Installing a cluster on Azure using ARM templates

In OKD version 4, you can install a cluster on Microsoft Azure by using infrastructure that you provide.

Several Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own.

Prerequisites

• You reviewed details about the OKD installation and update processes.

• You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.

• You configured an Azure account to host the cluster.

• You downloaded the Azure CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the Azure CLI in the Azure documentation. The documentation below was last tested using version 2.38.0 of the Azure CLI. Azure CLI commands might perform differently based on the version you use.

• If the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not accessible in your environment, or if you do not want to store an administrator-level credential secret in the kube-system namespace, see Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project.

• If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.

  Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

Configuring your Azure project

Before you can install OKD, you must configure an Azure project to host it.

Azure account limits

The OKD cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure components, and the default Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints affect your ability to install OKD clusters.

The following table summarizes the Azure components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OKD clusters.

Additional resources

• Optimizing storage

Configuring a public DNS zone in Azure

To install OKD, the Microsoft Azure account you use must have a dedicated public hosted DNS zone in your account. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. This service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

1. Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.

   For more information about purchasing domains through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

2. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. See Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

3. Configure DNS for your domain. Follow the steps in the Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS in the Azure documentation to create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extract the new authoritative name servers, and update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses.

   Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

4. If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.

You can view Azure’s DNS solution by visiting this example for creating DNS zones.

Increasing Azure account limits

To increase an account limit, file a support request on the Azure portal.

Procedure

1. From the Azure portal, click Help + support in the lower left corner.

2. Click New support request and then select the required values:

   1. From the Issue type list, select Service and subscription limits (quotas).

   2. From the Subscription list, select the subscription to modify.

   3. From the Quota type list, select the quota to increase. For example, select Compute-VM (cores-vCPUs) subscription limit increases to increase the number of vCPUs, which is required to install a cluster.

   4. Click Next: Solutions.

3. On the Problem Details page, provide the required information for your quota increase:

   1. Click Provide details and provide the required details in the Quota details window.

   2. In the SUPPORT METHOD and CONTACT INFO sections, provide the issue severity and your contact details.

4. Click Next: Review + create and then click Create.

Certificate signing requests management

Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

Recording the subscription and tenant IDs

The installation program requires the subscription and tenant IDs that are associated with your Azure account. You can use the Azure CLI to gather this information.

Prerequisites

• You have installed or updated the Azure CLI.

Procedure

1. Log in to the Azure CLI by running the following command:

   $ az login

2. Ensure that you are using the right subscription:

   1. View a list of available subscriptions by running the following command:

      $ az account list --refresh

      Example output

      [
        {
          "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
          "id": "8xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
          "isDefault": true,
          "name": "Subscription Name 1",
          "state": "Enabled",
          "tenantId": "6xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
          "user": {
            "name": "you@example.com",
            "type": "user"
          }
        },
        {
          "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
          "id": "9xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
          "isDefault": false,
          "name": "Subscription Name 2",
          "state": "Enabled",
          "tenantId": "7xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
          "user": {
            "name": "you2@example.com",
            "type": "user"
          }
        }
      ]

   2. View the details of the active account, and confirm that this is the subscription you want to use, by running the following command:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "8xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name 1",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "6xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

3. If you are not using the right subscription:

   1. Change the active subscription by running the following command:

      $ az account set -s <subscription_id>

   2. Verify that you are using the subscription you need by running the following command:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "9xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name 2",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "7xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
        "user": {
          "name": "you2@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

4. Record the id and tenantId parameter values from the output. You require these values to install an OKD cluster.

Supported identities to access Azure resources

An OKD cluster requires an Azure identity to create and manage Azure resources. As such, you need one of the following types of identities to complete the installation:

• A service principal

• A system-assigned managed identity

• A user-assigned managed identity

Required Azure permissions for user-provisioned infrastructure

The installation program requires access to an Azure service principal or managed identity with the necessary permissions to deploy the cluster and to maintain its daily operation. These permissions must be granted to the Azure subscription that is associated with the identity.

The following options are available to you:

• You can assign the identity the Contributor and User Access Administrator roles. Assigning these roles is the quickest way to grant all of the required permissions.

