Python locals()函数

原文： https://thepythonguru.com/python-builtin-functions/locals/

于 2020 年 1 月 7 日更新

locals()函数返回一个字典，其中包含在本地名称空间中定义的变量。 在全局名称空间中调用locals()与调用globals()相同，并返回代表模块全局名称空间的字典。

其语法如下：

  1. locals() -> dictionary containg local scope variables

这是一个例子：

  1. #!/usr/bin/python3
  3. from pprint import pprint
  5. a = 10
  6. b = 20
  8. def foo():
  9.     x = 30 # x and y are local variables
  10.     y = 40
  12. print("locals() = {0}".format(locals()))
  14. pprint(locals()) # same as calling globals()
  16. print('*' * 80)
  18. print("locals() == globals()? ", locals() == globals())
  20. print('*' * 80)
  22. foo()

预期输出：

  1. {'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,
  2. '__cached__': None,
  3. '__doc__': None,
  4. '__file__': 'module1.py',
  5. '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7fa18790a828>,
  6. '__name__': '__main__',
  7. '__package__': None,
  8. '__spec__': None,
  9. 'a': 10,
  10. 'b': 20,
  11. 'foo': <function foo at 0x7fa1878752f0>,
  12. 'pprint': <function pprint at 0x7fa1878756a8>}
  14. ********************************************************************************
  16. locals() == globals()? True
  18. ********************************************************************************
  20. locals() = {'y': 40, 'x': 30}

试试看：

  1. from pprint import pprint
  3. a = 10
  4. b = 20
  6. def foo():
  7.     x = 30 # x and y are local variables
  8.     y = 40
  10. print("locals() = {0}".format(locals()))
  12. pprint(locals()) # same as calling globals()
  14. print('*' * 80)
  16. print("locals() == globals()? ", locals() == globals())
  18. print('*' * 80)
  20. foo()