Managing nodes

Overview

You can manage nodes in your instance using the CLI.

When you perform node management operations, the CLI interacts with node objects that are representations of actual node hosts. The master uses the information from node objects to validate nodes with health checks.

Listing nodes

To list all nodes that are known to the master:

$ oc get nodes
NAME                   STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
master.example.com     Ready     master    7h        v1.9.1+a0ce1bc657
node1.example.com      Ready     compute   7h        v1.9.1+a0ce1bc657
node2.example.com      Ready     compute   7h        v1.9.1+a0ce1bc657

To list all nodes with information on a project’s pod deployment with node information

$ oc get nodes -o wide
NAME                           STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION           EXTERNAL-IP      OS-IMAGE                                      KERNEL-VERSION          CONTAINER-RUNTIME
ip-172-18-0-39.ec2.internal    Ready     infra     1d        v1.10.0+b81c8f8   54.172.185.130   Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.5 (Maipo)   3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64   docker://1.13.1
ip-172-18-10-95.ec2.internal   Ready     master    1d        v1.10.0+b81c8f8   54.88.22.81      Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.5 (Maipo)   3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64   docker://1.13.1
ip-172-18-8-35.ec2.internal    Ready     compute   1d        v1.10.0+b81c8f8   34.230.50.57     Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.5 (Maipo)   3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64   docker://1.13.1

To list only information about a single node, replace <node> with the full node name:

$ oc get node <node>

The STATUS column in the output of these commands can show nodes with the following conditions:

To get more detailed information about a specific node, including the reason for the current condition:

$ oc describe node <node>

For example:

$ oc describe node node1.example.com
Name:               node1.example.com (1)
Roles:              compute (2)
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64 (3)
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=m01.example.com
                    node-role.kubernetes.io/compute=true
                    node-role.kubernetes.io/infra=true
                    node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true
                    zone=default
Annotations:        volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach=true  (4)
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 24 May 2018 11:46:56 -0400
Taints:             <none>   (5)
Unschedulable:      false
Conditions:                  (6)
  Type             Status  LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason                       Message
  ----             ------  -----------------                 ------------------                ------                       -------
  OutOfDisk        False   Tue, 17 Jul 2018 11:47:30 -0400   Tue, 10 Jul 2018 15:45:16 -0400   KubeletHasSufficientDisk     kubelet has sufficient disk space available
  MemoryPressure   False   Tue, 17 Jul 2018 11:47:30 -0400   Tue, 10 Jul 2018 15:45:16 -0400   KubeletHasSufficientMemory   kubelet has sufficient memory available
  DiskPressure     False   Tue, 17 Jul 2018 11:47:30 -0400   Tue, 10 Jul 2018 16:03:54 -0400   KubeletHasNoDiskPressure     kubelet has no disk pressure
  Ready            True    Tue, 17 Jul 2018 11:47:30 -0400   Mon, 16 Jul 2018 15:10:25 -0400   KubeletReady                 kubelet is posting ready status
  PIDPressure      False   Tue, 17 Jul 2018 11:47:30 -0400   Thu, 05 Jul 2018 10:06:51 -0400   KubeletHasSufficientPID      kubelet has sufficient PID available
Addresses:                   (7)
  InternalIP:  192.168.122.248
  Hostname:    node1.example.com
Capacity:                    (8)
 cpu:            2
 hugepages-2Mi:  0
 memory:         8010336Ki
 pods:           40
Allocatable:
 cpu:            2
 hugepages-2Mi:  0
 memory:         7907936Ki
 pods:           40
System Info:                 (9)
 Machine ID:                         b3adb9acbc49fc1f9a7d6
 System UUID:                        B3ADB9A-B0CB-C49FC1F9A7D6
 Boot ID:                            9359d15aec9-81a20aef5876
 Kernel Version:                     3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64
 OS Image:                           OpenShift Enterprise
 Operating System:                   linux
 Architecture:                       amd64
 Container Runtime Version:          docker://1.13.1
 Kubelet Version:                    v1.10.0+b81c8f8
 Kube-Proxy Version:                 v1.10.0+b81c8f8
ExternalID:                          node1.example.com
Non-terminated Pods:                 (14 in total)       (10)
  Namespace                          Name                                  CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits
  ---------                          ----                                  ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------
  default                            docker-registry-2-w252l               100m (5%)     0 (0%)      256Mi (3%)       0 (0%)
  default                            registry-console-2-dpnc9              0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  default                            router-2-5snb2                        100m (5%)     0 (0%)      256Mi (3%)       0 (0%)
  kube-service-catalog               apiserver-jh6gt                       0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  kube-service-catalog               controller-manager-z4t5j              0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  kube-system                        master-api-m01.example.com            0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  kube-system                        master-controllers-m01.example.com    0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  kube-system                        master-etcd-m01.example.com           0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  openshift-ansible-service-broker   asb-1-hnn5t                           0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  openshift-node                     sync-dvhvs                            0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  openshift-sdn                      ovs-zjs5k                             100m (5%)     200m (10%)  300Mi (3%)       400Mi (5%)
  openshift-sdn                      sdn-zr4cb                             100m (5%)     0 (0%)      200Mi (2%)       0 (0%)
  openshift-template-service-broker  apiserver-s9n7t                       0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)
  openshift-web-console              webconsole-785689b664-q7s9j           100m (5%)     0 (0%)      100Mi (1%)       0 (0%)
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits
  ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------
  500m (25%)    200m (10%)  1112Mi (14%)     400Mi (5%)
Events:                                                  (11)
  Type     Reason                   Age                From                      Message
  ----     ------                   ----               ----                      -------
  Normal   NodeHasSufficientPID     6d (x5 over 6d)    kubelet, m01.example.com  Node m01.example.com status is now: NodeHasSufficientPID
  Normal   NodeAllocatableEnforced  6d                 kubelet, m01.example.com  Updated Node Allocatable limit across pods
  Normal   NodeHasSufficientMemory  6d (x6 over 6d)    kubelet, m01.example.com  Node m01.example.com status is now: NodeHasSufficientMemory
  Normal   NodeHasNoDiskPressure    6d (x6 over 6d)    kubelet, m01.example.com  Node m01.example.com status is now: NodeHasNoDiskPressure
  Normal   NodeHasSufficientDisk    6d (x6 over 6d)    kubelet, m01.example.com  Node m01.example.com status is now: NodeHasSufficientDisk
  Normal   NodeHasSufficientPID     6d                 kubelet, m01.example.com  Node m01.example.com status is now: NodeHasSufficientPID
  Normal   Starting                 6d                 kubelet, m01.example.com  Starting kubelet.
 ...