  For more information about assigning roles, see the Azure documentation for managing access to Azure resources using the Azure portal.

• If your organization’s security policies require a more restrictive set of permissions, you can create a custom role with the necessary permissions.

The following permissions are required for creating an OKD cluster on Microsoft Azure.

Required permissions for creating authorization resources

• Microsoft.Authorization/policies/audit/action

• Microsoft.Authorization/policies/auditIfNotExists/action

• Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/read

• Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write

Required permissions for creating compute resources

• Microsoft.Compute/images/read

• Microsoft.Compute/images/write

• Microsoft.Compute/images/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/read

• Microsoft.Compute/disks/beginGetAccess/action

• Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/disks/read

• Microsoft.Compute/disks/write

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/read

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/read

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/write

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/write

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/read

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/write

• Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/read

• Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/write

• Microsoft.Compute/snapshots/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/powerOff/action

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/read

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/write

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/deallocate/action

Required permissions for creating identity management resources

• Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/assign/action

• Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/read

• Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/write

Required permissions for creating network resources

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/write

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/write

• Microsoft.Network/dnszones/CNAME/read

• Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/read

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools/write

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/read

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/write

• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete

• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/read

• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/write

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/read

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/delete

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/read

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/write

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/write

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/delete

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/SOA/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/write

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/write

• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete

• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/read

• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/read

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/join/action

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/read

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/write

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/write

Required permissions for checking the health of resources

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/InProgress/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Pending/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action

Required permissions for creating a resource group

• Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read

• Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/write

Required permissions for creating resource tags

• Microsoft.Resources/tags/write

Required permissions for creating storage resources

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/read

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/write

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/read

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/read

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/write

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/fileServices/shares/delete

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write

Required permissions for creating deployments

• Microsoft.Resources/deployments/read

• Microsoft.Resources/deployments/write

• Microsoft.Resources/deployments/validate/action

• Microsoft.Resources/deployments/operationstatuses/read

Optional permissions for creating compute resources

• Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets/write

Optional permissions for creating marketplace virtual machine resources

• Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/read

• Microsoft.MarketplaceOrdering/offertypes/publishers/offers/plans/agreements/write

Optional permissions for enabling user-managed encryption

• Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/read

• Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/write

• Microsoft.Compute/diskEncryptionSets/delete

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/read

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/write

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/delete

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/deploy/action

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/read

• Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/keys/write

• Microsoft.Features/providers/features/register/action

The following permissions are required for deleting an OKD cluster on Microsoft Azure.

Required permissions for deleting authorization resources

• Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/delete

Required permissions for deleting compute resources

• Microsoft.Compute/disks/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/galleries/images/versions/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/delete

• Microsoft.Compute/images/delete

Required permissions for deleting identity management resources

• Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/delete

Required permissions for deleting network resources

• Microsoft.Network/dnszones/read

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/read

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/A/delete

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/read

• Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/CNAME/delete

• Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/delete

• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/delete

• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A/read

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/delete

• Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/virtualNetworkLinks/delete

• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/delete

Required permissions for checking the health of resources

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Activated/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Resolved/action

• Microsoft.Resourcehealth/healthevent/Updated/action

Required permissions for deleting a resource group

• Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourcegroups/delete

Required permissions for deleting storage resources

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/delete

• Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action

Using Azure managed identities

The installation program requires an Azure identity to complete the installation. You can use either a system-assigned or user-assigned managed identity.

If you are unable to use a managed identity, you can use a service principal.

Procedure

1. If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, enable it on the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

2. If you are using a user-assigned managed identity:

   1. Assign it to the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

   2. Record its client ID. You require this value when installing the cluster.

      For more information about viewing the details of a user-assigned managed identity, see the Microsoft Azure documentation for listing user-assigned managed identities.

3. Verify that the required permissions are assigned to the managed identity.

Creating a service principal

The installation program requires an Azure identity to complete the installation. You can use a service principal.

If you are unable to use a service principal, you can use a managed identity.

Prerequisites

• You have installed or updated the Azure CLI.

• You have an Azure subscription ID.

• If you are not going to assign the Contributor and User Administrator Access roles to the service principal, you have created a custom role with the required Azure permissions.

