123.72300004959106 |
  11. | 2020-07-06 15:27:26.203000 | 127.0.0.1:9090 | prometheus | 183.72300004959106 |
  12. +----------------------------+-----------------+------------+--------------------+
  13. 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  14. *************************** 1. row ***************************
  15. TABLE_NAME: uptime
  16. PROMQL: (time() - process_start_time_seconds{$LABEL_CONDITIONS})
  17. LABELS: instance,job
  18. QUANTILE: 0
  19. COMMENT: TiDB uptime since last restart(second)
  20. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  1. show tables;
  1. +---------------------------------------------------+
  2. | Tables_in_metrics_schema |
  3. +---------------------------------------------------+
  4. | abnormal_stores |
  5. | etcd_disk_wal_fsync_rate |
  6. | etcd_wal_fsync_duration |
  7. | etcd_wal_fsync_total_count |
  8. | etcd_wal_fsync_total_time |
  9. | go_gc_count |
  10. | go_gc_cpu_usage |
  11. | go_gc_duration |
  12. | go_heap_mem_usage |
  13. | go_threads |
  14. | goroutines_count |
  15. | node_cpu_usage |
  16. | node_disk_available_size |
  17. | node_disk_io_util |
  18. | node_disk_iops |
  19. | node_disk_read_latency |
  20. | node_disk_size |
  21. ..
  22. | tikv_storage_async_request_total_time |
  23. | tikv_storage_async_requests |
  24. | tikv_storage_async_requests_total_count |
  25. | tikv_storage_command_ops |
  26. | tikv_store_size |
  27. | tikv_thread_cpu |
  28. | tikv_thread_nonvoluntary_context_switches |
  29. | tikv_thread_voluntary_context_switches |
  30. | tikv_threads_io |
  31. | tikv_threads_state |
  32. | tikv_total_keys |
  33. | tikv_wal_sync_duration |
  34. | tikv_wal_sync_max_duration |
  35. | tikv_worker_handled_tasks |
  36. | tikv_worker_handled_tasks_total_num |
  37. | tikv_worker_pending_tasks |
  38. | tikv_worker_pending_tasks_total_num |
  39. | tikv_write_stall_avg_duration |
  40. | tikv_write_stall_max_duration |
  41. | tikv_write_stall_reason |
  42. | up |
  43. | uptime |
  44. +---------------------------------------------------+
  45. 626 rows in set (0.00 sec)

METRICS_SCHEMA 是监控相关的 summary 表的数据源,例如 metrics_summarymetrics_summary_by_labelinspection_summary

更多例子

下面以 metrics_schema 中的 tidb_query_duration 监控表为例,介绍监控表相关的使用和原理,其他的监控表原理均类似。

查询 information_schema.metrics_tables 中关于 tidb_query_duration 表相关的信息如下:

  1. select * from information_schema.metrics_tables where table_name='tidb_query_duration';
  1. +---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
  2. | TABLE_NAME | PROMQL | LABELS | QUANTILE | COMMENT |
  3. +---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
  4. | tidb_query_duration | histogram_quantile($QUANTILE, sum(rate(tidb_server_handle_query_duration_seconds_bucket{$LABEL_CONDITIONS}[$RANGE_DURATION])) by (le,sql_type,instance)) | instance,sql_type | 0.9 | The quantile of TiDB query durations(second) |
  5. +---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------+----------------------------------------------+
  • TABLE_NAME:对应于 metrics_schema 中的表名,这里表名是 tidb_query_duration
  • PROMQL:因为监控表的原理是将 SQL 映射成 PromQL 后向 Prometheus 请求数据,并将 Prometheus 返回的结果转换成 SQL 查询结果。该字段是 PromQL 的表达式模板,查询监控表数据时使用查询条件改写模板中的变量,生成最终的查询表达式。
  • LABELS:监控项定义的 label,tidb_query_duration 有两个 label,分别是 instancesql_type
  • QUANTILE:百分位。直方图类型的监控数据会指定一个默认百分位。如果值为 0,表示该监控表对应的监控不是直方图。tidb_query_duration 默认查询 0.9 ,也就是 P90 的监控值。
  • COMMENT:对这个监控表的解释。可以看出 tidb_query_duration 表是用来查询 TiDB query 执行的百分位时间,如 P999/P99/P90 的查询耗时,单位是秒。

再来看 tidb_query_duration 的表结构:

  1. show create table metrics_schema.tidb_query_duration;
  1. +---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2. | Table | Create Table |
  3. +---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  4. | tidb_query_duration | CREATE TABLE `tidb_query_duration` ( |
  5. | | `time` datetime unsigned DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, |
  6. | | `instance` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL, |
  7. | | `sql_type` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL, |
  8. | | `quantile` double unsigned DEFAULT '0.9', |
  9. | | `value` double unsigned DEFAULT NULL |
  10. | | ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin COMMENT='The quantile of TiDB query durations(second)' |
  11. +---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  • time:监控项的时间。
  • instancesql_type:是 tidb_query_duration 这个监控项的 label。instance 表示监控的地址,sql_type 表示执行 SQL 的类似。
  • quantile,百分位,直方图类型的监控都会有该列,表示查询的百分位时间,如 quantile=0.9 就是查询 P90 的时间。
  • value:监控项的值。

