使用手册

使用手册

MySQL 使用手册

环境要求

支持的 MySQL 版本：5.1.15 ~ 8.0.x。

权限要求

源端开启 binlog

MySQL 5.7 my.cnf 示例配置：

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=row
binlog-row-image=full
max_connections=600

执行以下命令，确认是否有开启 binlog：

show variables like '%log_bin%';
show variables like '%binlog%';

如以下显示，则说明 binlog 已开启

+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                           | Value                                 |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| log_bin                                 | ON                                    |
| binlog_format                           | ROW                                   |
| binlog_row_image                        | FULL                                  |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

赋予源端 MySQL 账号 replication 相关权限。

执行以下命令，查看该用户是否有迁移权限：

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'migration_user';

示例结果：

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Grants for ${username}@${host}                                                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO ${username}@${host}     |
|.......                                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

赋予 MySQL 账号 DDL DML 权限

源端账号需要具备查询权限。示例：

GRANT SELECT ON migration_ds_0.* TO `migration_user`@`%`;

目标端账号需要具备增删改查等权限。示例：

GRANT CREATE, DROP, INDEX, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON *.* TO `migration_user`@`%`;

详情请参见 MySQL GRANT

完整流程示例

前提条件

在 MySQL 已准备好源端库、表、数据。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_0;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_0 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
USE migration_ds_0;
CREATE TABLE t_order (order_id INT NOT NULL, user_id INT NOT NULL, status VARCHAR(45) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (order_id));
INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (1,2,'ok'),(2,4,'ok'),(3,6,'ok'),(4,1,'ok'),(5,3,'ok'),(6,5,'ok');

在 MySQL 准备目标端库。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_10;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_10 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_11;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_11 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_12;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_12 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;

操作步骤

在 proxy 新建逻辑数据库并配置好存储单元和规则。

CREATE DATABASE sharding_db;
USE sharding_db
REGISTER STORAGE UNIT ds_2 (
    URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/migration_ds_10?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false",
    USER="root",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_3 (
    URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/migration_ds_11?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false",
    USER="root",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_4 (
    URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/migration_ds_12?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false",
    USER="root",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);
CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order(
STORAGE_UNITS(ds_2,ds_3,ds_4),
SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id,
TYPE(NAME="hash_mod",PROPERTIES("sharding-count"="6")),
KEY_GENERATE_STRATEGY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME="snowflake"))
);

如果是迁移到异构数据库，那目前需要在 proxy 执行建表语句。

在 proxy 配置源端存储单元。

REGISTER MIGRATION SOURCE STORAGE UNIT ds_0 (
    URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/migration_ds_0?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false",
    USER="root",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);

启动数据迁移。

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO t_order;

或者指定目标端逻辑库：

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO sharding_db.t_order;

查看数据迁移作业列表。

SHOW MIGRATION LIST;

示例结果：

+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| id                                         | tables       | job_item_count | active | create_time         | stop_time |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54 | ds_0.t_order | 1              | true   | 2023-09-20 14:41:32 | NULL      |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+

查看数据迁移详情。

SHOW MIGRATION STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| item | data_source | tables       | status                   | active | processed_records_count | inventory_finished_percentage | incremental_idle_seconds | error_message |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| 0    | ds_0        | ds_0.t_order | EXECUTE_INCREMENTAL_TASK | true   | 6                       | 100                           |                          |               |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+

执行数据一致性校验。

CHECK MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54' BY TYPE (NAME='DATA_MATCH');

数据一致性校验算法类型来自：

SHOW MIGRATION CHECK ALGORITHMS;

示例结果：

+-------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| type        | type_aliases | supported_database_types                                     | description                |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+
| CRC32_MATCH |              | MySQL,MariaDB,H2                                             | Match CRC32 of records.    |
| DATA_MATCH  |              | SQL92,MySQL,PostgreSQL,openGauss,Oracle,SQLServer,MariaDB,H2 | Match raw data of records. |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------+

目标端开启数据加密的情况需要使用DATA_MATCH。

异构迁移需要使用DATA_MATCH。

查询数据一致性校验进度：

SHOW MIGRATION CHECK STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| tables       | result | check_failed_tables | active | inventory_finished_percentage | inventory_remaining_seconds | incremental_idle_seconds | check_begin_time        | check_end_time          | duration_seconds | algorithm_type | algorithm_props | error_message |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| ds_0.t_order | true   |                     | false  | 100                           | 0                           |                          | 2023-09-20 14:45:31.992 | 2023-09-20 14:45:33.519 | 1                | DATA_MATCH     |                 |               |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+

完成作业。

COMMIT MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

更多 DistSQL 请参见 RAL #数据迁移。

PostgreSQL 使用手册

环境要求

支持的 PostgreSQL 版本：9.4 或以上版本。

权限要求

源端开启 test_decoding。
源端调整 WAL 配置。

postgresql.conf 示例配置：

wal_level = logical
max_wal_senders = 10
max_replication_slots = 10
wal_sender_timeout = 0
max_connections = 600