Procedure

1. Create the service principal for your account by running the following command:

   $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role <role_name> \(1)
        --name <service_principal> \(2)
        --scopes /subscriptions/<subscription_id> (3)

   1	Defines the role name. You can use the Contributor role, or you can specify a custom role which contains the necessary permissions.
   2	Defines the service principal name.
   3	Specifies the subscription ID.

   Example output

   Creating 'Contributor' role assignment under scope '/subscriptions/<subscription_id>'
   The output includes credentials that you must protect. Be sure that you do not
   include these credentials in your code or check the credentials into your source
   control. For more information, see https://aka.ms/azadsp-cli
   {
     "appId": "axxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
     "displayName": <service_principal>",
     "password": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
     "tenantId": "8xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"
   }

2. Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the output. You require these values when installing the cluster.

3. If you applied the Contributor role to your service principal, assign the User Administrator Access role by running the following command:

   $ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \
     --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp show --id <appId> --query id -o tsv) (1)
     --scope /subscriptions/<subscription_id> (2)

   1	Specify the appId parameter value for your service principal.
   2	Specifies the subscription ID.

Additional resources

• For more information about CCO modes, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.

Supported Azure regions

The installation program dynamically generates the list of available Microsoft Azure regions based on your subscription.

Supported Azure public regions

• australiacentral (Australia Central)

• australiaeast (Australia East)

• australiasoutheast (Australia South East)

• brazilsouth (Brazil South)

• canadacentral (Canada Central)

• canadaeast (Canada East)

• centralindia (Central India)

• centralus (Central US)

• eastasia (East Asia)

• eastus (East US)

• eastus2 (East US 2)

• francecentral (France Central)

• germanywestcentral (Germany West Central)

• israelcentral (Israel Central)

• italynorth (Italy North)

• japaneast (Japan East)

• japanwest (Japan West)

• koreacentral (Korea Central)

• koreasouth (Korea South)

• northcentralus (North Central US)

• northeurope (North Europe)

• norwayeast (Norway East)

• polandcentral (Poland Central)

• qatarcentral (Qatar Central)

• southafricanorth (South Africa North)

• southcentralus (South Central US)

• southeastasia (Southeast Asia)

• southindia (South India)

• swedencentral (Sweden Central)

• switzerlandnorth (Switzerland North)

• uaenorth (UAE North)

• uksouth (UK South)

• ukwest (UK West)

• westcentralus (West Central US)

• westeurope (West Europe)

• westindia (West India)

• westus (West US)

• westus2 (West US 2)

• westus3 (West US 3)

Supported Azure Government regions

Support for the following Microsoft Azure Government (MAG) regions was added in OKD version 4.6:

• usgovtexas (US Gov Texas)

• usgovvirginia (US Gov Virginia)

You can reference all available MAG regions in the Azure documentation. Other provided MAG regions are expected to work with OKD, but have not been tested.

Requirements for a cluster with user-provisioned infrastructure

For a cluster that contains user-provisioned infrastructure, you must deploy all of the required machines.

This section describes the requirements for deploying OKD on user-provisioned infrastructure.

Required machines for cluster installation

The smallest OKD clusters require the following hosts:

The bootstrap and control plane machines must use Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) as the operating system. However, the compute machines can choose between Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), Fedora 8.6 and later.

See Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.

Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each cluster machine must meet the following minimum requirements:

1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or hyperthreading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.

2. OKD and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.

3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use Fedora compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of Fedora 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OKD 4.10 and later.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OKD.

Additional resources

• Optimizing storage

Tested instance types for Azure

The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OKD.

Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture

• standardBSFamily

• standardBsv2Family

• standardDADSv5Family

• standardDASv4Family

• standardDASv5Family

• standardDCACCV5Family

• standardDCADCCV5Family

• standardDCADSv5Family

• standardDCASv5Family

• standardDCSv3Family

• standardDCSv2Family

• standardDDCSv3Family

• standardDDSv4Family

• standardDDSv5Family

• standardDLDSv5Family

• standardDLSv5Family

• standardDSFamily

• standardDSv2Family

• standardDSv2PromoFamily

• standardDSv3Family

• standardDSv4Family

• standardDSv5Family

• standardEADSv5Family

• standardEASv4Family

• standardEASv5Family

• standardEBDSv5Family

• standardEBSv5Family

• standardECACCV5Family

• standardECADCCV5Family

• standardECADSv5Family

• standardECASv5Family

• standardEDSv4Family

• standardEDSv5Family

• standardEIADSv5Family

• standardEIASv4Family

• standardEIASv5Family

• standardEIBDSv5Family

• standardEIBSv5Family

• standardEIDSv5Family

• standardEISv3Family

• standardEISv5Family

• standardESv3Family

• standardESv4Family

• standardESv5Family

• standardFXMDVSFamily

• standardFSFamily

• standardFSv2Family

• standardGSFamily

• standardHBrsv2Family

• standardHBSFamily

• standardHCSFamily

• standardHXFamily

• standardLASv3Family

• standardLSFamily

• standardLSv2Family

• standardLSv3Family

• standardMDSMediumMemoryv2Family

• standardMIDSMediumMemoryv2Family

• standardMISMediumMemoryv2Family

• standardMSFamily

• standardMSMediumMemoryv2Family

• StandardNCADSA100v4Family

• Standard NCASv3_T4 Family

• standardNCSv3Family

• standardNDSv2Family

• standardNPSFamily

• StandardNVADSA10v5Family

• standardNVSv3Family

• standardXEISv4Family

Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures

The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OKD.

Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture

• standardDPSv5Family

• standardDPDSv5Family

• standardDPLDSv5Family

• standardDPLSv5Family

• standardEPSv5Family

• standardEPDSv5Family

Using the Azure Marketplace offering

Using the Azure Marketplace offering lets you deploy an OKD cluster, which is billed on pay-per-use basis (hourly, per core) through Azure, while still being supported directly by Red Hat.

To deploy an OKD cluster using the Azure Marketplace offering, you must first obtain the Azure Marketplace image. The installation program uses this image to deploy worker nodes. When obtaining your image, consider the following:

• While the images are the same, the Azure Marketplace publisher is different depending on your region. If you are located in North America, specify redhat as the publisher. If you are located in EMEA, specify redhat-limited as the publisher.

• The offer includes a rh-ocp-worker SKU and a rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker SKU represents a Hyper-V generation version 2 VM image. The default instance types used in OKD are version 2 compatible. If you plan to use an instance type that is only version 1 compatible, use the image associated with the rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU represents a Hyper-V version 1 VM image.

Prerequisites

• You have installed the Azure CLI client (az).

• Your Azure account is entitled for the offer and you have logged into this account with the Azure CLI client.

Procedure

1. Display all of the available OKD images by running one of the following commands:

   • North America:

     $  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat -o table

     Example output

     Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                             Version
     -------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------  -----------------
     rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker       RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:413.92.2023101700            413.92.2023101700
     rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker-gen1  RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:413.92.2023101700       413.92.2023101700

   • EMEA:

     $  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat-limited -o table

     Example output

     Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                                     Version
     -------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------          -----------------
     rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker       redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:413.92.2023101700            413.92.2023101700
     rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker-gen1  redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:413.92.2023101700       413.92.2023101700

   Regardless of the version of OKD that you install, the correct version of the Azure Marketplace image to use is 4.13. If required, your VMs are automatically upgraded as part of the installation process.

2. Inspect the image for your offer by running one of the following commands:

   • North America:

     $ az vm image show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

   • EMEA:

     $ az vm image show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

3. Review the terms of the offer by running one of the following commands:

   • North America:

     $ az vm image terms show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

   • EMEA:

     $ az vm image terms show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

4. Accept the terms of the offering by running one of the following commands:

   • North America:

     $ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

   • EMEA:

     $ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

5. Record the image details of your offer. If you use the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy your worker nodes:

   1. Update storageProfile.imageReference by deleting the id parameter and adding the offer, publisher, sku, and version parameters by using the values from your offer.

