Chapter 1:Puppet基础篇 - 安装、配置并使用Puppet - 《puppet运维实战》

Puppet基础篇4-安装、配置并使用Puppet
一、安装Puppetmaster
二、安装Agent
三、编写简单的motd模块
四、测试motd模块

Puppet基础篇4-安装、配置并使用Puppet

Puppet前期环境（网络、解析、yum源、NTP）在上一章节已经准备就绪，接下来我们就开始安装Puppet了，安装Puppet其实很简单，官方已经提供了yum源，只需要自己将所需要的安装包下载下来然后做成本地yum源即可使用。
注意：本实验完全采用自定义的certname名，如果不设置默认会使用系统变量hostname的值。

一、安装Puppetmaster

1、安装Puppet-server、puppet和facter

[root@puppetmaster ~]# yum install puppet puppet-server facter -y #系统会自己安装一些ruby依赖包环境

2、配置puppet.conf
注意：这个里面配置了两个certname名称，其中[master]中配置的certname是为所有节点认证用的master名称，[agent]中配置的certname是他本身agent的名称，当然不配置默认是和master的名称是一样的。

[root@puppetmaster ~]# cp /etc/puppet/puppet.conf{,.bak}   #备份
[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf  #注释已经删除
[main]
    logdir = /var/log/puppet  #默认日志存放路径
    rundir = /var/run/puppet  #pid存放路径
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl #证书存放目录，默认$vardir为/var/lib/puppet
[agent]
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
    server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #设置agent认证连接master端的服务器名称，注意这个名字必须能够被节点解析
    certname = puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com #设置agent端certname名称
[master]
    certname = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com  puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #设置puppetmaster认证服务器名

3、创建site.pp文件
site.pp文件是puppet读取所有模块pp文件的开始，在3.0版本以前必须设置，否则服务无法启动。

[root@puppetmaster ~]# touch /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp

4、启动puppetmaster服务

[root@puppetmaster ~]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster start
Starting puppetmaster:       
                          [  OK  ]
[root@puppetmaster ~]# chkconfig puppetmaster on #设置开机启动

5、查看本地证书情况
puppetmaster第一次启动会自动生成证书自动注册自己

[root@puppetmaster ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│   ├── ca_crl.pem
│   ├── ca_crt.pem
│   ├── ca_key.pem
│   ├── ca_pub.pem
│   ├── inventory.txt
│   ├── private
│   │   └── ca.pass
│   ├── requests
│   ├── serial
│   └── signed
│       └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem  #已注册
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│   ├── ca.pem
│   └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│   └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
    └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
9 directories, 13 files
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all  #带+标示已经注册成功
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")

6、查看监听状态
puppetmaster服务开启后，默认监听TCP 8140端口

[root@puppetmaster ~]# netstat -nlatp | grep 8140
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8140                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1976/ruby           
[root@puppetmaster ~]# lsof -i:8140
COMMAND    PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
puppetmas 1976 puppet    5u  IPv4  14331      0t0  TCP *:8140 (LISTEN)

二、安装Agent

以agent1为例

1、安装puppet和facter

[root@agent1 ~]# yum install puppet facter #系统会自己安装一些ruby依赖包环境

2、配置puppet.conf

[root@agent1 ~]# cp /etc/puppet/puppet.conf{,.bak}
[root@agent1 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
[main]
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl
[agent]
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
    server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com  #指向puppetmaster端
    certname = agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com #设置自己的certname名

3、通过调试模式启动节点向Puppetmaster端发起认证

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test
info: Creating a new SSL key for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Caching certificate for ca
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled

4、服务器端确定认证

[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看认证情况
  "agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com"  (69:D2:86:E4:7F:00:E0:55:61:19:02:34:9E:9B:AF:F9) #未认证
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --sign agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com #注册agent1
notice: Signed certificate request for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #再次查看认证情况
+ "agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com"  (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com" (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
[root@puppetmaster ~]# tree /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ #另外一种查看认证的方式
/var/lib/puppet/ssl/
├── ca
│   ├── ca_crl.pem
│   ├── ca_crt.pem
│   ├── ca_key.pem
│   ├── ca_pub.pem
│   ├── inventory.txt
│   ├── private
│   │   └── ca.pass
│   ├── requests
│   ├── serial
│   └── signed
│       ├── agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem  #已经注册成功
│       └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── certificate_requests
├── certs
│   ├── ca.pem
│   └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
├── crl.pem
├── private
├── private_keys
│   └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
└── public_keys
    └── puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com.pem
9 directories, 14 files