Viewing nodes

You can display usage statistics about nodes, which provide the runtime environments for containers. These usage statistics include CPU, memory, and storage consumption.

To view the usage statistics:

$ oc adm top nodes
NAME       CPU(cores)   CPU%      MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%
node-1     297m         29%       4263Mi          55%
node-0     55m          5%        1201Mi          15%
infra-1    85m          8%        1319Mi          17%
infra-0    182m         18%       2524Mi          32%
master-0   178m         8%        2584Mi          16%

To view the usage statistics for nodes with labels:

$ oc adm top node --selector=''

You must choose the selector (label query) to filter on. Supports =, ==, and !=.

Adding hosts

You can add new hosts to your cluster by running the scaleup.yml playbook. This playbook queries the master, generates and distributes new certificates for the new hosts, and then runs the configuration playbooks on only the new hosts. Before running the scaleup.yml playbook, complete all prerequisite host preparation steps.

You must have an existing inventory file, for example /etc/ansible/hosts, that is representative of your current cluster configuration in order to run the scaleup.yml playbook.

Procedure

1. Ensure you have the latest playbooks by updating the openshift-ansible package:

   # yum update openshift-ansible

2. Edit your /etc/ansible/hosts file and add new_ to the [OSEv3:children] section. For example, to add a new node host, add new_nodes:

   [OSEv3:children]
   masters
   nodes
   new_nodes

   To add new master hosts, add new_masters.

3. Create a [new_] section to specify host information for the new hosts. Format this section like an existing section, as shown in the following example of adding a new node:

   [nodes]
   master[1:3].example.com
   node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   [new_nodes]
   node3.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'

   See Configuring Host Variables for more options.

