Installing a cluster on oVirt in a restricted network

In OKD version 4.7, you can install a customized OKD cluster on oVirt in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content.

Prerequisites

The following items are required to install an OKD cluster on a oVirt environment.

• You have a supported combination of versions in the Support Matrix for OKD on oVirt.

• You are familiar with the OKD installation and update processes.

• Create a registry on your mirror host and obtain the imageContentSources data for your version of OKD.

  Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.

• Provision persistent storage for your cluster. To deploy a private image registry, your storage must provide ReadWriteMany access modes.

• Review details about the OKD installation and update processes.

• If you use a firewall and plan to use telemetry, you must configure the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.

  Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

About installations in restricted networks

In OKD 4.7, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the Internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.

If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s IAM service, require Internet access, so you might still require Internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less Internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.

To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OKD registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the Internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.

Additional limits

Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:

• The ClusterVersion status includes an Unable to retrieve available updates error.

• By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.

Requirements for the oVirt environment

To install and run an OKD version 4.7 cluster, the oVirt environment must meet the following requirements.

Not meeting these requirements can cause the installation or process to fail. Additionally, not meeting these requirements can cause the OKD cluster to fail days or weeks after installation.

The following requirements for CPU, memory, and storage resources are based on default values multiplied by the default number of virtual machines the installation program creates. These resources must be available in addition to what the oVirt environment uses for non-OKD operations.

By default, the installation program creates seven virtual machines during the installation process. First, it creates a bootstrap virtual machine to provide temporary services and a control plane while it creates the rest of the OKD cluster. When the installation program finishes creating the cluster, deleting the bootstrap machine frees up its resources.

If you increase the number of virtual machines in the oVirt environment, you must increase the resources accordingly.

Requirements

• The oVirt version is 4.4.

• The oVirt environment has one data center whose state is Up.

• The oVirt data center contains an oVirt cluster.

• The oVirt cluster has the following resources exclusively for the OKD cluster:

  • Minimum 28 vCPUs: four for each of the seven virtual machines created during installation.

  • 112 GiB RAM or more, including:

    • 16 GiB or more for the bootstrap machine, which provides the temporary control plane.

    • 16 GiB or more for each of the three control plane machines which provide the control plane.

    • 16 GiB or more for each of the three compute machines, which run the application workloads.

• The oVirt storage domain must meet these etcd backend performance requirements.

• In production environments, each virtual machine must have 120 GiB or more. Therefore, the storage domain must provide 840 GiB or more for the default OKD cluster. In resource-constrained or non-production environments, each virtual machine must have 32 GiB or more, so the storage domain must have 230 GiB or more for the default OKD cluster.

• To download images from the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog during installation and update procedures, the oVirt cluster must have access to an internet connection. The Telemetry service also needs an internet connection to simplify the subscription and entitlement process.

• The oVirt cluster must have a virtual network with access to the REST API on the oVirt Engine. Ensure that DHCP is enabled on this network, because the VMs that the installer creates obtain their IP address by using DHCP.

• A user account and group with the following least privileges for installing and managing an OKD cluster on the target oVirt cluster:

  • DiskOperator

  • DiskCreator

  • UserTemplateBasedVm

  • TemplateOwner

  • TemplateCreator

  • ClusterAdmin on the target cluster

Verifying the requirements for the oVirt environment

Verify that the oVirt environment meets the requirements to install and run an OKD cluster. Not meeting these requirements can cause failures.

Procedure

1. Check that the oVirt version supports installation of OKD version 4.7.

   1. In the oVirt Administration Portal, click the ? help icon in the upper-right corner and select About.

   2. In the window that opens, make a note of the oVirt Software Version.

   3. Confirm that the oVirt version is 4.4. For more information about supported version combinations, see Support Matrix for OKD on oVirt.

2. Inspect the data center, cluster, and storage.

   1. In the oVirt Administration Portal, click Compute → Data Centers.

   2. Confirm that the data center where you plan to install OKD is accessible.

   3. Click the name of that data center.

   4. In the data center details, on the Storage tab, confirm the storage domain where you plan to install OKD is Active.

   5. Record the Domain Name for use later on.

   6. Confirm Free Space has at least 230 GiB.

   7. Confirm that the storage domain meets these etcd backend performance requirements, which you can measure by using the fio performance benchmarking tool.

   8. In the data center details, click the Clusters tab.

   9. Find the oVirt cluster where you plan to install OKD. Record the cluster name for use later on.

3. Inspect the oVirt host resources.

   1. In the oVirt Administration Portal, click Compute > Clusters.

   2. Click the cluster where you plan to install OKD.

   3. In the cluster details, click the Hosts tab.

   4. Inspect the hosts and confirm they have a combined total of at least 28 Logical CPU Cores available exclusively for the OKD cluster.

   5. Record the number of available Logical CPU Cores for use later on.

   6. Confirm that these CPU cores are distributed so that each of the seven virtual machines created during installation can have four cores.

