自定义解析器
从 Socket.IO v2.0.0 开始,现在可以提供自己的解析器,以控制数据包的编组/解组。
服务器
import { Server } from "socket.io";
const io = new Server({
parser: myParser
});
客户端
import { io } from "socket.io-client";
const socket = io({
parser: myParser
});
Available parsers
Besides the default parser, here is the list of available parsers:
Package | Description |
---|---|
socket.io-circular-parser | Similar to the default parser, but handles circular references. |
socket.io-msgpack-parser | Uses MessagePack to encode the packets (based on the notepack.io package). |
@skgdev/socket.io-msgpack-javascript | Uses MessagePack to encode the packets (based on the @msgpack/msgpack package). |
socket.io-json-parser | Uses JSON.stringify() and JSON.parse() to encode the packets. |
socket.io-cbor-x-parser | Uses cbor-x to encode the packets. |
@socket.io/devalue-parser | Uses devalue to encode the packets. |
实现自己的解析器
这是一个使用JSON.stringify()
和JSON.parse()
方法的解析器的基本示例:
import { Emitter } from "@socket.io/component-emitter"; // polyfill of Node.js EventEmitter in the browser
class Encoder {
/**
* Encode a packet into a list of strings/buffers
*/
encode(packet) {
return [JSON.stringify(packet)];
}
}
function isObject(value) {
return Object.prototype.toString.call(value) === "[object Object]";
}
class Decoder extends Emitter {
/**
* Receive a chunk (string or buffer) and optionally emit a "decoded" event with the reconstructed packet
*/
add(chunk) {
const packet = JSON.parse(chunk);
if (this.isPacketValid(packet)) {
this.emit("decoded", packet);
} else {
throw new Error("invalid format");
}
}
isPacketValid({ type, data, nsp, id }) {
const isNamespaceValid = typeof nsp === "string";
const isAckIdValid = id === undefined || Number.isInteger(id);
if (!isNamespaceValid || !isAckIdValid) {
return false;
}
switch (type) {
case 0: // CONNECT
return data === undefined || isObject(data);
case 1: // DISCONNECT
return data === undefined;
case 2: // EVENT
return Array.isArray(data) && typeof data[0] === "string";
case 3: // ACK
return Array.isArray(data);
case 4: // CONNECT_ERROR
return isObject(data);
default:
return false;
}
}
/**
* Clean up internal buffers
*/
destroy() {}
}
export const parser = { Encoder, Decoder };
默认解析器
默认解析器(socket.io-parser
包)的源代码可以在这里找到:https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-parser
输出示例:
- 基本 emit
socket.emit("test", 42);
将被编码为:
2["test",42]
||
|└─ JSON-encoded payload
└─ packet type (2 => EVENT)
- 使用二进制、确认和自定义命名空间发出
socket.emit("test", Uint8Array.from([42]), () => {
console.log("ack received");
});
将被编码为:
51-/admin,13["test",{"_placeholder":true,"num":0}]
|||| || └─ JSON-encoded payload with placeholders for binary attachments
|||| |└─ acknowledgement id
|||| └─ separator
|||└─ namespace (not included when it's the main namespace)
||└─ separator
|└─ number of binary attachments
└─ packet type (5 => BINARY EVENT)
and an additional attachment (the extracted Uint8Array)
优点:
- 二进制附件是 base64 编码的,所以这个解析器与不支持 Arraybuffers的浏览器兼容,比如 IE9
缺点:
- 具有二进制内容的数据包作为两个不同的 WebSocket 帧发送(如果建立了 WebSocket 连接)
msgpack 解析器
此解析器使用MessagePack序列化格式。
这个解析器的源代码可以在这里找到:https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-msgpack-parser
示例用法:
服务器
import { Server } from "socket.io";
import customParser from "socket.io-msgpack-parser";
const io = new Server({
parser: customParser
});
客户端 (Node.js)
import { io } from "socket.io-client";
import customParser from "socket.io-msgpack-parser";
const socket = io("https://example.com", {
parser: customParser
});
在浏览器中,现在有一个包含此解析器的官方包:
- https://cdn.socket.io/4.7.5/socket.io.msgpack.min.js
- cdnjs: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/socket.io/4.7.5/socket.io.msgpack.min.js
- jsDelivr: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/socket.io-client@4.7.5/dist/socket.io.msgpack.min.js
- unpkg: https://unpkg.com/socket.io-client@4.7.5/dist/socket.io.msgpack.min.js
在这种情况下,您不需要指定parser
配置项。
优点:
- 具有二进制内容的数据包作为单个 WebSocket 帧发送(如果建立了 WebSocket 连接)
- 可能会导致更小的有效载荷(尤其是在使用大量数字时)
缺点:
- 与不支持 Arraybuffers的浏览器不兼容,例如 IE9
- 在浏览器的网络选项卡中更难调试
信息
请注意,这socket.io-msgpack-parser
依赖于notepack.ioMessagePack 实现。此实现主要关注性能和最小包大小,因此不支持扩展类型等功能。对于基于官方 JavaScript 实现的解析器,请查看这个包。