   2. Specify a plan for the virtual machines (VMs).

      Example 06_workers.json ARM template with an updated storageProfile.imageReference object and a specified plan

      ...
        "plan" : {
          "name": "rh-ocp-worker",
          "product": "rh-ocp-worker",
          "publisher": "redhat"
        },
        "dependsOn" : [
          "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', concat(variables('vmNames')[copyIndex()], '-nic'))]"
        ],
        "properties" : {
      ...
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
          "offer": "rh-ocp-worker",
          "publisher": "redhat",
          "sku": "rh-ocp-worker",
          "version": "413.92.2023101700"
          }
          ...
         }
      ...
        }

Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OKD, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

• You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

1. Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

   Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

2. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

3. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.

   Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}} as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.

   If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager:

   • Red Hat Operators are not available.

   • The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.

   • Content from the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog Container images registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.

Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Procedure

1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses the Fedora cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. View the public SSH key:

   $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

   For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

   $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

   On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

   1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

Next steps

• When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program. If you install a cluster on infrastructure that you provision, you must provide the key to the installation program.

Creating the installation files for Azure

To install OKD on Microsoft Azure using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You generate and customize the install-config.yaml file, Kubernetes manifests, and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

Optional: Creating a separate /var partition

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OKD be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OKD supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

• /var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.

• /var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.

• /var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OKD at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OKD installation.

Procedure

1. Create a directory to hold the OKD installation files:

   $ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig

2. Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

   Example output

   ? SSH Public Key ...
   INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
   INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
   INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

3. Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

   Example output

   99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
   ...

4. Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition:

   variant: openshift
   version: 4.0
   metadata:
     labels:
       machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
     name: 98-var-partition
   storage:
     disks:
     - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> (1)
       partitions:
       - label: var
         start_mib: <partition_start_offset> (2)
         size_mib: <partition_size> (3)
     filesystems:
       - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
         path: /var
         format: xfs
         mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] (4)
         with_mount_unit: true

   1	The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
   2	When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of FCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
   3	The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
   4	The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.

   When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.

5. Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command:

   $ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml

6. Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:

   $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
   auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) systems.

Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OKD cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.

Prerequisites

• You have the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

• You have an Azure subscription ID and tenant ID.

• If you are installing the cluster using a service principal, you have its application ID and password.

• If you are installing the cluster using a system-assigned managed identity, you have enabled it on the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

• If you are installing the cluster using a user-assigned managed identity, you have met these prerequisites:

  • You have its client ID.

  • You have assigned it to the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

Procedure

1. Optional: If you have run the installation program on this computer before, and want to use an alternative service principal or managed identity, go to the ~/.azure/ directory and delete the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file.

   Deleting this file prevents the installation program from automatically reusing subscription and authentication values from a previous installation.

2. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> (1)

      1	For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      When specifying the directory:

      • Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.

      • Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.

        Always delete the ~/.powervs directory to avoid reusing a stale configuration. Run the following command: $ rm -rf ~/.powervs

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select azure as the platform to target.

         If the installation program cannot locate the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file from a previous installation, you are prompted for Azure subscription and authentication values.

      3. Enter the following Azure parameter values for your subscription:

         • azure subscription id: Enter the subscription ID to use for the cluster.

         • azure tenant id: Enter the tenant ID.

      4. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client id:

         • If you are using a service principal, enter its application ID.

         • If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

         • If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, specify its client ID.

      5. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client secret:

         • If you are using a service principal, enter its password.

         • If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

         • If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

      6. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.

      7. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

      8. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

         All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

1. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the “Installation configuration parameters” section.

   If you are installing a three-node cluster, be sure to set the compute.replicas parameter to 0. This ensures that the cluster’s control planes are schedulable. For more information, see “Installing a three-node cluster on Azure”.

2. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

If previously not detected, the installation program creates an osServicePrincipal.json configuration file and stores this file in the ~/.azure/ directory on your computer. This ensures that the installation program can load the profile when it is creating an OKD cluster on the target platform.

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

• You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

• You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

  The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration. For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and OpenStack, the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: my.domain.com
   proxy:
     httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
     httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
     noProxy: example.com (3)
   additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
       <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
       -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> (5)

   1	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
   2	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
   3	A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
   4	If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the FCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle.
   5	Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.

   The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

   If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example: $ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete —log-level debug

2. Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Exporting common variables for ARM templates

You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Microsoft Azure.