   7. Confirm that, all together, the hosts have 112 GiB of Max free Memory for scheduling new virtual machines distributed to meet the requirements for each of the following OKD machines:

      • 16 GiB required for the bootstrap machine

      • 16 GiB required for each of the three control plane machines

      • 16 GiB for each of the three compute machines

   8. Record the amount of Max free Memory for scheduling new virtual machines for use later on.

4. Verify that the virtual network for installing OKD has access to the oVirt Engine’s REST API. From a virtual machine on this network, use curl to reach the oVirt Engine’s REST API:

   $ curl -k -u <username>@<profile>:<password> \ (1)
   https://<engine-fqdn>/ovirt-engine/api (2)

   1	For <username>, specify the user name of an oVirt account with privileges to create and manage an OKD cluster on oVirt. For <profile>, specify the login profile, which you can get by going to the oVirt Administration Portal login page and reviewing the Profile dropdown list. For <password>, specify the password for that user name.
   2	For <engine-fqdn>, specify the fully qualified domain name of the oVirt environment.

   For example:

   $ curl -k -u ocpadmin@internal:pw123 \
   https://ovirtlab.example.com/ovirt-engine/api

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machines require network in initramfs during boot to fetch Ignition config from the machine config server.

During the initial boot, the machines require either a DHCP server or that static IP addresses be set on each host in the cluster to establish a network connection, which allows them to download their Ignition config files.

It is recommended to use the DHCP server to manage the machines for the cluster long-term. Ensure that the DHCP server is configured to provide persistent IP addresses and host names to the cluster machines.

The Kubernetes API server must be able to resolve the node names of the cluster machines. If the API servers and worker nodes are in different zones, you can configure a default DNS search zone to allow the API server to resolve the node names. Another supported approach is to always refer to hosts by their fully-qualified domain names in both the node objects and all DNS requests.

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the host names of all other machines in the cluster.

Firewall

Configure your firewall so your cluster has access to required sites.

See also:

• oVirt Engine firewall requirements

• Host firewall requirements

DNS

Configure infrastructure-provided DNS to allow the correct resolution of the main components and services. If you use only one load balancer, these DNS records can point to the same IP address.

• Create DNS records for api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> (internal and external resolution) and api-int.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> (internal resolution) that point to the load balancer for the control plane machines.

• Create a DNS record for *.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> that points to the load balancer for the Ingress router. For example, ports 443 and 80 of the compute machines.

Network topology requirements

The infrastructure that you provision for your cluster must meet the following network topology requirements.

Load balancers

Before you install OKD, you must provision two load balancers that meet the following requirements:

1. API load balancer: Provides a common endpoint for users, both human and machine, to interact with and configure the platform. Configure the following conditions:

   • Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP, SSL Passthrough, or SSL Bridge mode. If you use SSL Bridge mode, you must enable Server Name Indication (SNI) for the API routes.

   • A stateless load balancing algorithm. The options vary based on the load balancer implementation.

   Do not configure session persistence for an API load balancer.

   Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

   Table 4. API load balancer

   Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
   6443	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane. You must configure the /readyz endpoint for the API server health check probe.	X	X	Kubernetes API server
   22623	Bootstrap and control plane. You remove the bootstrap machine from the load balancer after the bootstrap machine initializes the cluster control plane.	X		Machine config server

   The load balancer must be configured to take a maximum of 30 seconds from the time the API server turns off the /readyz endpoint to the removal of the API server instance from the pool. Within the time frame after /readyz returns an error or becomes healthy, the endpoint must have been removed or added. Probing every 5 or 10 seconds, with two successful requests to become healthy and three to become unhealthy, are well-tested values.

2. Application Ingress load balancer: Provides an Ingress point for application traffic flowing in from outside the cluster. Configure the following conditions:

   • Layer 4 load balancing only. This can be referred to as Raw TCP, SSL Passthrough, or SSL Bridge mode. If you use SSL Bridge mode, you must enable Server Name Indication (SNI) for the Ingress routes.

   • A connection-based or session-based persistence is recommended, based on the options available and types of applications that will be hosted on the platform.

   Configure the following ports on both the front and back of the load balancers:

   Table 5. Application Ingress load balancer

   Port	Back-end machines (pool members)	Internal	External	Description
   443	The machines that run the Ingress router pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTPS traffic
   80	The machines that run the Ingress router pods, compute, or worker, by default.	X	X	HTTP traffic

NTP configuration

OKD clusters are configured to use a public Network Time Protocol (NTP) server by default. If you want to use a local enterprise NTP server, or if your cluster is being deployed in a disconnected network, you can configure the cluster to use a specific time server. For more information, see the documentation for Configuring chrony time service.

If a DHCP server provides NTP server information, the chrony time service on the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machines read the information and can sync the clock with the NTP servers.

