Opening and Closing a Financial Year when you are already using OpenERP for your Accounting

At the end of a financial year, you will have to transfer the closing balance of that year as an opening balance to the new financial year. OpenERP allows you to automatically post such an entry. You can transfer the new opening balance numerous times, because it is impossible to close a year at once. Correction entries will have to be made, due to which balances will change. The new balance can easily be transferred through a wizard, so you do not have to keep track of each correction entry made in the previous financial year.

注解

OpenERP Accounting

This procedure is valid if you already have a financial year in OpenERP.

Steps to Open a new Financial Year in an existing OpenERP Configuration

Before generating the opening balance for your various accounts, you have to go through several steps.

. Create the new Financial Year Create the new financial year as explained in 定义一个会计期间或者会计年度.

. Define an Opening Period Go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Financial Accounting ‣ Periods ‣ Periods and create a new period for the financial year you wish to open (in case it has not been generated automatically). Make sure to link the period to the newly defined financial year. Select the Opening/Closing Period checkbox to indicate that this period should be used for opening entries. Both dates typically match the first day of your financial year (e.g. 01/01/YYYY).

. Check the Account Types Before generating the opening entries, make sure to check the defined account types, more specifically the Deferral Method. The deferral method determines whether and how account entries will be transferred to the new financial year. There are four possible deferral methods: None, Balance, Detail, Unreconciled.

. Check the Link between Account and Account Type. Check whether each account is linked to the correct account type to avoid generating an incorrect opening entry.

. Create an Opening/Closing Journal Go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Financial Accounting ‣ Journals ‣ Journals Create a new journal to post your opening entries. Make sure to respect the following settings:

1. Type should be Opening/Closing Situation.

2. Standard debit/credit account could be something like 111300 Reserve and Profit & Loss Account (generic chart of accounts).

3. Centralised counterpart will be checked automatically when you save the journal, to avoid a counterpart on each line, and instead have one debit and one credit entry on the corresponding opening account.

4. The Entry Sequence will also be created automatically on save.

生成期初分录

根据公司的账簿实际数据，进入菜单： 会计(Accounting) ‣ 周期性处理(Periodical Processing) ‣ 结束会计期间(End of Period) ‣ 产生开启分录(Generate Opening Entries) OpenERP提供了一个生成账簿期初的向导。

In the wizard, enter the financial year for which you want to transfer the balances (fiscal year to close). Select the new financial year (the year in which you want to generate the opening entry). You also have to select the journal and the period to post the opening entries. The description for the opening entry is proposed by default, but of course you can enter your own description, such as Opening Entry for financial year YYYY. Then you click the Create button to generate the opening entry according to the settings defined.

To have a look at the draft opening entry that has been generated, go to Accounting ‣ Journal Entries ‣ Journal Entries. Click the Unposted button to filter only draft entries. Open the corresponding entry and verify the data. Click the Post button to confirm the entry.

注解

上财年变动

As long as the audit is ongoing, extra entries may be added to the financial year to close. To automatically have the correct balances, OpenERP allows you to use the Cancel Opening Entries wizard. This wizard will automatically cancel the existing opening entry.

To update the balances to show the correct results, you should run the Generate Opening Entries:guilabel: wizard again. The new opening entry will contain the correct balances. This way, you can generate your opening entry as many times as required.

会计年度结账

To close a financial year, use the menu Accounting‣ Periodical Processing ‣ End of Period ‣ Close a Fiscal Year. A wizard opens asking you for the essential information it needs to close the following year.

When the year is closed, you can no longer create or modify any financial transactions in that year. So you should always make a backup of the database before closing the fiscal year. Closing a year is not mandatory, and you could easily do that sometime in the following year, when your accounts are finally sent to the statutory authorities, and no further modifications are permitted.

关闭财年