下面是查询时间 [2020-03-25 23:40:00, 2020-03-25 23:42:00] 范围内的 P99 的 TiDB Query 耗时:

  1. select * from metrics_schema.tidb_query_duration where value is not null and time>='2020-03-25 23:40:00' and time <= '2020-03-25 23:42:00' and quantile=0.99;
  1. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+----------------+
  2. | time | instance | sql_type | quantile | value |
  3. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+----------------+
  4. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.509929485256 |
  5. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.494690793986 |
  6. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.493460506934 |
  7. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.152058493415 |
  8. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.152193879678 |
  9. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.140498483232 |
  10. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.47104 |
  11. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.11776 |
  12. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.11776 |
  13. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+----------------+

以上查询结果的第一行意思是,在 2020-03-25 23:40:00 时,在 TiDB 实例 172.16.5.40:10089 上,Insert 类型的语句的 P99 执行时间是 0.509929485256 秒。其他各行的含义类似,sql_type 列的其他值含义如下:

  • Select:表示执行的 select 类型的语句。
  • internal:表示 TiDB 的内部 SQL 语句,一般是统计信息更新,获取全局变量相关的内部语句。

进一步再查看上面语句的执行计划如下:

  1. desc select * from metrics_schema.tidb_query_duration where value is not null and time>='2020-03-25 23:40:00' and time <= '2020-03-25 23:42:00' and quantile=0.99;
  1. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2. | id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
  3. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  4. | Selection_5 | 8000.00 | root | | not(isnull(Column#5)) |
  5. | └─MemTableScan_6 | 10000.00 | root | table:tidb_query_duration | PromQL:histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(tidb_server_handle_query_duration_seconds_bucket{}[60s])) by (le,sql_type,instance)), start_time:2020-03-25 23:40:00, end_time:2020-03-25 23:42:00, step:1m0s |
  6. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

可以发现执行计划中有一个 PromQL, 以及查询监控的 start_timeend_time,还有 step 值,在实际执行时,TiDB 会调用 Prometheus 的 query_range HTTP API 接口来查询监控数据。

从以上结果可知,在 [2020-03-25 23:40:00, 2020-03-25 23:42:00] 时间范围内,每个 label 只有三个时间的值,间隔时间是 1 分钟,即执行计划中的 step 值。该间隔时间由以下两个 session 变量决定:

  • tidb_metric_query_step:查询的分辨率步长。从 Prometheus 的 query_range 接口查询数据时需要指定 start_timeend_timestep,其中 step 会使用该变量的值。
  • tidb_metric_query_range_duration:查询监控时,会将 PROMQL 中的 $RANGE_DURATION 替换成该变量的值,默认值是 60 秒。

如果想要查看不同时间粒度的监控项的值,用户可以修改上面两个 session 变量后查询监控表,示例如下:

首先修改两个 session 变量的值,将时间粒度设置为 30 秒。

注意:

Prometheus 支持查询的最小粒度为 30 秒。

  1. set @@tidb_metric_query_step=30;
  2. set @@tidb_metric_query_range_duration=30;

再查询 tidb_query_duration 监控如下,可以发现在三分钟时间范围内,每个 label 有六个时间的值,每个值时间间隔是 30 秒。

  1. select * from metrics_schema.tidb_query_duration where value is not null and time>='2020-03-25 23:40:00' and time <= '2020-03-25 23:42:00' and quantile=0.99;
  1. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
  2. | time | instance | sql_type | quantile | value |
  3. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+
  4. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.483285651924 |
  5. | 2020-03-25 23:40:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.484151462113 |
  6. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.504576 |
  7. | 2020-03-25 23:41:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.493577384561 |
  8. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Insert | 0.99 | 0.49482474311 |
  9. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.189253402185 |
  10. | 2020-03-25 23:40:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.184224951851 |
  11. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.151673410553 |
  12. | 2020-03-25 23:41:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.127953838989 |
  13. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | Select | 0.99 | 0.127455434547 |
  14. | 2020-03-25 23:40:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.0624 |
  15. | 2020-03-25 23:40:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.12416 |
  16. | 2020-03-25 23:41:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.0304 |
  17. | 2020-03-25 23:41:30 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.06272 |
  18. | 2020-03-25 23:42:00 | 172.16.5.40:10089 | internal | 0.99 | 0.0629333333333 |
  19. +---------------------+-------------------+----------+----------+-----------------+

最后查看执行计划,也会发现执行计划中的 PromQL 以及 step 的值都已经变成了 30 秒。

  1. desc select * from metrics_schema.tidb_query_duration where value is not null and time>='2020-03-25 23:40:00' and time <= '2020-03-25 23:42:00' and quantile=0.99;
  1. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2. | id | estRows | task | access object | operator info |
  3. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  4. | Selection_5 | 8000.00 | root | | not(isnull(Column#5)) |
  5. | └─MemTableScan_6 | 10000.00 | root | table:tidb_query_duration | PromQL:histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(tidb_server_handle_query_duration_seconds_bucket{}[30s])) by (le,sql_type,instance)), start_time:2020-03-25 23:40:00, end_time:2020-03-25 23:42:00, step:30s |
  6. +------------------+----------+------+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+