User-provisioned DNS requirements

DNS is used for name resolution and reverse name resolution. DNS A/AAAA or CNAME records are used for name resolution and PTR records are used for reverse name resolution. The reverse records are important because Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) uses the reverse records to set the host name for all the nodes. Additionally, the reverse records are used to generate the certificate signing requests (CSR) that OKD needs to operate.

The following DNS records are required for an OKD cluster that uses user-provisioned infrastructure. In each record, <cluster_name> is the cluster name and <base_domain> is the cluster base domain that you specify in the install-config.yaml file. A complete DNS record takes the form: <component>.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>..

The following example of a BIND zone file shows sample A records for name resolution. The purpose of the example is to show the records that are needed. The example is not meant to provide advice for choosing one name resolution service over another.

Sample DNS zone database

$TTL 1W
@    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com.    root (
            2019070700    ; serial
            3H        ; refresh (3 hours)
            30M        ; retry (30 minutes)
            2W        ; expiry (2 weeks)
            1W )        ; minimum (1 week)
    IN    NS    ns1.example.com.
    IN    MX 10    smtp.example.com.
;
;
ns1    IN    A    192.168.1.5
smtp    IN    A    192.168.1.5
;
helper    IN    A    192.168.1.5
helper.ocp4    IN    A    192.168.1.5
;
; The api identifies the IP of your load balancer.
api.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.5
api-int.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.5
;
; The wildcard also identifies the load balancer.
*.apps.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.5
;
; Create an entry for the bootstrap host.
bootstrap.ocp4    IN    A    192.168.1.96
;
; Create entries for the master hosts.
master0.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.97
master1.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.98
master2.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.99
;
; Create entries for the worker hosts.
worker0.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.11
worker1.ocp4        IN    A    192.168.1.7
;
;EOF

The following example BIND zone file shows sample PTR records for reverse name resolution.

Sample DNS zone database for reverse records

$TTL 1W
@    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com.    root (
            2019070700    ; serial
            3H        ; refresh (3 hours)
            30M        ; retry (30 minutes)
            2W        ; expiry (2 weeks)
            1W )        ; minimum (1 week)
    IN    NS    ns1.example.com.
;
; The syntax is "last octet" and the host must have an FQDN
; with a trailing dot.
97    IN    PTR    master0.ocp4.example.com.
98    IN    PTR    master1.ocp4.example.com.
99    IN    PTR    master2.ocp4.example.com.
;
96    IN    PTR    bootstrap.ocp4.example.com.
;
5    IN    PTR    api.ocp4.example.com.
5    IN    PTR    api-int.ocp4.example.com.
;
11    IN    PTR    worker0.ocp4.example.com.
7    IN    PTR    worker1.ocp4.example.com.
;
;EOF

Setting up the installation machine

To run the binary openshift-install installation program and Ansible scripts, set up the oVirt Engine or an Fedora computer with network access to the oVirt environment and the REST API on the Engine.

Procedure

1. Update or install Python3 and Ansible. For example:

   # dnf update python3 ansible

2. Install the python3-ovirt-engine-sdk4 package to get the Python Software Development Kit.

3. Install the ovirt.image-template Ansible role. On the oVirt Engine and other Fedora machines, this role is distributed as the ovirt-ansible-image-template package. For example, enter:

   # dnf install ovirt-ansible-image-template

4. Install the ovirt.vm-infra Ansible role. On the oVirt Engine and other Fedora machines, this role is distributed as the ovirt-ansible-vm-infra package.

   # dnf install ovirt-ansible-vm-infra

5. Create an environment variable and assign an absolute or relative path to it. For example, enter:

   $ export ASSETS_DIR=./wrk

   The installation program uses this variable to create a directory where it saves important installation-related files. Later, the installation process reuses this variable to locate those asset files. Avoid deleting this assets directory; it is required for uninstalling the cluster.

Setting up the CA certificate for oVirt

Download the CA certificate from the oVirt Manager and set it up on the installation machine.

You can download the certificate from a webpage on the oVirt Engine or by using a curl command.

Later, you provide the certificate to the installation program.

Procedure

1. Use either of these two methods to download the CA certificate:

   • Go to the Engine’s webpage, https://<engine-fqdn>/ovirt-engine/. Then, under Downloads, click the CA Certificate link.

   • Run the following command:

     $ curl -k 'https://<engine-fqdn>/ovirt-engine/services/pki-resource?resource=ca-certificate&format=X509-PEM-CA' -o /tmp/ca.pem  (1)

     1	For <engine-fqdn>, specify the fully qualified domain name of the oVirt Engine, such as rhv-env.virtlab.example.com.

2. Configure the CA file to grant rootless user access to the Engine. Set the CA file permissions to have an octal value of 0644 (symbolic value: -rw-r—​r--):

   $ sudo chmod 0644 /tmp/ca.pem

3. For Linux, copy the CA certificate to the directory for server certificates. Use -p to preserve the permissions:

   $ sudo cp -p /tmp/ca.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.pem

4. Add the certificate to the certificate manager for your operating system:

   • For macOS, double-click the certificate file and use the Keychain Access utility to add the file to the System keychain.

