- Installing a cluster on OpenStack in a restricted network
- Prerequisites
- About installations in restricted networks
- Resource guidelines for installing OKD on RHOSP
- Enabling Swift on RHOSP
- Defining parameters for the installation program
- Creating the FCOS image for restricted network installations
- Creating the installation configuration file
- Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
- Enabling access to the environment
- Deploying the cluster
- Verifying cluster status
- Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
- Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
- Next steps
Installing a cluster on OpenStack in a restricted network
In OKD 4.8, you can install a cluster on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content.
Prerequisites
You reviewed details about the OKD installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You verified that OKD 4.8 is compatible with your RHOSP version by using the Supported platforms for OpenShift clusters section. You can also compare platform support across different versions by viewing the OKD on RHOSP support matrix.
You created a registry on your mirror host and obtained the
imageContentSources
data for your version of OKD.Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
You have the metadata service enabled in RHOSP.
About installations in restricted networks
In OKD 4.8, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s IAM service, require internet access, so you might still require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OKD registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
The
ClusterVersion
status includes anUnable to retrieve available updates
error.By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
Resource guidelines for installing OKD on RHOSP
To support an OKD installation, your Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) quota must meet the following requirements:
Resource | Value |
---|---|
Floating IP addresses | 3 |
Ports | 15 |
Routers | 1 |
Subnets | 1 |
RAM | 112 GB |
vCPUs | 28 |
Volume storage | 275 GB |
Instances | 7 |
Security groups | 3 |
Security group rules | 60 |
A cluster might function with fewer than recommended resources, but its performance is not guaranteed.
If RHOSP object storage (Swift) is available and operated by a user account with the |
By default, your security group and security group rule quotas might be low. If you encounter problems, run openstack quota set —secgroups 3 —secgroup-rules 60 <project> as an administrator to increase them. |
An OKD deployment comprises control plane machines, compute machines, and a bootstrap machine.
Control plane and compute machines
By default, the OKD installation process stands up three control plane and three compute machines.
Each machine requires:
An instance from the RHOSP quota
A port from the RHOSP quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory, 4 vCPUs, and 25 GB storage space
Compute machines host the applications that you run on OKD; aim to run as many as you can. |
Bootstrap machine
During installation, a bootstrap machine is temporarily provisioned to stand up the control plane. After the production control plane is ready, the bootstrap machine is deprovisioned.
The bootstrap machine requires:
An instance from the RHOSP quota
A port from the RHOSP quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory, 4 vCPUs, and 25 GB storage space
Enabling Swift on RHOSP
Swift is operated by a user account with the swiftoperator
role. Add the role to an account before you run the installation program.
If the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) object storage service, commonly known as Swift, is available, OKD uses it as the image registry storage. If it is unavailable, the installation program relies on the RHOSP block storage service, commonly known as Cinder. If Swift is present and you want to use it, you must enable access to it. If it is not present, or if you do not want to use it, skip this section. |
Prerequisites
You have a RHOSP administrator account on the target environment.
The Swift service is installed.
On Ceph RGW, the
account in url
option is enabled.
Procedure
To enable Swift on RHOSP:
As an administrator in the RHOSP CLI, add the
swiftoperator
role to the account that will access Swift:$ openstack role add --user <user> --project <project> swiftoperator
Your RHOSP deployment can now use Swift for the image registry.
Defining parameters for the installation program
The OKD installation program relies on a file that is called clouds.yaml
. The file describes Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) configuration parameters, including the project name, log in information, and authorization service URLs.
Procedure
Create the
clouds.yaml
file:If your RHOSP distribution includes the Horizon web UI, generate a
clouds.yaml
file in it.Remember to add a password to the
auth
field. You can also keep secrets in a separate file fromclouds.yaml
.If your RHOSP distribution does not include the Horizon web UI, or you do not want to use Horizon, create the file yourself. For detailed information about
clouds.yaml
, see Config files in the RHOSP documentation.clouds:
shiftstack:
auth:
auth_url: http://10.10.14.42:5000/v3
project_name: shiftstack
username: shiftstack_user
password: XXX
user_domain_name: Default
project_domain_name: Default
dev-env:
region_name: RegionOne
auth:
username: 'devuser'
password: XXX
project_name: 'devonly'
auth_url: 'https://10.10.14.22:5001/v2.0'
If your RHOSP installation uses self-signed certificate authority (CA) certificates for endpoint authentication:
Copy the certificate authority file to your machine.