   When adding new masters, add hosts to both the [new_masters] section and the [new_nodes] section to ensure that the new master host is part of the OpenShift SDN:

   [masters]
   master[1:2].example.com
   [new_masters]
   master3.example.com
   [nodes]
   master[1:2].example.com
   node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   [new_nodes]
   master3.example.com

   If you label a master host with the node-role.kubernetes.io/infra=true label and have no other dedicated infrastructure nodes, you must also explicitly mark the host as schedulable by adding openshift_schedulable=true to the entry. Otherwise, the registry and router pods cannot be placed anywhere.

4. Change to the playbook directory and run the openshift_node_group.yml playbook. If your inventory file is located somewhere other than the default of /etc/ansible/hosts, specify the location with the -i option:

   $ cd /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible
   $ ansible-playbook [-i /path/to/file] \
     playbooks/openshift-master/openshift_node_group.yml

   This creates the ConfigMap for the new node groups, and ultimately, the configuration file of the node on the host.

   Running the openshift_node_group.yaml playbook only updates new nodes. It cannot be run to update existing nodes in a cluster.

5. Run the scaleup.yml playbook. If your inventory file is located somewhere other than the default of /etc/ansible/hosts, specify the location with the -i option.

   • For additional nodes:

     $ ansible-playbook [-i /path/to/file] \
         playbooks/openshift-node/scaleup.yml

   • For additional masters:

     $ ansible-playbook [-i /path/to/file] \
         playbooks/openshift-master/scaleup.yml

1. Set the node label to logging-infra-fluentd=true, if you deployed the EFK stack in your cluster:

   # oc label node/new-node.example.com logging-infra-fluentd=true

2. After the playbook runs, verify the installation.

3. Move any hosts that you defined in the [new_] section to their appropriate section. By moving these hosts, subsequent playbook runs that use this inventory file treat the nodes correctly. You can keep the empty [new_] section. For example, when adding new nodes:

   [nodes]
   master[1:3].example.com
   node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   node3.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-compute'
   infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_group_name='node-config-infra'
   [new_nodes]

Deleting nodes

When you delete a node using the CLI, the node object is deleted in Kubernetes, but the pods that exist on the node itself are not deleted. Any bare pods not backed by a replication controller would be inaccessible to OKD, pods backed by replication controllers would be rescheduled to other available nodes, and local manifest pods would need to be manually deleted.

To delete a node from the OKD cluster:

1. Evacuate pods from the node you are preparing to delete.

2. Delete the node object:

   $ oc delete node <node>

3. Check that the node has been removed from the node list:

   $ oc get nodes

   Pods should now be only scheduled for the remaining nodes that are in Ready state.

4. If you want to uninstall all OKD content from the node host, including all pods and containers, continue to Uninstalling Nodes and follow the procedure using the uninstall.yml playbook. The procedure assumes general understanding of the cluster installation process using Ansible.

Updating labels on nodes

To add or update labels on a node:

$ oc label node <node> <key_1>=<value_1> ... <key_n>=<value_n>

To see more detailed usage:

$ oc label -h

Listing pods on nodes

To list all or selected pods on one or more nodes:

$ oc adm manage-node <node1> <node2> \
    --list-pods [--pod-selector=<pod_selector>] [-o json|yaml]

To list all or selected pods on selected nodes:

$ oc adm manage-node --selector=<node_selector> \
    --list-pods [--pod-selector=<pod_selector>] [-o json|yaml]

Marking nodes as unschedulable or schedulable

By default, healthy nodes with a Ready status are marked as schedulable, meaning that new pods are allowed for placement on the node. Manually marking a node as unschedulable blocks any new pods from being scheduled on the node. Existing pods on the node are not affected.

To mark a node or nodes as unschedulable:

$ oc adm manage-node <node1> <node2> --schedulable=false

For example:

$ oc adm manage-node node1.example.com --schedulable=false
NAME                 LABELS                                        STATUS
node1.example.com    kubernetes.io/hostname=node1.example.com      Ready,SchedulingDisabled

To mark a currently unschedulable node or nodes as schedulable:

$ oc adm manage-node <node1> <node2> --schedulable

Alternatively, instead of specifying specific node names (e.g., <node1> <node2>), you can use the --selector=<node_selector> option to mark selected nodes as schedulable or unschedulable.