   • For Linux, update the CA trust:

     $ sudo update-ca-trust

     If you use your own certificate authority, make sure the system trusts it.

Additional Resources

To learn more, see Authentication and Security in the oVirt documentation.

Generating an SSH private key and adding it to the agent

If you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on your cluster, you must provide an SSH key to both your ssh-agent and the installation program. You can use this key to access the bootstrap machine in a public cluster to troubleshoot installation issues.

You can use this key to SSH into the master nodes as the user core. When you deploy the cluster, the key is added to the core user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list.

Procedure

1. If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' \
       -f <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.

   If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the x86_64 architecture, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. Start the ssh-agent process as a background task:

   $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

   Example output

   Agent pid 31874

   If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

3. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

   1	Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Next steps

• When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

Downloading the Ansible playbooks

Download the Ansible playbooks for installing OKD version 4.7 on oVirt.

Procedure

• On your installation machine, run the following commands:

  $ mkdir playbooks

  $ cd playbooks

  $ curl -s -L -X GET https://api.github.com/repos/openshift/installer/contents/upi/ovirt?ref=release-<version>  |
  grep 'download_url.*\.yml' |
  awk '{ print $2 }' | sed -r 's/("|",)//g' |
  xargs -n 1 curl -O

  where:

  <version>

  Specifies the minor release version, such as release-4.8. See the branch drop-down list in the openshift/installer repository for the available minor versions.

• After you download these Ansible playbooks, you must also create the environment variable for the assets directory and customize the inventory.yml file before you create an installation configuration file by running the installation program.

The inventory.yml file

You use the inventory.yml file to define and create elements of the OKD cluster you are installing. This includes elements such as the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image, virtual machine templates, bootstrap machine, control plane nodes, and worker nodes. You also use inventory.yml to destroy the cluster.

The following inventory.yml example shows you the parameters and their default values. The quantities and numbers in these default values meet the requirements for running a production OKD cluster in a oVirt environment.

Example inventory.yml file

---
all:
  vars:
    ovirt_cluster: "Default"
    ocp:
      assets_dir: "{{ lookup('env', 'ASSETS_DIR') }}"
      ovirt_config_path: "{{ lookup('env', 'HOME') }}/.ovirt/ovirt-config.yaml"
    # ---
    # {op-system} section
    # ---
    rhcos:
      image_url: "https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/dependencies/rhcos/4.7/latest/rhcos-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.gz"
      local_cmp_image_path: "/tmp/rhcos.qcow2.gz"
      local_image_path: "/tmp/rhcos.qcow2"
    # ---
    # Profiles section
    # ---
    control_plane:
      cluster: "{{ ovirt_cluster }}"
      memory: 16GiB
      sockets: 4
      cores: 1
      template: rhcos_tpl
      operating_system: "rhcos_x64"
      type: high_performance
      graphical_console:
        headless_mode: false
        protocol:
        - spice
        - vnc
      disks:
      - size: 120GiB
        name: os
        interface: virtio_scsi
        storage_domain: depot_nvme
      nics:
      - name: nic1
        network: lab
        profile: lab
    compute:
      cluster: "{{ ovirt_cluster }}"
      memory: 16GiB
      sockets: 4
      cores: 1
      template: worker_rhcos_tpl
      operating_system: "rhcos_x64"
      type: high_performance
      graphical_console:
        headless_mode: false
        protocol:
        - spice
        - vnc
      disks:
      - size: 120GiB
        name: os
        interface: virtio_scsi
        storage_domain: depot_nvme
      nics:
      - name: nic1
        network: lab
        profile: lab
    # ---
    # Virtual machines section
    # ---
    vms:
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-bootstrap"
      ocp_type: bootstrap
      profile: "{{ control_plane }}"
      type: server
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-master0"
      ocp_type: master
      profile: "{{ control_plane }}"
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-master1"
      ocp_type: master
      profile: "{{ control_plane }}"
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-master2"
      ocp_type: master
      profile: "{{ control_plane }}"
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-worker0"
      ocp_type: worker
      profile: "{{ compute }}"
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-worker1"
      ocp_type: worker
      profile: "{{ compute }}"
    - name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-worker2"
      ocp_type: worker
      profile: "{{ compute }}"

General section

• ovirt_cluster: Enter the name of an existing oVirt cluster in which to install the OKD cluster.

• ocp.assets_dir: The path of a directory the openshift-install installation program creates to store the files that it generates.

• ocp.ovirt_config_path: The path of the ovirt-config.yaml file the installation program generates, for example, ./wrk/install-config.yaml. This file contains the credentials required to interact with the REST API of the Engine.

Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) section

• image_url: Enter the URL of the FCOS image you specified for download.

• local_cmp_image_path: The path of a local download directory for the compressed FCOS image.

