Synonym词典

Synonym词典用于定义、识别token的同义词并转化，不支持词组（词组形式的同义词可用Thesaurus词典定义，详细请参见Thesaurus词典）。

示例

• Synonym词典可用于解决语言学相关问题，例如，为避免使单词”Paris”变成”pari”，可在Synonym词典文件中定义一行”Paris paris”，并将该词典放置在预定义的english_stem词典之前。

  postgres=# SELECT * FROM ts_debug('english', 'Paris');
     alias   |   description   | token |  dictionaries  |  dictionary  | lexemes 
  -----------+-----------------+-------+----------------+--------------+---------
   asciiword | Word, all ASCII | Paris | {english_stem} | english_stem | {pari}
  (1 row)
  postgres=# CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY my_synonym (
      TEMPLATE = synonym,
      SYNONYMS = my_synonyms,
      FILEPATH = 'file:///home/dicts/' 
  );
  postgres=# ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION english
      ALTER MAPPING FOR asciiword
      WITH my_synonym, english_stem;
  postgres=# SELECT * FROM ts_debug('english', 'Paris');
     alias   |   description   | token |       dictionaries        | dictionary | lexemes 
  -----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------
   asciiword | Word, all ASCII | Paris | {my_synonym,english_stem} | my_synonym | {paris}
  (1 row)
  postgres=# SELECT * FROM ts_debug('english', 'paris');
     alias   |   description   | token |       dictionaries        | dictionary | lexemes 
  -----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------
   asciiword | Word, all ASCII | Paris | {my_synonym,english_stem} | my_synonym | {paris}
  (1 row)
  postgres=# ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY my_synonym ( CASESENSITIVE=true);
  postgres=# SELECT * FROM ts_debug('english', 'Paris');
     alias   |   description   | token |       dictionaries        | dictionary | lexemes 
  -----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------
   asciiword | Word, all ASCII | Paris | {my_synonym,english_stem} | my_synonym | {paris}
  (1 row)
  postgres=# SELECT * FROM ts_debug('english', 'paris');
     alias   |   description   | token |       dictionaries        | dictionary | lexemes 
  -----------+-----------------+-------+---------------------------+------------+---------
   asciiword | Word, all ASCII | Paris | {my_synonym,english_stem} | my_synonym | {pari}
  (1 row)

  其中，同义词词典文件全名为my_synonyms.syn，所在目录为当前连接数据库主节点的/home/dicts/下。关于创建词典的语法和更多参数，请参见ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY。

• 星号（*）可用于词典文件中的同义词结尾，表示该同义词是一个前缀。在to_tsvector()中该星号将被忽略，但在to_tsquery()中会匹配该前缀并对应输出结果（参照处理查询一节）。

  假设词典文件synonym_sample.syn内容如下：

  postgres        pgsql
  postgresql      pgsql 
  postgre pgsql 
  gogle   googl 
  indices index*

  创建并使用词典：

  postgres=# CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY syn (
      TEMPLATE = synonym,
      SYNONYMS = synonym_sample
  );
  postgres=# SELECT ts_lexize('syn','indices');
   ts_lexize 
  -----------
   {index}
  (1 row)
  postgres=# CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION tst (copy=simple);
  postgres=# ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION tst ALTER MAPPING FOR asciiword WITH syn;
  postgres=# SELECT to_tsvector('tst','indices');
   to_tsvector 
  -------------
   'index':1
  (1 row)
  postgres=# SELECT to_tsquery('tst','indices');
   to_tsquery 
  ------------
   'index':*
  (1 row)
  postgres=# SELECT 'indexes are very useful'::tsvector;
              tsvector             
  ---------------------------------
   'are' 'indexes' 'useful' 'very'
  (1 row)
  postgres=# SELECT 'indexes are very useful'::tsvector @@ to_tsquery('tst','indices');
   ?column? 
  ----------
   t
  (1 row)