Evacuating pods on nodes

Evacuating pods allows you to migrate all or selected pods from a given node. Nodes must first be marked unschedulable to perform pod evacuation.

Only pods backed by a replication controller can be evacuated; the replication controllers create new pods on other nodes and remove the existing pods from the specified node(s). Bare pods, meaning those not backed by a replication controller, are unaffected by default. You can evacuate a subset of pods by specifying a pod-selector. Pod selector is based on labels, so all the pods with the specified label will be evacuated.

To evacuate all or selected pods on a node:

$ oc adm drain <node> [--pod-selector=<pod_selector>]

You can force deletion of bare pods by using the --force option. When set to true, deletion continues even if there are pods not managed by a replication controller, ReplicaSet, job, daemonset, or StatefulSet:

$ oc adm drain <node> --force=true

You can use --grace-period to set a period of time in seconds for each pod to terminate gracefully. If negative, the default value specified in the pod is used:

$ oc adm drain <node> --grace-period=-1

You can use --ignore-daemonsets and set it to true to ignore daemonset-managed pods:

$ oc adm drain <node> --ignore-daemonsets=true

You can use --timeout to set the length of time to wait before giving up. A value of 0 sets an infinite length of time:

$ oc adm drain <node> --timeout=5s

You can use --delete-local-data and set it to true to continue deletion even if there are pods using emptyDir (local data that is deleted when the node is drained):

$ oc adm drain <node> --delete-local-data=true

To list objects that will be migrated without actually performing the evacuation, use the --dry-run option and set it to true:

$ oc adm drain <node> --dry-run=true

Instead of specifying a specific node name, you can use the --selector=<node_selector> option to evacuate pods on nodes that match the selector.

Rebooting nodes

To reboot a node without causing an outage for applications running on the platform, it is important to first evacuate the pods. For pods that are made highly available by the routing tier, nothing else needs to be done. For other pods needing storage, typically databases, it is critical to ensure that they can remain in operation with one pod temporarily going offline. While implementing resiliency for stateful pods is different for each application, in all cases it is important to configure the scheduler to use node anti-affinity to ensure that the pods are properly spread across available nodes.

Another challenge is how to handle nodes that are running critical infrastructure such as the router or the registry. The same node evacuation process applies, though it is important to understand certain edge cases.

Infrastructure nodes

Infrastructure nodes are nodes that are labeled to run pieces of the OKD environment. Currently, the easiest way to manage node reboots is to ensure that there are at least three nodes available to run infrastructure. The scenario below demonstrates a common mistake that can lead to service interruptions for the applications running on OKD when only two nodes are available.

• Node A is marked unschedulable and all pods are evacuated.

• The registry pod running on that node is now redeployed on node B. This means node B is now running both registry pods.

• Node B is now marked unschedulable and is evacuated.

• The service exposing the two pod endpoints on node B, for a brief period of time, loses all endpoints until they are redeployed to node A.

The same process using three infrastructure nodes does not result in a service disruption. However, due to pod scheduling, the last node that is evacuated and brought back in to rotation is left running zero registries. The other two nodes will run two and one registries respectively. The best solution is to rely on pod anti-affinity. This is an alpha feature in Kubernetes that is available for testing now, but is not yet supported for production workloads.

Using pod anti-affinity

Pod anti-affinity is slightly different than node anti-affinity. Node anti-affinity can be violated if there are no other suitable locations to deploy a pod. Pod anti-affinity can be set to either required or preferred.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: with-pod-antiaffinity
spec:
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity: (1)
      preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: (2)
      - weight: 100 (3)
        podAffinityTerm:
          labelSelector:
            matchExpressions:
            - key: docker-registry (4)
              operator: In (5)
              values:
              - default
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

This example assumes the container image registry pod has a label of **docker-registry=default**. Pod anti-affinity can use any Kubernetes match expression.