• local_image_path: The path of a local directory for the extracted FCOS image.

Profiles section

This section consists of two profiles:

• control_plane: The profile of the bootstrap and control plane nodes.

• compute: The profile of workers nodes in the compute plane.

These profiles have the following parameters. The default values of the parameters meet the minimum requirements for running a production cluster. You can increase or customize these values to meet your workload requirements.

• cluster: The value gets the cluster name from ovirt_cluster in the General Section.

• memory: The amount of memory, in GB, for the virtual machine.

• sockets: The number of sockets for the virtual machine.

• cores: The number of cores for the virtual machine.

• template: The name of the virtual machine template. If plan to install multiple clusters, and these clusters use templates that contain different specifications, prepend the template name with the ID of the cluster.

• operating_system: The type of guest operating system in the virtual machine. With oVirt/oVirt version 4.4, this value must be rhcos_x64 so the value of Ignition script can be passed to the VM.

• type: Enter server as the type of the virtual machine.

  You must change the value of the type parameter from high_performance to server.

• disks: The disk specifications. The control_plane and compute nodes can have different storage domains.

• size: The minimum disk size.

• name: Enter the name of a disk connected to the target cluster in oVirt.

• interface: Enter the interface type of the disk you specified.

• storage_domain: Enter the storage domain of the disk you specified.

• nics: Enter the name and network the virtual machines use. You can also specify the virtual network interface profile. By default, NICs obtain their MAC addresses from the oVirt/oVirt MAC pool.

Virtual machines section

This final section, vms, defines the virtual machines you plan to create and deploy in the cluster. By default, it provides the minimum number of control plane and worker nodes for a production environment.

vms contains three required elements:

• name: The name of the virtual machine. In this case, metadata.infraID prepends the virtual machine name with the infrastructure ID from the metadata.yml file.

• ocp_type: The role of the virtual machine in the OCP cluster. Possible values are bootstrap, master, worker.

• profile: The name of the profile from which each virtual machine inherits specifications. Possible values in this example are control_plane or compute.

  You can override the value a virtual machine inherits from its profile. To do this, you add the name of the profile attribute to the virtual machine in inventory.yml and assign it an overriding value. To see an example of this, examine the name: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-bootstrap" virtual machine in the preceding inventory.yml example: It has a type attribute whose value, server, overrides the value of the type attribute this virtual machine would otherwise inherit from the control_plane profile.

Metadata variables

For virtual machines, metadata.infraID prepends the name of the virtual machine with the infrastructure ID from the metadata.json file you create when you build the Ignition files.

The playbooks use the following code to read infraID from the specific file located in the ocp.assets_dir.

---
- name: include metadata.json vars
  include_vars:
    file: "{{ ocp.assets_dir }}/metadata.json"
    name: metadata
  ...

Specifying the FCOS image settings

Update the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image settings of the inventory.yml file. Later, when you run this file one of the playbooks, it downloads a compressed Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image from the image_url URL to the local_cmp_image_path directory. The playbook then uncompresses the image to the local_image_path directory and uses it to create oVirt/oVirt templates.

Procedure

1. Locate the FCOS image download page, such as Download Fedora CoreOS.

2. From that download page, copy the URL of an OpenStack qcow2 image, such as https://builds.coreos.fedoraproject.org/prod/streams/stable/builds/34.20210611.3.0/x86_64/fedora-coreos-34.20210611.3.0-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.xz.

3. Edit the inventory.yml playbook you downloaded earlier. In it, replace the rhcos stanza and paste the URL as the value for image_url. For example:

   rhcos:
     image_url: "https://builds.coreos.fedoraproject.org/prod/streams/stable/builds/34.20210611.3.0/x86_64/fedora-coreos-34.20210611.3.0-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.xz"

Creating the install config file

You create an installation configuration file by running the installation program, openshift-install, and responding to its prompts with information you specified or gathered earlier.

When you finish responding to the prompts, the installation program creates an initial version of the install-config.yaml file in the assets directory you specified earlier, for example, ./wrk/install-config.yaml

The installation program also creates a file, $HOME/.ovirt/ovirt-config.yaml, that contains all the connection parameters that are required to reach the Engine and use its REST API.

NOTE: The installation process does not use values you supply for some parameters, such as Internal API virtual IP and Ingress virtual IP, because you have already configured them in your infrastructure DNS.

It also uses the values you supply for parameters in inventory.yml, like the ones for oVirt cluster, oVirt storage, and oVirt network. And uses a script to remove or replace these same values from install-config.yaml with the previously mentioned virtual IPs.