Add the
cacerts
key to theclouds.yaml
file. The value must be an absolute, non-root-accessible path to the CA certificate:clouds:
shiftstack:
...
cacert: "/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt.pem"
After you run the installer with a custom CA certificate, you can update the certificate by editing the value of the
ca-cert.pem
key in thecloud-provider-config
keymap. On a command line, run:$ oc edit configmap -n openshift-config cloud-provider-config
Place the
clouds.yaml
file in one of the following locations:The value of the
OS_CLIENT_CONFIG_FILE
environment variableThe current directory
A Unix-specific user configuration directory, for example
~/.config/openstack/clouds.yaml
A Unix-specific site configuration directory, for example
/etc/openstack/clouds.yaml
The installation program searches for
clouds.yaml
in that order.
Creating the FCOS image for restricted network installations
Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image to install OKD on a restricted network Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) environment.
Prerequisites
- Obtain the OKD installation program. For a restricted network installation, the program is on your mirror registry host.
Procedure
Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal’s Product Downloads page.
Under Version, select the most recent release of OKD 4.8 for RHEL 8.
The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must download images with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image versions that match your OKD version if they are available.
Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) - OpenStack Image (QCOW) image.
Decompress the image.
You must decompress the image before the cluster can use it. The name of the downloaded file might not contain a compression extension, like
.gz
or.tgz
. To find out if or how the file is compressed, in a command line, enter:$ file <name_of_downloaded_file>
Upload the image that you decompressed to a location that is accessible from the bastion server, like Glance. For example:
$ openstack image create --file rhcos-44.81.202003110027-0-openstack.x86_64.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}
Depending on your RHOSP environment, you might be able to upload the image in either
.raw
or.qcow2
formats. If you use Ceph, you must use the.raw
format.If the installation program finds multiple images with the same name, it chooses one of them at random. To avoid this behavior, create unique names for resources in RHOSP.
The image is now available for a restricted installation. Note the image name or location for use in OKD deployment.
Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OKD cluster you install on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP).
Prerequisites
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
Have the
imageContentSources
values that were generated during mirror registry creation.Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
Retrieve a Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image and upload it to an accessible location.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
Create the
install-config.yaml
file.Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir=<installation_directory> (1)
1 For <installation_directory>
, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agent
process uses.Select openstack as the platform to target.
Specify the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) external network name to use for installing the cluster.
Specify the floating IP address to use for external access to the OpenShift API.
Specify a RHOSP flavor with at least 16 GB RAM to use for control plane and compute nodes.
Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. All DNS records will be sub-domains of this base and will also include the cluster name.
Enter a name for your cluster. The name must be 14 or fewer characters long.
Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site. This field is optional.
In the
install-config.yaml
file, set the value ofplatform.openstack.clusterOSImage
to the image location or name. For example:platform:
openstack:
clusterOSImage: http://mirror.example.com/images/rhcos-43.81.201912131630.0-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.gz?sha256=ffebbd68e8a1f2a245ca19522c16c86f67f9ac8e4e0c1f0a812b068b16f7265d
Edit the
install-config.yaml
file to provide the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.Update the
pullSecret
value to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'
For
<mirror_host_name>
, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>
, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry.Add the
additionalTrustBundle
parameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: |
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry, which can be an existing, trusted certificate authority or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
Add the image content resources, which look like this excerpt:
imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
- <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
source: quay.example.com/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
- <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release
source: registry.example.com/ocp/release
To complete these values, use the
imageContentSources
that you recorded during mirror registry creation.
Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yaml
file that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.Back up the
install-config.yaml
file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.The
install-config.yaml
file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml
file.
Prerequisites
You have an existing
install-config.yaml
file.You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxy
object’sspec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.The
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr
,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr
, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]
fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxy
objectstatus.noProxy
field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254
).If your cluster is on AWS, you added the
ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com
,elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com
, ands3.<region>.amazonaws.com
endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.
Procedure
Edit your
install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
noProxy: example.com (3)
additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
<MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
...
1 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http
. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify anhttpProxy
value.2 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify an httpsProxy
value.3 A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with .
to match subdomains only. For example,.y.com
matchesx.y.com
, but noty.com
. Use*
to bypass the proxy for all destinations.4 If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle
in theopenshift-config
namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundle
config map that merges these contents with the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in thetrustedCA
field of theProxy
object. TheadditionalTrustBundle
field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must provide the MITM CA certificate.The installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpoints
field.Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil spec
.
