模式
Ask
Ask模式允许actor
将actor
发送到actor系统之外。 该值作为Future
传递。
让我们来看看它是如何工作的:
extern crate riker_patterns;
use riker_patterns::ask;
struct MyActor;
impl Actor for MyActor {
type Msg = u32;
fn receive(&mut self,
ctx: &Context<Self::Msg>,
msg: Self::Msg,
sender: ActorRef<Self::Msg>) {
// sender is the Ask, waiting to a message to be sent back to it
sender.try_tell(msg * 2, Some(ctx.myself()));
}
}
fn main() {
let model: DefaultModel<u32> = DefaultModel::new();
let sys = ActorSystem::new(&model).unwrap();
let props = MyActor::props();
let my_actor = sys.actor_of(props, "my-actor");
// ask returns a future that automatically is driven
// to completion by the system.
let res = ask(&sys, &my_actor, 100);
// the result future can be passed to a library or fuction that
// expects a future, or it can be extracted locally using `block_on`.
let res = block_on(res).unwrap();
println!("The result value is: {}", res);
}
在背后,Ask设置了一个临时的中级 Actor
,该 Actor
在问的一生中生活。其他 Actor
将此临时 Actor
视为发件人,并可以向其发送消息。当临时询问者收到一条消息时,它会完成未完成的 Future
,并自行停止清理。
当您拥有在actor系统之外运行的应用程序的一部分时,或者在另一个actor系统中,例如服务于API请求的Web服务器(例如Hyper)时,Ask特别有用。然后可以将生成的 Future
链接为 Future
堆栈的一部分。
Transform
变换使得基于其当前状态的 Actor
行为更容易被推理。由于参与者维持状态,并且确实是主要关注点,因此能够基于该状态以不同方式处理消息非常重要。 Transform模式通过为每个状态专用接收函数来分离消息处理。这节省了过多的匹配以处理几种可能的状态,即处理行为在状态改变时而不是在每个消息接收时被抢占。
信息 : 如果你熟悉JVM上的Akka,变换就像变成了。
#[macro_use]
extern crate riker_patterns;
use riker_patterns::ask;
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum MyMsg {
SetPassword(String), // password
Authenticate(String), // password
}
impl Into<ActorMsg<MyMsg>> for MyMsg {
fn into(self) -> ActorMsg<MyMsg> {
ActorMsg::User(self)
}
}
struct UserActor {
username: String,
password: Option<String>,
// rec field is required to store current method to be used
rec: Receive<UserActor, MyMsg>,
}
impl UserActor {
fn actor(username: String) -> BoxActor<MyMsg> {
let actor = UserActor {
username,
password: None,
rec: Self::created, // <-- set initial method to `created` stated
};
Box::new(actor)
}
fn props(username: String) -> BoxActorProd<MyMsg> {
Props::new_args(Box::new(UserActor::actor), username)
}
/// Receive method for this actor when it is in a created state
/// i.e. password has not yet been set.
fn created(&mut self,
ctx: &Context<MyMsg>,
msg: MyMsg,
sender: Option<ActorRef<MyMsg>>) {
match msg {
MyMsg::SetPassword(passwd) => {
self.password = Some(passwd);
// send back a result to sender
// e.g. `sender.try_tell(Ok, None);`
// transform behavior to active state
transform!(self, UserActor::active);
}
MyMsg::Authenticate(passwd) => {
// `MyMsg::Authenticate` is invalid since no user password
// has been set.
// Signal that this is an error for the current state
self.probe.as_ref().unwrap().0.event(ProbeMsg::Err);
}
}
}
/// Receive method for this actor when a password has been set
/// and the user account is now active.
fn active(&mut self,
ctx: &Context<MyMsg>,
msg: MyMsg,
sender: Option<ActorRef<MyMsg>>) {
match msg {
MyMsg::Authenticate(passwd) => {
// send back an authentication result to sender
// e.g. `sender.try_tell(Ok, None);`
// signal that this is correct
self.probe.as_ref().unwrap().0.event(ProbeMsg::Ok);
}
MyMsg::SetPassword(passwd) => {
// set a new password
self.password = Some(passwd);
}
}
}
}
impl Actor for UserActor {
type Msg = MyMsg;
fn receive(&mut self,
ctx: &Context<Self::Msg>,
msg: Self::Msg,
sender: Option<ActorRef<Self::Msg>>) {
// just call the currently set transform function
(self.rec)(self, ctx, msg, sender)
}
}
注意 : 改造! 宏期望将self上当前接收函数的字段名称命名为rec。 使用不同的名称很容易,也可以使用自己的宏,或者只使用标准代码设置功能。 变换的优势! 因为它与标准代码不同,所以在转换发生时很容易阅读和识别。
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