5、其它节点一起认证

[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet agent --test #puppetmaster自己申请agent认证
info: Creating a new SSL key for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 7D:AC:F7:97:04:2B:E4:C5:74:4A:16:05:DB:F6:6A:98
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --sign --all #注册所有请求的节点
notice: Signed certificate request for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
notice: Signed certificate request for agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
notice: Signed certificate request for agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com.pem'
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet cert --list --all #查看所有节点认证
+ "agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com"       (3E:46:4E:75:34:9A:5A:62:A6:3C:AE:BD:49:EE:C0:F5)
+ "agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com"       (A0:CE:70:BE:A9:11:BF:F4:C8:EF:25:8E:C2:2C:3B:B7)
+ "agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com"       (98:93:F7:0C:ED:94:81:3D:51:14:86:68:2B:F3:F1:A0)
+ "puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com"      (C0:E3:6B:76:36:EC:92:93:4D:BF:F0:8F:77:00:91:C8) (alt names: "DNS:puppet", "DNS:puppet.kisspuppet.com", "DNS:puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com")
+ "puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com" (57:A3:D7:3D:64:2F:D6:FD:BC:2A:6C:79:68:73:EA:AB)

三、编写简单的motd模块

1、创建模块目录结构
注意：再未指定modulepath搜索路径的情况下，会有默认搜索路径的，可通过以下方式查看到

[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet master --genconfig >/etc/puppet/puppet.conf.out
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/puppet/puppet.conf.out | grep modulepath
    modulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/usr/share/puppet/modules
[root@puppetmaster modules]# tree /etc/puppet/modules/
/etc/puppet/modules/
└── motd
    ├── files  #存放文件目录
    │   └── etc
    │       └── motd
    ├── manifests  #存放模块pp配置文件目录
    │   └── init.pp
    └── templates #存放模板目录
5 directories, 2 files

2、编写pp文件

[root@puppetmaster modules]# vim motd/manifests/init.pp 
class motd{                 #定义一个类叫motd
  package{ 'setup':    #定义package资源
    ensure => present,  #要求setup这个包处于被安装状态
  }
  file{ '/etc/motd':  #定义file资源
    ensure  => present,  #要求file文件处于存在状态
    owner   => 'root', #要求file文件属主为root
    group   => 'root', #要求file文件属组为root
    mode    => '0644', #要求file文件权限为644
    source  => "puppet://$puppetserver/modules/motd/etc/motd", #要求file文件从puppetmaster端服务器下载
    require => Package['setup'], #要求文件被配置之前先执行package资源
  }
}
[root@puppetmaster modules]# cat motd/files/etc/motd 
--                       --
--------puppet test---------
--                       --

3、编写site.pp文件

[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp 
$puppetserver = 'puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com' #设置全局变量
node 'puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
  include  motd
}
node 'agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
  include  motd
}
node 'agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
  include  motd
}
node 'agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com'{
  include  motd
}

四、测试motd模块

[root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent --test  #测试节点agent1
info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394304542'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: 
--- /etc/motd    2000-01-13 07:18:52.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140309-4571-1vqc18j-0    2014-03-09 02:51:47.000000000 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--                       --
+--------puppet test---------
+--                       --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.40 seconds
[root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/motd 
--                       --
--------puppet test---------
--                       --
[root@agent1 ~]# 
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet agent -t  #测试节点puppetmaster
info: Caching catalog for puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com
info: Applying configuration version '1394305371'
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: 
--- /etc/motd    2010-01-12 21:28:22.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/puppet-file20140309-3102-1gadon0-0    2014-03-09 03:02:51.966998294 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--                       --
+--------puppet test---------
+--                       --
info: FileBucket adding {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1'
info: Creating state file /var/lib/puppet/state/state.yaml
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.52 seconds
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/motd 
--                       --
--------puppet test---------
--                       --