Procedure

1. Run the installation program:

   $ openshift-install create install-config --dir $ASSETS_DIR

2. Respond to the installation program’s prompts with information about your system.

   Example output

   ? SSH Public Key /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
   ? Platform <ovirt>
   ? Engine FQDN[:PORT] [? for help] <engine.fqdn>
   ? Enter ovirt-engine username <ocpadmin@internal>
   ? Enter password <******>
   ? oVirt cluster <cluster>
   ? oVirt storage <storage>
   ? oVirt network <net>
   ? Internal API virtual IP <172.16.0.252>
   ? Ingress virtual IP <172.16.0.251>
   ? Base Domain <example.org>
   ? Cluster Name <ocp4>
   ? Pull Secret [? for help] <********>

For Internal API virtual IP and Ingress virtual IP, supply the IP addresses you specified when you configured the DNS service.

Together, the values you enter for the oVirt cluster and Base Domain prompts form the FQDN portion of URLs for the REST API and any applications you create, such as https://api.ocp4.example.org:6443/ and https://console-openshift-console.apps.ocp4.example.org.

To get your pull secret, visit https://console.redhat.com/openshift/install/pull-secret.

Sample install-config.yaml file for RHV

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OKD cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com (1)
compute: (2)
- hyperthreading: Enabled (3)
  name: worker
  replicas: 0 (4)
controlPlane: (2)
  hyperthreading: Enabled (3)
  name: master
  replicas: 3 (5)
metadata:
  name: test (6)
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 (7)
    hostPrefix: 23 (8)
  networkType: OVNKubernetes
  serviceNetwork: (9)
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  none: {} (10)
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' (11)
sshKey: 'ssh-ed25519 AAAA...' (12)

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the Internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

• You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

• You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

  The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration. For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

• If your cluster is on AWS, you added the ec2.<region>.amazonaws.com, elasticloadbalancing.<region>.amazonaws.com, and s3.<region>.amazonaws.com endpoints to your VPC endpoint. These endpoints are required to complete requests from the nodes to the AWS EC2 API. Because the proxy works on the container level, not the node level, you must route these requests to the AWS EC2 API through the AWS private network. Adding the public IP address of the EC2 API to your allowlist in your proxy server is not sufficient.

Procedure

1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: my.domain.com
   proxy:
     httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
     httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
     noProxy: example.com (3)
   additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
       <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
       -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   ...

   1	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify an httpProxy value.
   2	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must not specify an httpsProxy value.
   3	A comma-separated list of destination domain names, domains, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass proxy for all destinations.
   4	If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the Proxy object’s trustedCA field. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle. If you use an MITM transparent proxy network that does not require additional proxy configuration but requires additional CAs, you must provide the MITM CA certificate.

   The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

2. Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Customizing install-config.yaml

Here, you use three Python scripts to override some of the installation program’s default behaviors:

• By default, the installation program uses the machine API to create nodes. To override this default behavior, you set the number of compute nodes to zero replicas. Later, you use Ansible playbooks to create the compute nodes.

• By default, the installation program sets the IP range of the machine network for nodes. To override this default behavior, you set the IP range to match your infrastructure.

• By default, the installation program sets the platform to ovirt. However, installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure is more similar to installing a cluster on bare metal. Therefore, you delete the ovirt platform section from install-config.yaml and change the platform to none. Instead, you use inventory.yml to specify all of the required settings.

Procedure

1. Set the number of compute nodes to zero replicas:

   $ python3 -c 'import os, yaml
   path = "%s/install-config.yaml" % os.environ["ASSETS_DIR"]
   conf = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
   conf["compute"][0]["replicas"] = 0
   open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(conf, default_flow_style=False))'

2. Set the IP range of the machine network. For example, to set the range to 172.16.0.0/16, enter:

   $ python3 -c 'import os, yaml
   path = "%s/install-config.yaml" % os.environ["ASSETS_DIR"]
   conf = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
   conf["networking"]["machineNetwork"][0]["cidr"] = "172.16.0.0/16"
   open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(conf, default_flow_style=False))'

3. Remove the ovirt section and change the platform to none:

   $ python3 -c 'import os, yaml
   path = "%s/install-config.yaml" % os.environ["ASSETS_DIR"]
   conf = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
   platform = conf["platform"]
   del platform["ovirt"]
   platform["none"] = {}
   open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(conf, default_flow_style=False))'

   Red Hat Virtualization does not currently support installation with user-provisioned infrastructure on the oVirt platform. Therefore, you must set the platform to none, allowing OKD to identify each node as a bare-metal node and the cluster as a bare-metal cluster. This is the same as installing a cluster on any platform, and has the following limitations: There will be no cluster provider so you must manually add each machine and there will be no node scaling capabilities. The oVirt CSI driver will not be installed and there will be no CSI capabilities.

Generate manifest files

Use the installation program to generate a set of manifest files in the assets directory.

The command to generate the manifest files displays a warning message before it consumes the install-config.yaml file.

If you plan to reuse the install-config.yaml file, create a backup copy of it before you back it up before you generate the manifest files.

Procedure

1. Optional: Create a backup copy of the install-config.yaml file:

   $ cp install-config.yaml install-config.yaml.backup

2. Generate a set of manifests in your assets directory:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $ASSETS_DIR

   This command displays the following messages.