Prerequisites

• Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Export common variables found in the install-config.yaml to be used by the provided ARM templates:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=<cluster_name>(1)
   $ export AZURE_REGION=<azure_region>(2)
   $ export SSH_KEY=<ssh_key>(3)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=<base_domain>(4)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=<base_domain_resource_group>(5)

   1	The value of the .metadata.name attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   2	The region to deploy the cluster into, for example centralus. This is the value of the .platform.azure.region attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   3	The SSH RSA public key file as a string. You must enclose the SSH key in quotes since it contains spaces. This is the value of the .sshKey attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   4	The base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster. This is the value of the .baseDomain attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   5	The resource group where the public DNS zone exists. This is the value of the .platform.azure.baseDomainResourceGroupName attribute from the install-config.yaml file.

   For example:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=test-cluster
   $ export AZURE_REGION=centralus
   $ export SSH_KEY="ssh-rsa xxx/xxx/xxx= user@email.com"
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=example.com
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=ocp-cluster

2. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Prerequisites

• You obtained the OKD installation program.

• You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

1. Change to the directory that contains the OKD installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml

   By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

3. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

4. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml

   If you disabled the MachineAPI capability when installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines. Otherwise, your cluster fails to install.

   Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.

   If you are installing a three-node cluster, skip the following step to allow the control plane nodes to be schedulable.

   When you configure control plane nodes from the default unschedulable to schedulable, additional subscriptions are required. This is because control plane nodes then become compute nodes.

5. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

   1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.

   2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.

   3. Save and exit the file.

6. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:

   apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
   kind: DNS
   metadata:
     creationTimestamp: null
     name: cluster
   spec:
     baseDomain: example.openshift.com
     privateZone: (1)
       id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
     publicZone: (1)
       id: example.openshift.com
   status: {}

   1	Remove this section completely.

   If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.

7. When configuring Azure on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must export some common variables defined in the manifest files to use later in the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates:

   1. Export the infrastructure ID by using the following command:

      $ export INFRA_ID=<infra_id> (1)

      1

      The OKD cluster has been assigned an identifier (INFRA_ID) in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>. This will be used as the base name for most resources created using the provided ARM templates. This is the value of the .status.infrastructureName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

   2. Export the resource group by using the following command:

      $ export RESOURCE_GROUP=<resource_group> (1)

      1

      All resources created in this Azure deployment exists as part of a resource group. The resource group name is also based on the INFRA_ID, in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>-rg. This is the value of the .status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

8. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

   Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:

   .
   ├── auth
   │   ├── kubeadmin-password
   │   └── kubeconfig
   ├── bootstrap.ign
   ├── master.ign
   ├── metadata.json
   └── worker.ign

Creating the Azure resource group

You must create a Microsoft Azure resource group and an identity for that resource group. These are both used during the installation of your OKD cluster on Azure.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the resource group in a supported Azure region:

   $ az group create --name ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION}

2. Create an Azure identity for the resource group:

   $ az identity create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity

   This is used to grant the required access to Operators in your cluster. For example, this allows the Ingress Operator to create a public IP and its load balancer. You must assign the Azure identity to a role.

3. Grant the Contributor role to the Azure identity:

   1. Export the following variables required by the Azure role assignment:

      $ export PRINCIPAL_ID=`az identity show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${INFRA_ID}-identity --query principalId --out tsv`

      $ export RESOURCE_GROUP_ID=`az group show -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query id --out tsv`

   2. Assign the Contributor role to the identity:

      $ az role assignment create --assignee "${PRINCIPAL_ID}" --role 'Contributor' --scope "${RESOURCE_GROUP_ID}"

      If you want to assign a custom role with all the required permissions to the identity, run the following command: $ az role assignment create —assignee “${PRINCIPAL_ID}” —role <custom_role> \ (1) —scope “${RESOURCE_GROUP_ID}” 1 Specifies the custom role name.

Uploading the FCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file

The Azure client does not support deployments based on files existing locally. You must copy and store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file in a storage container so they are accessible during deployment.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create an Azure storage account to store the VHD cluster image:

   $ az storage account create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION} --name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --kind Storage --sku Standard_LRS

   The Azure storage account name must be between 3 and 24 characters in length and use numbers and lower-case letters only. If your CLUSTER_NAME variable does not follow these restrictions, you must manually define the Azure storage account name. For more information on Azure storage account name restrictions, see Resolve errors for storage account names in the Azure documentation.

