用户自定义变量

用户自定义变量格式为 @var_namevar_name 目前只支持字母,数字,_$组成。用户自定义变量是大小写不敏感的。

用户自定义变量是跟 session 绑定的,也就是说只有当前连接可以看见设置的用户变量,其他客户端连接无法查看到。

SET 语句可以设置用户自定义变量:

  1. SET @var_name = expr [, @var_name = expr] ...
  2. SET @var_name := expr

对于 SET 语句,赋值操作符可以是 = 也可以是 :=

例:

  1. mysql> SET @a1=1, @a2=2, @a3:=4;
  2. mysql> SELECT @a1, @a2, @t3, @a4 := @a1+@a2+@a3;
  3. +------+------+------+--------------------+
  4. | @a1 | @a2 | @a3 | @a4 := @a1+@a2+@a3 |
  5. +------+------+------+--------------------+
  6. | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
  7. +------+------+------+--------------------+

如果设置用户变量用了 HEX 或者 BIT 值,TiDB会把它当成二进制字符串。如果你要将其设置成数字,那么需要手动加上 CAST转换: CAST(.. AS UNSIGNED)

  1. mysql> SELECT @v1, @v2, @v3;
  2. +------+------+------+
  3. | @v1 | @v2 | @v3 |
  4. +------+------+------+
  5. | A | 65 | 65 |
  6. +------+------+------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  8. mysql> SET @v1 = b'1000001';
  9. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  10. mysql> SET @v2 = b'1000001'+0;
  11. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  12. mysql> SET @v3 = CAST(b'1000001' AS UNSIGNED);
  13. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  14. mysql> SELECT @v1, @v2, @v3;
  15. +------+------+------+
  16. | @v1 | @v2 | @v3 |
  17. +------+------+------+
  18. | A | 65 | 65 |
  19. +------+------+------+
  20. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果获取一个没有设置过的变量,会返回一个 NULL:

  1. mysql> select @not_exist;
  2. +------------+
  3. | @not_exist |
  4. +------------+
  5. | NULL |
  6. +------------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

用户自定义变量不能直接在 SQL 语句中被当成 identifier,例:

  1. mysql> select * from t;
  2. +------+
  3. | a |
  4. +------+
  5. | 1 |
  6. +------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  8. mysql> SET @col = "a";
  9. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  10. mysql> SELECT @col FROM t;
  11. +------+
  12. | @col |
  13. +------+
  14. | a |
  15. +------+
  16. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  17. mysql> SELECT `@col` FROM t;
  18. ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column '@col' in 'field list'
  19. mysql> SET @col = "`a`";
  20. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  21. mysql> SELECT @col FROM t;
  22. +------+
  23. | @col |
  24. +------+
  25. | `a` |
  26. +------+
  27. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

但是有一个例外是如果你在 PREPARE 语句中使用它,是可以的:

  1. mysql> PREPARE stmt FROM "SELECT @c FROM t";
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  3. mysql> EXECUTE stmt;
  4. +------+
  5. | @c |
  6. +------+
  7. | a |
  8. +------+
  9. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  10. mysql> DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
  11. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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