   Example output

   INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
   WARNING Making control-plane schedulable by setting MastersSchedulable to true for Scheduler cluster settings

   The command generates the following manifest files:

   Example output

   $ tree
   .
   └── wrk
       ├── manifests
       │   ├── 04-openshift-machine-config-operator.yaml
       │   ├── cluster-config.yaml
       │   ├── cluster-dns-02-config.yml
       │   ├── cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml
       │   ├── cluster-ingress-02-config.yml
       │   ├── cluster-network-01-crd.yml
       │   ├── cluster-network-02-config.yml
       │   ├── cluster-proxy-01-config.yaml
       │   ├── cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml
       │   ├── cvo-overrides.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-ca-bundle-configmap.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-client-secret.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-host-service-endpoints.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-host-service.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-metric-client-secret.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-metric-serving-ca-configmap.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-metric-signer-secret.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-namespace.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-service.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-serving-ca-configmap.yaml
       │   ├── etcd-signer-secret.yaml
       │   ├── kube-cloud-config.yaml
       │   ├── kube-system-configmap-root-ca.yaml
       │   ├── machine-config-server-tls-secret.yaml
       │   └── openshift-config-secret-pull-secret.yaml
       └── openshift
           ├── 99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
           ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-user-data-secret.yaml
           ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-user-data-secret.yaml
           ├── 99_openshift-machineconfig_99-master-ssh.yaml
           ├── 99_openshift-machineconfig_99-worker-ssh.yaml
           └── openshift-install-manifests.yaml

Next steps

• Make control plane nodes non-schedulable.

Making control-plane nodes non-schedulable

Because you are manually creating and deploying the control plane machines, you must configure a manifest file to make the control plane nodes non-schedulable.

Procedure

1. To make the control plane nodes non-schedulable, enter:

   $ python3 -c 'import os, yaml
   path = "%s/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml" % os.environ["ASSETS_DIR"]
   data = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
   data["spec"]["mastersSchedulable"] = False
   open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

Building the Ignition files

To build the Ignition files from the manifest files you just generated and modified, you run the installation program. This action creates a Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machine, initramfs, which fetches the Ignition files and performs the configurations needed to create a node.

In addition to the Ignition files, the installation program generates the following:

• An auth directory that contains the admin credentials for connecting to the cluster with the oc and kubectl utilities.

• A metadata.json file that contains information such as the OKD cluster name, cluster ID, and infrastructure ID for the current installation.

The Ansible playbooks for this installation process use the value of infraID as a prefix for the virtual machines they create. This prevents naming conflicts when there are multiple installations in the same oVirt/oVirt cluster.

Procedure

1. To build the Ignition files, enter:

   $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $ASSETS_DIR

   Example output

   $ tree
   .
   └── wrk
       ├── auth
       │   ├── kubeadmin-password
       │   └── kubeconfig
       ├── bootstrap.ign
       ├── master.ign
       ├── metadata.json
       └── worker.ign

Creating templates and virtual machines

After confirming the variables in the inventory.yml, you run the first Ansible provisioning playbook, create-templates-and-vms.yml.

This playbook uses the connection parameters for the oVirt Engine from $HOME/.ovirt/ovirt-config.yaml and reads metadata.json in the assets directory.

If a local Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image is not already present, the playbook downloads one from the URL you specified for image_url in inventory.yml. It extracts the image and uploads it to oVirt to create templates.

The playbook creates a template based on the control_plane and compute profiles in the inventory.yml file. If these profiles have different names, it creates two templates.

When the playbook finishes, the virtual machines it creates are stopped. You can get information from them to help configure other infrastructure elements. For example, you can get the virtual machines’ MAC addresses to configure DHCP to assign permanent IP addresses to the virtual machines.

Procedure

1. In inventory.yml, under the control_plane and compute variables, change both instances of type: high_performance to type: server.

2. Optional: If you plan to perform multiple installations to the same cluster, create different templates for each OCP installation. In the inventory.yml file, prepend the value of template with infraID. For example:

     control_plane:
       cluster: "{{ ovirt_cluster }}"
       memory: 16GiB
       sockets: 4
       cores: 1
       template: "{{ metadata.infraID }}-rhcos_tpl"
       operating_system: "rhcos_x64"
       ...

3. Create the templates and virtual machines:

   $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml create-templates-and-vms.yml

Creating the bootstrap machine

You create a bootstrap machine by running the bootstrap.yml playbook. This playbook starts the bootstrap virtual machine, and passes it the bootstrap.ign Ignition file from the assets directory. The bootstrap node configures itself so it can serve Ignition files to the control plane nodes.

To monitor the bootstrap process, you use the console in the oVirt Administration Portal or connect to the virtual machine by using SSH.