Only the |
Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OKD cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the |
The |
Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| The API version for the | String |
| The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OKD cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the | A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
| Kubernetes resource | Object |
| The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of | String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
| The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: | Object |
Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
| The configuration for the cluster network. | Object
| ||
| The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in to install. | Either | ||
| The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example:
| ||
| Required if you use An IPv4 network. | An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between | ||
| The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if | A subnet prefix. The default value is | ||
| The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. | An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example:
| ||
| The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. | An array of objects. For example:
| ||
| Required if you use | An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example,
|
Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
| A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes’ trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. | String | ||
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. | Array of | ||
| Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String | ||
| Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
|
| ||
| Required if you use |
| ||
| Required if you use |
| ||
| The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. | A positive integer greater than or equal to | ||
| The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. | Array of | ||
| Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are | String | ||
| Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
|
| ||
| Required if you use |
| ||
| Required if you use |
| ||
| The number of control plane machines to provision. | The only supported value is | ||
| The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.
|
| ||
| Sources and repositories for the release-image content. | Array of objects. Includes a | ||
| Required if you use | String | ||
| Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. | Array of strings | ||
| How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
Setting this field to | ||
| The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.
| One or more keys. For example:
|
Additional Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) configuration parameters
Additional RHOSP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| For compute machines, the size in gigabytes of the root volume. If you do not set this value, machines use ephemeral storage. | Integer, for example |
| For compute machines, the root volume’s type. | String, for example |
| For control plane machines, the size in gigabytes of the root volume. If you do not set this value, machines use ephemeral storage. | Integer, for example |
| For control plane machines, the root volume’s type. | String, for example |
| The name of the RHOSP cloud to use from the list of clouds in the | String, for example |
| The RHOSP external network name to be used for installation. | String, for example |
| The RHOSP flavor to use for control plane and compute machines. This property is deprecated. To use a flavor as the default for all machine pools, add it as the value of the | String, for example |
Optional RHOSP configuration parameters
Optional RHOSP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
| Additional networks that are associated with compute machines. Allowed address pairs are not created for additional networks. | A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, |
| Additional security groups that are associated with compute machines. | A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, |
| RHOSP Compute (Nova) availability zones (AZs) to install machines on. If this parameter is not set, the installer relies on the default settings for Nova that the RHOSP administrator configured. On clusters that use Kuryr, RHOSP Octavia does not support availability zones. Load balancers and, if you are using the Amphora provider driver, OKD services that rely on Amphora VMs, are not created according to the value of this property. | A list of strings. For example, |
| For compute machines, the availability zone to install root volumes on. If you do not set a value for this parameter, the installer selects the default availability zone. | A list of strings, for example |
| Additional networks that are associated with control plane machines. Allowed address pairs are not created for additional networks. | A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, |
| Additional security groups that are associated with control plane machines. | A list of one or more UUIDs as strings. For example, |
| RHOSP Compute (Nova) availability zones (AZs) to install machines on. If this parameter is not set, the installer relies on the default settings for Nova that the RHOSP administrator configured. On clusters that use Kuryr, RHOSP Octavia does not support availability zones. Load balancers and, if you are using the Amphora provider driver, OKD services that rely on Amphora VMs, are not created according to the value of this property. | A list of strings. For example, |
| For control plane machines, the availability zone to install root volumes on. If you do not set this value, the installer selects the default availability zone. | A list of strings, for example |
| The location from which the installer downloads the FCOS image. You must set this parameter to perform an installation in a restricted network. | An HTTP or HTTPS URL, optionally with an SHA-256 checksum. For example, |
| Properties to add to the installer-uploaded ClusterOSImage in Glance. This property is ignored if You can use this property to exceed the default persistent volume (PV) limit for RHOSP of 26 PVs per node. To exceed the limit, set the You can also use this property to enable the QEMU guest agent by including the | A list of key-value string pairs. For example, |
| The default machine pool platform configuration. |
|
| An existing floating IP address to associate with the Ingress port. To use this property, you must also define the | An IP address, for example |
| An existing floating IP address to associate with the API load balancer. To use this property, you must also define the | An IP address, for example |
| IP addresses for external DNS servers that cluster instances use for DNS resolution. | A list of IP addresses as strings. For example, |
| The UUID of a RHOSP subnet that the cluster’s nodes use. Nodes and virtual IP (VIP) ports are created on this subnet. The first item in If you deploy to a custom subnet, you cannot specify an external DNS server to the OKD installer. Instead, add DNS to the subnet in RHOSP. | A UUID as a string. For example, |
Sample customized install-config.yaml
file for restricted OpenStack installations
This sample install-config.yaml
demonstrates all of the possible Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) customization options.