详情请参见 Write Ahead Log 和 Replication。

赋予源端 PostgreSQL 账号 replication 权限。

pg_hba.conf 示例配置：

host replication repl_acct 0.0.0.0/0 md5

详情请参见 The pg_hba.conf File。

赋予源端 PostgreSQL 账号 DDL DML 权限。

如果使用非超级管理员账号进行迁移，要求该账号在迁移时用到的数据库上，具备 CREATE 和 CONNECT 的权限。

示例：

GRANT CREATE, CONNECT ON DATABASE migration_ds_0 TO migration_user;

还需要账号对迁移的表和 schema 具备访问权限，以 test schema 下的 t_order 表为例。

\c migration_ds_0
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA test TO GROUP migration_user;
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE test.t_order TO migration_user;

PostgreSQL 有 OWNER 的概念，如果是数据库，SCHEMA，表的 OWNER，则可以省略对应的授权步骤。

详情请参见 PostgreSQL GRANT

完整流程示例

前提条件

在 PostgreSQL 已准备好源端库、表、数据。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_0;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_0;
\c migration_ds_0
CREATE TABLE t_order (order_id INT NOT NULL, user_id INT NOT NULL, status VARCHAR(45) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (order_id));
INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (1,2,'ok'),(2,4,'ok'),(3,6,'ok'),(4,1,'ok'),(5,3,'ok'),(6,5,'ok');

在 PostgreSQL 准备目标端库。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_10;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_10;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_11;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_11;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_12;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_12;

操作步骤

在 proxy 新建逻辑数据库并配置好存储单元和规则。

CREATE DATABASE sharding_db;
\c sharding_db
REGISTER STORAGE UNIT ds_2 (
    URL="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_10",
    USER="postgres",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_3 (
    URL="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_11",
    USER="postgres",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_4 (
    URL="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_12",
    USER="postgres",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);
CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order(
STORAGE_UNITS(ds_2,ds_3,ds_4),
SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id,
TYPE(NAME="hash_mod",PROPERTIES("sharding-count"="6")),
KEY_GENERATE_STRATEGY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME="snowflake"))
);

如果是迁移到异构数据库，那目前需要在 proxy 执行建表语句。

在 proxy 配置源端存储单元。

REGISTER MIGRATION SOURCE STORAGE UNIT ds_0 (
    URL="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_0",
    USER="postgres",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);

启动数据迁移。

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO t_order;

或者指定目标端逻辑库：

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO sharding_db.t_order;

也可以指定源端schema：

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.public.t_order INTO sharding_db.t_order;

查看数据迁移作业列表。

SHOW MIGRATION LIST;

示例结果：

+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| id                                         | tables       | job_item_count | active | create_time         | stop_time |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54 | ds_0.t_order | 1              | true   | 2023-09-20 14:41:32 | NULL      |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+

查看数据迁移详情。

SHOW MIGRATION STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| item | data_source | tables       | status                   | active | processed_records_count | inventory_finished_percentage | incremental_idle_seconds | error_message |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| 0    | ds_0        | ds_0.t_order | EXECUTE_INCREMENTAL_TASK | true   | 6                       | 100                           |                          |               |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+

执行数据一致性校验。

CHECK MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

查询数据一致性校验进度：

SHOW MIGRATION CHECK STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| tables       | result | check_failed_tables | active | inventory_finished_percentage | inventory_remaining_seconds | incremental_idle_seconds | check_begin_time        | check_end_time          | duration_seconds | algorithm_type | algorithm_props | error_message |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| ds_0.t_order | true   |                     | false  | 100                           | 0                           |                          | 2023-09-20 14:45:31.992 | 2023-09-20 14:45:33.519 | 1                | DATA_MATCH     |                 |               |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+

完成作业。

COMMIT MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

更多 DistSQL 请参见 RAL #数据迁移。

openGauss 使用手册

环境要求

支持的 openGauss 版本：2.0.1 ~ 3.0.0。

权限要求

调整源端 WAL 配置。

postgresql.conf 示例配置：

wal_level = logical
max_wal_senders = 10
max_replication_slots = 10
wal_sender_timeout = 0
max_connections = 600

详情请参见 Write Ahead Log 和 Replication。

赋予源端 openGauss 账号 replication 权限。

pg_hba.conf 示例配置：

host replication repl_acct 0.0.0.0/0 md5

详情请参见 Configuring Client Access Authentication 和 Example: Logic Replication Code。

赋予 openGauss 账号 DDL DML 权限。

如果使用非超级管理员账号进行迁移，要求该账号在迁移时用到的数据库上，具备 CREATE 和 CONNECT 的权限。

示例：

GRANT CREATE, CONNECT ON DATABASE migration_ds_0 TO migration_user;