The last required step is to enable the **MatchInterPodAffinity** scheduler predicate in /etc/origin/master/scheduler.json. With this in place, if only two infrastructure nodes are available and one is rebooted, the container image registry pod is prevented from running on the other node. **oc get pods** reports the pod as unready until a suitable node is available. Once a node is available and all pods are back in ready state, the next node can be restarted.

Handling nodes running routers

In most cases, a pod running an OKD router will expose a host port. The **PodFitsPorts** scheduler predicate ensures that no router pods using the same port can run on the same node, and pod anti-affinity is achieved. If the routers are relying on IP failover for high availability, there is nothing else that is needed. For router pods relying on an external service such as AWS Elastic Load Balancing for high availability, it is that service’s responsibility to react to router pod restarts.

In rare cases, a router pod might not have a host port configured. In those cases, it is important to follow the recommended restart process for infrastructure nodes.

Modifying Nodes

During installation, OKD creates a configmap in the openshift-node project for each type of node group:

• node-config-master

• node-config-infra

• node-config-compute

• node-config-all-in-one

• node-config-master-infra

To make configuration changes to an existing node, edit the appropriate configuration map. A sync pod on each node watches for changes in the configuration maps. During installation, the sync pods are created by using sync Daemonsets, and a /etc/origin/node/node-config.yaml file, where the node configuration parameters reside, is added to each node. When a sync pod detects configuration map change, it updates the node-config.yaml on all nodes in that node group and restarts the atomic-openshift-node.service on the appropriate nodes.

$ oc get cm -n openshift-node
NAME                       DATA      AGE
node-config-all-in-one     1         1d
node-config-compute        1         1d
node-config-infra          1         1d
node-config-master         1         1d
node-config-master-infra   1         1d

Sample configuration map for the node-config-compute group

apiVersion: v1
authConfig:      (1)
  authenticationCacheSize: 1000
  authenticationCacheTTL: 5m
  authorizationCacheSize: 1000
  authorizationCacheTTL: 5m
dnsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:53
dnsDomain: cluster.local
dnsIP: 0.0.0.0               (2)
dnsNameservers: null
dnsRecursiveResolvConf: /etc/origin/node/resolv.conf
dockerConfig:
  dockerShimRootDirectory: /var/lib/dockershim
  dockerShimSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  execHandlerName: native
enableUnidling: true
imageConfig:
  format: registry.reg-aws.openshift.com/openshift3/ose-${component}:${version}
  latest: false
iptablesSyncPeriod: 30s
kind: NodeConfig
kubeletArguments: (3)
  bootstrap-kubeconfig:
  - /etc/origin/node/bootstrap.kubeconfig
  cert-dir:
  - /etc/origin/node/certificates
  cloud-config:
  - /etc/origin/cloudprovider/aws.conf
  cloud-provider:
  - aws
  enable-controller-attach-detach:
  - 'true'
  feature-gates:
  - RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
  node-labels:
  - node-role.kubernetes.io/compute=true
  pod-manifest-path:
  - /etc/origin/node/pods  (4)
  rotate-certificates:
  - 'true'
masterClientConnectionOverrides:
  acceptContentTypes: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf,application/json
  burst: 40
  contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
  qps: 20
masterKubeConfig: node.kubeconfig
networkConfig:   (5)
  mtu: 8951
  networkPluginName: redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet  (6)
servingInfo:                   (7)
  bindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10250
  bindNetwork: tcp4
  clientCA: client-ca.crt
volumeConfig:
  localQuota:
    perFSGroup: null    (8)
volumeDirectory: /var/lib/origin/openshift.local.volumes

Configuring Node Resources

You can configure node resources by adding kubelet arguments to the node configuration map.

1. Edit the configuration map:

   $ oc edit cm node-config-compute -n openshift-node

2. Add the **kubeletArguments** section and specify your options:

   kubeletArguments:
     max-pods: (1)
       - "40"
     resolv-conf: (2)
       - "/etc/resolv.conf"
     image-gc-high-threshold: (3)
       - "90"
     image-gc-low-threshold: (4)
       - "80"
     kube-api-qps: (5)
       - "20"
     kube-api-burst: (6)
       - "40"

   1	Maximum number of pods that can run on this kubelet.
   2	Resolver configuration file used as the basis for the container DNS resolution configuration.
   3	The percent of disk usage after which image garbage collection is always run. Default: 90%
   4	The percent of disk usage before which image garbage collection is never run. Lowest disk usage to garbage collect to. Default: 80%
   5	The queries per second (QPS) to use while talking with the Kubernetes API server.
   6	The burst to use while talking with the Kubernetes API server.