2. Export the storage account key as an environment variable:

   $ export ACCOUNT_KEY=`az storage account keys list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --query "[0].value" -o tsv`

3. Export the URL of the FCOS VHD to an environment variable:

   $ export VHD_URL=`openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq -r '.architectures.<architecture>."rhel-coreos-extensions"."azure-disk".url'`

   The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must specify an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OKD version if it is available.

4. Create the storage container for the VHD:

   $ az storage container create --name vhd --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

5. Copy the local VHD to a blob:

   $ az storage blob copy start --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} --destination-blob "rhcos.vhd" --destination-container vhd --source-uri "${VHD_URL}"

6. Create a blob storage container and upload the generated bootstrap.ign file:

   $ az storage container create --name files --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

   $ az storage blob upload --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c "files" -f "<installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign" -n "bootstrap.ign"

Example for creating DNS zones

DNS records are required for clusters that use user-provisioned infrastructure. You should choose the DNS strategy that fits your scenario.

For this example, Azure’s DNS solution is used, so you will create a new public DNS zone for external (internet) visibility and a private DNS zone for internal cluster resolution.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create the new public DNS zone in the resource group exported in the BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP environment variable:

   $ az network dns zone create -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

   You can skip this step if you are using a public DNS zone that already exists.

2. Create the private DNS zone in the same resource group as the rest of this deployment:

   $ az network private-dns zone create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

You can learn more about configuring a public DNS zone in Azure by visiting that section.

Creating a VNet in Azure

You must create a virtual network (VNet) in Microsoft Azure for your OKD cluster to use. You can customize the VNet to meet your requirements. One way to create the VNet is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the VNet section of this topic and save it as 01_vnet.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the VNet that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/01_vnet.json" \
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(1)

   1	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

3. Link the VNet template to the private DNS zone:

   $ az network private-dns link vnet create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n ${INFRA_ID}-network-link -v "${INFRA_ID}-vnet" -e false

ARM template for the VNet

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the VNet that you need for your OKD cluster:

01_vnet.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "addressPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/16",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/24",
    "nodeSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-worker-subnet')]",
    "nodeSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.1.0/24",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "name" : "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "addressSpace" : {
          "addressPrefixes" : [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('masterSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "[variables('nodeSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('nodeSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "name" : "[variables('clusterNsgName')]",
      "apiVersion" : "2018-10-01",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties" : {
        "securityRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "apiserver_in",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange" : "*",
              "destinationPortRange" : "6443",
              "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "access" : "Allow",
              "priority" : 101,
              "direction" : "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Deploying the FCOS cluster image for the Azure infrastructure

You must use a valid Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image for Microsoft Azure for your OKD nodes.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image in an Azure storage container.

• Store the bootstrap Ignition config file in an Azure storage container.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for image storage section of this topic and save it as 02_storage.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the image storage that your cluster requires.

2. Export the FCOS VHD blob URL as a variable:

   $ export VHD_BLOB_URL=`az storage blob url --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c vhd -n "rhcos.vhd" -o tsv`

3. Deploy the cluster image:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/02_storage.json" \
     --parameters vhdBlobURL="${VHD_BLOB_URL}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \ (2)
     --parameters storageAccount="${CLUSTER_NAME}sa" \ (3)
     --parameters architecture="<architecture>" (4)

   1	The blob URL of the FCOS VHD to be used to create master and worker machines.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.
   3	The name of your Azure storage account.
   4	Specify the system architecture. Valid values are x64 (default) or Arm64.

