3.13 计算最后一个周五的日期
问题
你需要查找星期中某一天最后出现的日期,比如星期五。
解决方案
Python的 datetime
模块中有工具函数和类可以帮助你执行这样的计算。下面是对类似这样的问题的一个通用解决方案:
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
- """
- Topic: 最后的周五
- Desc :
- """
- from datetime import datetime, timedelta
- weekdays = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday',
- 'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
- def get_previous_byday(dayname, start_date=None):
- if start_date is None:
- start_date = datetime.today()
- day_num = start_date.weekday()
- day_num_target = weekdays.index(dayname)
- days_ago = (7 + day_num - day_num_target) % 7
- if days_ago == 0:
- days_ago = 7
- target_date = start_date - timedelta(days=days_ago)
- return target_date
在交互式解释器中使用如下:
- >>> datetime.today() # For reference
- datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 28, 22, 4, 30, 263076)
- >>> get_previous_byday('Monday')
- datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 27, 22, 3, 57, 29045)
- >>> get_previous_byday('Tuesday') # Previous week, not today
- datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 21, 22, 4, 12, 629771)
- >>> get_previous_byday('Friday')
- datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 24, 22, 5, 9, 911393)
- >>>
可选的 start_date
参数可以由另外一个 datetime
实例来提供。比如:
- >>> get_previous_byday('Sunday', datetime(2012, 12, 21))
- datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 16, 0, 0)
- >>>
讨论
上面的算法原理是这样的:先将开始日期和目标日期映射到星期数组的位置上(星期一索引为0),然后通过模运算计算出目标日期要经过多少天才能到达开始日期。然后用开始日期减去那个时间差即得到结果日期。
如果你要像这样执行大量的日期计算的话,你最好安装第三方包 python-dateutil
来代替。比如,下面是是使用 dateutil
模块中的 relativedelta()
函数执行同样的计算:
- >>> from datetime import datetime
- >>> from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
- >>> from dateutil.rrule import *
- >>> d = datetime.now()
- >>> print(d)
- 2012-12-23 16:31:52.718111
- >>> # Next Friday
- >>> print(d + relativedelta(weekday=FR))
- 2012-12-28 16:31:52.718111
- >>>
- >>> # Last Friday
- >>> print(d + relativedelta(weekday=FR(-1)))
- 2012-12-21 16:31:52.718111
- >>>
原文:
http://python3-cookbook.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/c03/p13_determine_last_friday_date.html