   To view all available kubelet options:

   $ hyperkube kubelet -h

Setting maximum pods per node

In the /etc/origin/node/node-config.yaml file, two parameters control the maximum number of pods that can be scheduled to a node: pods-per-core and max-pods. When both options are in use, the lower of the two limits the number of pods on a node. Exceeding these values can result in:

• Increased CPU utilization on both OKD and Docker.

• Slow pod scheduling.

• Potential out-of-memory scenarios (depends on the amount of memory in the node).

• Exhausting the pool of IP addresses.

• Resource overcommitting, leading to poor user application performance.

pods-per-core sets the number of pods the node can run based on the number of processor cores on the node. For example, if pods-per-core is set to 10 on a node with 4 processor cores, the maximum number of pods allowed on the node will be 40.

kubeletArguments:
  pods-per-core:
    - "10"

max-pods sets the number of pods the node can run to a fixed value, regardless of the properties of the node. Cluster Limits documents maximum supported values for max-pods.

kubeletArguments:
  max-pods:
    - "250"

Using the above example, the default value for pods-per-core is 10 and the default value for max-pods is 250. This means that unless the node has 25 cores or more, by default, pods-per-core will be the limiting factor.

Resetting Docker storage

As you download container images and run and delete containers, Docker does not always free up mapped disk space. As a result, over time you can run out of space on a node, which might prevent OKD from being able to create new pods or cause pod creation to take several minutes.

For example, the following shows pods that are still in the ContainerCreating state after six minutes and the events log shows a FailedSync event.

$ oc get pod
NAME                               READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
cakephp-mysql-persistent-1-build   0/1       ContainerCreating   0          6m
mysql-1-9767d                      0/1       ContainerCreating   0          2m
mysql-1-deploy                     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          6m
$ oc get events
LASTSEEN   FIRSTSEEN   COUNT     NAME                               KIND                    SUBOBJECT                     TYPE      REASON                         SOURCE                                                 MESSAGE
6m         6m          1         cakephp-mysql-persistent-1-build   Pod                                                   Normal    Scheduled                      default-scheduler                                      Successfully assigned cakephp-mysql-persistent-1-build to ip-172-31-71-195.us-east-2.compute.internal
2m         5m          4         cakephp-mysql-persistent-1-build   Pod                                                   Warning   FailedSync                     kubelet, ip-172-31-71-195.us-east-2.compute.internal   Error syncing pod
2m         4m          4         cakephp-mysql-persistent-1-build   Pod                                                   Normal    SandboxChanged                 kubelet, ip-172-31-71-195.us-east-2.compute.internal   Pod sandbox changed, it will be killed and re-created.

One solution to this problem is to reset Docker storage to remove artifacts not needed by Docker.

On the node where you want to restart Docker storage:

1. Run the following command to mark the node as unschedulable:

   $ oc adm manage-node <node> --schedulable=false

2. Run the following command to shut down Docker and the atomic-openshift-node service:

   $ systemctl stop docker atomic-openshift-node

3. Run the following command to remove the local volume directory:

   $ rm -rf /var/lib/origin/openshift.local.volumes

   This command clears the local image cache. As a result, images, including ose-* images, will need to be re-pulled. This might result in slower pod start times while the image store recovers.

4. Remove the /var/lib/docker directory:

   $ rm -rf /var/lib/docker

5. Run the following command to reset the Docker storage:

   $ docker-storage-setup --reset

6. Run the following command to recreate the Docker storage:

   $ docker-storage-setup

7. Recreate the /var/lib/docker directory:

   $ mkdir /var/lib/docker

8. Run the following command to restart Docker and the atomic-openshift-node service:

   $ systemctl start docker atomic-openshift-node

9. Restart the node service by rebooting the host:

   # systemctl restart atomic-openshift-node.service

10. Run the following command to mark the node as schedulable:

    $ oc adm manage-node <node> --schedulable=true