Procedure

1. Create the bootstrap machine:

   $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml bootstrap.yml

2. Connect to the bootstrap machine using a console in the Administration Portal or SSH. Replace <bootstrap_ip> with the bootstrap node IP address. To use SSH, enter:

   $ ssh core@<boostrap.ip>

3. Collect bootkube.service journald unit logs for the release image service from the bootstrap node:

   [core@ocp4-lk6b4-bootstrap ~]$ journalctl -b -f -u release-image.service -u bootkube.service

   The bootkube.service log on the bootstrap node outputs etcd connection refused errors, indicating that the bootstrap server is unable to connect to etcd on control plane nodes (also known as the master nodes). After etcd has started on each control plane node and the nodes have joined the cluster, the errors should stop.

Creating the control plane nodes

You create the control plane nodes by running the masters.yml playbook. This playbook passes the master.ign Ignition file to each of the virtual machines. The Ignition file contains a directive for the control plane node to get the Ignition from a URL such as [https://api-int.ocp4.example.org:22623/config/master](https://api-int.ocp4.example.org:22623/config/master). The port number in this URL is managed by the load balancer, and is accessible only inside the cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the control plane nodes:

   $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml masters.yml

2. While the playbook creates your control plane, monitor the bootstrapping process:

   $ openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete --dir $ASSETS_DIR

   Example output

   INFO API v1.18.3+b74c5ed up
   INFO Waiting up to 40m0s for bootstrapping to complete...

3. When all the pods on the control plane nodes and etcd are up and running, the installation program displays the following output.

   Example output

   INFO It is now safe to remove the bootstrap resources

Verifying cluster status

You can verify your OKD cluster’s status during or after installation.

Procedure

1. In the cluster environment, export the administrator’s kubeconfig file:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

   The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server.

2. View the control plane and compute machines created after a deployment:

   $ oc get nodes

3. View your cluster’s version:

   $ oc get clusterversion

4. View your Operators’ status:

   $ oc get clusteroperator

5. View all running pods in the cluster:

   $ oc get pods -A

Removing the bootstrap machine

After the wait-for command shows that the bootstrap process is complete, you must remove the bootstrap virtual machine to free up compute, memory, and storage resources. Also, remove settings for the bootstrap machine from the load balancer directives.

Procedure

1. To remove the bootstrap machine from the cluster, enter:

   $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml retire-bootstrap.yml

2. Remove settings for the bootstrap machine from the load balancer directives.

Creating the worker nodes and completing the installation

Creating worker nodes is similar to creating control plane nodes. However, worker nodes workers do not automatically join the cluster. To add them to the cluster, you review and approve the workers’ pending CSRs (Certificate Signing Requests).

After approving the first requests, you continue approving CSR until all of the worker nodes are approved. When you complete this process, the worker nodes become Ready and can have pods scheduled to run on them.

Finally, monitor the command line to see when the installation process completes.

Procedure

1. Create the worker nodes:

   $ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yml workers.yml

2. To list all of the CSRs, enter:

   $ oc get csr -A

   Eventually, this command displays one CSR per node. For example:

   Example output

   NAME        AGE    SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
   csr-2lnxd   63m    kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving                 system:node:ocp4-lk6b4-master0.ocp4.example.org                             Approved,Issued
   csr-hff4q   64m    kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
   csr-hsn96   60m    kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving                 system:node:ocp4-lk6b4-master2.ocp4.example.org                             Approved,Issued
   csr-m724n   6m2s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
   csr-p4dz2   60m    kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
   csr-t9vfj   60m    kubernetes.io/kubelet-serving                 system:node:ocp4-lk6b4-master1.ocp4.example.org                             Approved,Issued
   csr-tggtr   61m    kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
   csr-wcbrf   7m6s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending

3. To filter the list and see only pending CSRs, enter:

   $ watch "oc get csr -A | grep pending -i"

   This command refreshes the output every two seconds and displays only pending CSRs. For example:

   Example output

   Every 2.0s: oc get csr -A | grep pending -i
   csr-m724n   10m   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
   csr-wcbrf   11m   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending

4. Inspect each pending request. For example:

   Example output

   $ oc describe csr csr-m724n

   Example output

   Name:               csr-m724n
   Labels:             <none>
   Annotations:        <none>
   CreationTimestamp:  Sun, 19 Jul 2020 15:59:37 +0200
   Requesting User:    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper
   Signer:             kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet
   Status:             Pending
   Subject:
            Common Name:    system:node:ocp4-lk6b4-worker1.ocp4.example.org
            Serial Number:
            Organization:   system:nodes
   Events:  <none>

5. If the CSR information is correct, approve the request:

   $ oc adm certificate approve csr-m724n

6. Wait for the installation process to finish:

   $ openshift-install wait-for install-complete --dir $ASSETS_DIR --log-level debug

   When the installation completes, the command line displays the URL of the OKD web console and the administrator user name and password.

Additional resources

• See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service

Disabling the default OperatorHub sources

Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OKD installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.

Procedure

• Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding disableAllDefaultSources: true to the OperatorHub object:

  $ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \
      -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'