glob —- Unix style pathname pattern expansion

Source code:Lib/glob.py

The glob module finds all the pathnames matching a specified patternaccording to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned inarbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but *, ?, and characterranges expressed with [] will be correctly matched. This is done by usingthe os.scandir() and fnmatch.fnmatch() functions in concert, andnot by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike fnmatch.fnmatch(),glob treats filenames beginning with a dot (.) as special cases.(For tilde and shell variable expansion, use os.path.expanduser() andos.path.expandvars().)

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.For example, '[?]' matches the character '?'.

参见

pathlib 模块提供高级路径对象。

  • glob.glob(pathname, *, recursive=False)
  • Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match pathname, which must bea string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute(like /usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile) or relative (like../../Tools//.gif), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Brokensymlinks are included in the results (as in the shell).

If recursive is true, the pattern "**" will match any files and zero ormore directories, subdirectories and symbolic links to directories. If thepattern is followed by an os.sep or os.altsep then files will notmatch.

注解

在一个较大的目录树中使用 "**" 模式可能会消耗非常多的时间。

在 3.5 版更改: Support for recursive globs using "**".

  • glob.iglob(pathname, *, recursive=False)
  • Return an iterator which yields the same values as glob()without actually storing them all simultaneously.
  • glob.escape(pathname)
  • Escape all special characters ('?', '*' and '[').This is useful if you want to match an arbitrary literal string that mayhave special characters in it. Special characters in drive/UNCsharepoints are not escaped, e.g. on Windowsescape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt') returns '//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'.

3.4 新版功能.

For example, consider a directory containing the following files:1.gif, 2.txt, card.gif and a subdirectory subwhich contains only the file 3.txt. glob() will producethe following results. Notice how any leading components of the path arepreserved.

  1. >>> import glob
  2. >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
  3. ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
  4. >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
  5. ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
  6. >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
  7. ['1.gif']
  8. >>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
  9. ['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
  10. >>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
  11. ['./', './sub/']

If the directory contains files starting with . they won't be matched bydefault. For example, consider a directory containing card.gif and.card.gif:

  1. >>> import glob
  2. >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
  3. ['card.gif']
  4. >>> glob.glob('.c*')
  5. ['.card.gif']

参见

  • Module fnmatch
  • Shell-style filename (not path) expansion