ARM template for image storage

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the stored Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image that you need for your OKD cluster:

02_storage.json ARM template

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "architecture": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The architecture of the Virtual Machines"
      },
      "defaultValue": "x64",
      "allowedValues": [
        "Arm64",
        "x64"
      ]
    },
    "baseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "storageAccount": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The Storage Account name"
      }
    },
    "vhdBlobURL": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "URL pointing to the blob where the VHD to be used to create master and worker machines is located"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "galleryName": "[concat('gallery_', replace(parameters('baseName'), '-', '_'))]",
    "imageName": "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "imageNameGen2": "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-gen2')]",
    "imageRelease": "1.0.0"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/galleries",
      "name": "[variables('galleryName')]",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "resources": [
        {
          "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
          "type": "images",
          "name": "[variables('imageName')]",
          "location": "[variables('location')]",
          "dependsOn": [
            "[variables('galleryName')]"
          ],
          "properties": {
            "architecture": "[parameters('architecture')]",
            "hyperVGeneration": "V1",
            "identifier": {
              "offer": "rhcos",
              "publisher": "RedHat",
              "sku": "basic"
            },
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "osType": "Linux"
          },
          "resources": [
            {
              "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
              "type": "versions",
              "name": "[variables('imageRelease')]",
              "location": "[variables('location')]",
              "dependsOn": [
                "[variables('imageName')]"
              ],
              "properties": {
                "publishingProfile": {
                  "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
                  "targetRegions": [
                    {
                      "name": "[variables('location')]",
                      "regionalReplicaCount": "1"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "storageProfile": {
                  "osDiskImage": {
                    "source": {
                      "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', parameters('storageAccount'))]",
                      "uri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
          "type": "images",
          "name": "[variables('imageNameGen2')]",
          "location": "[variables('location')]",
          "dependsOn": [
            "[variables('galleryName')]"
          ],
          "properties": {
            "architecture": "[parameters('architecture')]",
            "hyperVGeneration": "V2",
            "identifier": {
              "offer": "rhcos-gen2",
              "publisher": "RedHat-gen2",
              "sku": "gen2"
            },
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "osType": "Linux"
          },
          "resources": [
            {
              "apiVersion": "2021-10-01",
              "type": "versions",
              "name": "[variables('imageRelease')]",
              "location": "[variables('location')]",
              "dependsOn": [
                "[variables('imageNameGen2')]"
              ],
              "properties": {
                "publishingProfile": {
                  "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
                  "targetRegions": [
                    {
                      "name": "[variables('location')]",
                      "regionalReplicaCount": "1"
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "storageProfile": {
                  "osDiskImage": {
                    "source": {
                      "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', parameters('storageAccount'))]",
                      "uri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.

Network connectivity requirements

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OKD cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Creating networking and load balancing components in Azure

You must configure networking and load balancing in Microsoft Azure for your OKD cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as 03_infra.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/03_infra.json" \
     --parameters privateDNSZoneName="${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(2)

   1	The name of the private DNS zone.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

3. Create an api DNS record in the public zone for the API public load balancer. The ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} variable must point to the resource group where the public DNS zone exists.

   1. Export the following variable:

      $ export PUBLIC_IP=`az network public-ip list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[?name=='${INFRA_ID}-master-pip'] | [0].ipAddress" -o tsv`

   2. Create the api DNS record in a new public zone:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

      If you are adding the cluster to an existing public zone, you can create the api DNS record in it instead:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

ARM template for the network and load balancers

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the networking objects and load balancers that you need for your OKD cluster:

03_infra.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vnetBaseName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The specific customer vnet's base name (optional)"
      }
    },
    "privateDNSZoneName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Name of the private DNS zone"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(if(not(empty(parameters('vnetBaseName'))), parameters('vnetBaseName'), parameters('baseName')), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-pip')]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "masterLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal-lb')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "skuName": "Standard"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "public-lb-ip-v4",
            "properties" : {
              "publicIPAddress" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" :"[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/public-lb-ip-v4')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
              },
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2018-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('internalLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "privateIPAddressVersion" : "IPv4"
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-backend"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 22623,
              "backendPort" : 22623,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/internal-lb-backend')]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/sint-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 6443,
              "requestPath": "/readyz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Https",
              "port" : 22623,
              "requestPath": "/healthz",
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2018-09-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones/A",
      "name": "[concat(parameters('privateDNSZoneName'), '/api-int')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "ttl": 60,
        "aRecords": [
          {
            "ipv4Address": "[reference(variables('internalLoadBalancerName')).frontendIPConfigurations[0].properties.privateIPAddress]"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}