This sample file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your |
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane:
name: master
platform: {}
replicas: 3
compute:
- name: worker
platform:
openstack:
type: ml.large
replicas: 3
metadata:
name: example
networking:
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
machineCIDR: 10.0.0.0/16
serviceNetwork:
- 172.30.0.0/16
networkType: OVNKubernetes
platform:
openstack:
region: region1
cloud: mycloud
externalNetwork: external
computeFlavor: m1.xlarge
apiFloatingIP: 128.0.0.1
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}'
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
additionalTrustBundle: |
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
imageContentSources:
- mirrors:
- <mirror_registry>/<repo_name>/release
source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
- <mirror_registry>/<repo_name>/release
source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev
Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required. |
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs. |
On clusters running Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the SSH keys specified in the Ignition config files are written to the |
Procedure
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)
1 Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa
, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.ssh
directory.If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64
architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519
algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersa
orecdsa
algorithm.View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
public key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gather
command.On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsa
and~/.ssh/id_dsa
are managed automatically.If the
ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Example output
Agent pid 31874
If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent
:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)
1 Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Example output
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
- When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
Enabling access to the environment
At deployment, all OKD machines are created in a Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP)-tenant network. Therefore, they are not accessible directly in most RHOSP deployments.
You can configure OKD API and application access by using floating IP addresses (FIPs) during installation. You can also complete an installation without configuring FIPs, but the installer will not configure a way to reach the API or applications externally.
Enabling access with floating IP addresses
Create floating IP (FIP) addresses for external access to the OKD API and cluster applications.
Procedure
Using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) CLI, create the API FIP:
$ openstack floating ip create --description "API <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>
Using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) CLI, create the apps, or Ingress, FIP:
$ openstack floating ip create --description "Ingress <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>
Add records that follow these patterns to your DNS server for the API and Ingress FIPs:
api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN A <API_FIP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN A <apps_FIP>
If you do not control the DNS server, you can add the record to your
/etc/hosts
file. This action makes the API accessible to only you, which is not suitable for production deployment but does allow installation for development and testing.Add the FIPs to the
install-config.yaml
file as the values of the following parameters:platform.openstack.ingressFloatingIP
platform.openstack.apiFloatingIP
If you use these values, you must also enter an external network as the value of the platform.openstack.externalNetwork
parameter in the install-config.yaml
file.
You can make OKD resources available outside of the cluster by assigning a floating IP address and updating your firewall configuration. |
Completing installation without floating IP addresses
You can install OKD on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) without providing floating IP addresses.
In the install-config.yaml
file, do not define the following parameters:
platform.openstack.ingressFloatingIP
platform.openstack.apiFloatingIP
If you cannot provide an external network, you can also leave platform.openstack.externalNetwork
blank. If you do not provide a value for platform.openstack.externalNetwork
, a router is not created for you, and, without additional action, the installer will fail to retrieve an image from Glance. You must configure external connectivity on your own.
If you run the installer from a system that cannot reach the cluster API due to a lack of floating IP addresses or name resolution, installation fails. To prevent installation failure in these cases, you can use a proxy network or run the installer from a system that is on the same network as your machines.
You can enable name resolution by creating DNS records for the API and Ingress ports. For example:
If you do not control the DNS server, you can add the record to your |
Deploying the cluster
You can install OKD on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the |
Prerequisites
Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir=<installation_directory> \ (1)
--log-level=info (2)
1 For <installation_directory>
, specify the2 To view different installation details, specify warn
,debug
, orerror
instead ofinfo
.If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.
When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the
kubeadmin
user, display in your terminal.Example output
...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
The cluster access and credential information also outputs to
<installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log
when an installation succeeds.The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending
node-bootstrapper
certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.
Verifying cluster status
You can verify your OKD cluster’s status during or after installation.
Procedure
In the cluster environment, export the administrator’s kubeconfig file:
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)
1 For <installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.The
kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server.View the control plane and compute machines created after a deployment:
$ oc get nodes
View your cluster’s version:
$ oc get clusterversion
View your Operators’ status:
$ oc get clusteroperator
View all running pods in the cluster:
$ oc get pods -A
Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file. The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server. The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OKD installation.
Prerequisites
You deployed an OKD cluster.
You installed the
oc
CLI.
Procedure
Export the
kubeadmin
credentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)
1 For <installation_directory>
, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.Verify you can run
oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoami
Example output
system:admin
Additional resources
- See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OKD web console.
Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OKD installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.
Procedure
Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding
disableAllDefaultSources: true
to theOperatorHub
object:$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
-p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Global Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, delete, disable, and enable individual sources. |
Additional resources
- See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
Next steps
If the mirror registry that you used to install your cluster has a trusted CA, add it to the cluster by configuring additional trust stores.
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.
Configure image streams for the Cluster Samples Operator and the
must-gather
tool.Learn how to use Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) on restricted networks.
If you did not configure RHOSP to accept application traffic over floating IP addresses, configure RHOSP access with floating IP addresses.