还需要账号对迁移的表和 schema 具备访问权限，以 test schema 下的 t_order 表为例。

\c migration_ds_0
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA test TO GROUP migration_user;
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE test.t_order TO migration_user;

openGauss 有 OWNER 的概念，如果是数据库，SCHEMA，表的 OWNER，则可以省略对应的授权步骤。

openGauss 不允许普通账户在 public schema 下操作。所以如果迁移的表在 public schema 下，需要额外授权。

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO migration_user;

详情请参见 openGauss GRANT

完整流程示例

前提条件

准备好源端库、表、数据。

1.1. 同构数据库。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_0;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_0;
\c migration_ds_0
CREATE TABLE t_order (order_id INT NOT NULL, user_id INT NOT NULL, status VARCHAR(45) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (order_id));
INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (1,2,'ok'),(2,4,'ok'),(3,6,'ok'),(4,1,'ok'),(5,3,'ok'),(6,5,'ok');

1.2. 异构数据库。

MySQL 示例：

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_0;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_0 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
USE migration_ds_0;
CREATE TABLE t_order (order_id INT NOT NULL, user_id INT NOT NULL, status VARCHAR(45) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (order_id));
INSERT INTO t_order (order_id, user_id, status) VALUES (1,2,'ok'),(2,4,'ok'),(3,6,'ok'),(4,1,'ok'),(5,3,'ok'),(6,5,'ok');

在 openGauss 准备目标端库。

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_10;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_10;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_11;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_11;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migration_ds_12;
CREATE DATABASE migration_ds_12;

操作步骤

在 proxy 新建逻辑数据库并配置好存储单元和规则。

1.1. 创建逻辑库。

CREATE DATABASE sharding_db;
\c sharding_db

1.2. 注册存储单元。

REGISTER STORAGE UNIT ds_2 (
    URL="jdbc:opengauss://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_10",
    USER="gaussdb",
    PASSWORD="Root@123",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_3 (
    URL="jdbc:opengauss://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_11",
    USER="gaussdb",
    PASSWORD="Root@123",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
), ds_4 (
    URL="jdbc:opengauss://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_12",
    USER="gaussdb",
    PASSWORD="Root@123",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);

1.3. 创建分片规则。

CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order(
STORAGE_UNITS(ds_2,ds_3,ds_4),
SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id,
TYPE(NAME="hash_mod",PROPERTIES("sharding-count"="6")),
KEY_GENERATE_STRATEGY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME="snowflake"))
);

1.4. 创建目标端表。

如果是迁移到异构数据库，那目前需要在 proxy 执行建表语句。

CREATE TABLE t_order (order_id INT NOT NULL, user_id INT NOT NULL, status VARCHAR(45) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (order_id));

在 proxy 配置源端存储单元。

2.1. 同构数据库。

REGISTER MIGRATION SOURCE STORAGE UNIT ds_0 (
    URL="jdbc:opengauss://127.0.0.1:5432/migration_ds_0",
    USER="gaussdb",
    PASSWORD="Root@123",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);

2.2. 异构数据库。

MySQL 示例：

REGISTER MIGRATION SOURCE STORAGE UNIT ds_0 (
    URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/migration_ds_0?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false",
    USER="root",
    PASSWORD="root",
    PROPERTIES("minPoolSize"="1","maxPoolSize"="20","idleTimeout"="60000")
);

启动数据迁移。

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO t_order;

或者指定目标端逻辑库：

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.t_order INTO sharding_db.t_order;

也可以指定源端schema：

MIGRATE TABLE ds_0.public.t_order INTO sharding_db.t_order;

查看数据迁移作业列表。

SHOW MIGRATION LIST;

示例结果：

+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| id                                         | tables       | job_item_count | active | create_time         | stop_time |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+
| j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54 | ds_0.t_order | 1              | true   | 2023-09-20 14:41:32 | NULL      |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------+----------------+--------+---------------------+-----------+

查看数据迁移详情。

SHOW MIGRATION STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| item | data_source | tables       | status                   | active | processed_records_count | inventory_finished_percentage | incremental_idle_seconds | error_message |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| 0    | ds_0        | ds_0.t_order | EXECUTE_INCREMENTAL_TASK | true   | 6                       | 100                           |                          |               |
+------+-------------+--------------+--------------------------+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------+

执行数据一致性校验。

CHECK MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

查询数据一致性校验进度：

SHOW MIGRATION CHECK STATUS 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

示例结果：

+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| tables       | result | check_failed_tables | active | inventory_finished_percentage | inventory_remaining_seconds | incremental_idle_seconds | check_begin_time        | check_end_time          | duration_seconds | algorithm_type | algorithm_props | error_message |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+
| ds_0.t_order | true   |                     | false  | 100                           | 0                           |                          | 2023-09-20 14:45:31.992 | 2023-09-20 14:45:33.519 | 1                | DATA_MATCH     |                 |               |
+--------------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+

完成作业。

COMMIT MIGRATION 'j0102p00002333dcb3d9db141cef14bed6fbf1ab54';

更多 DistSQL 请参见 RAL #数据迁移。