Configuring an AWS account

Configuring an AWS account

Before you can install OKD, you must configure an Amazon Web Services (AWS) account.

Configuring Route 53

To install OKD, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) account you use must have a dedicated public hosted zone in your Route 53 service. This zone must be authoritative for the domain. The Route 53 service provides cluster DNS resolution and name lookup for external connections to the cluster.

Procedure

Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through AWS or another source.

If you purchase a new domain through AWS, it takes time for the relevant DNS changes to propagate. For more information about purchasing domains through AWS, see Registering Domain Names Using Amazon Route 53 in the AWS documentation.

If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to AWS. See Making Amazon Route 53 the DNS Service for an Existing Domain in the AWS documentation.
Create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain. See Creating a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.

Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.
Extract the new authoritative name servers from the hosted zone records. See Getting the Name Servers for a Public Hosted Zone in the AWS documentation.
Update the registrar records for the AWS Route 53 name servers that your domain uses. For example, if you registered your domain to a Route 53 service in a different accounts, see the following topic in the AWS documentation: Adding or Changing Name Servers or Glue Records.
If you are using a subdomain, add its delegation records to the parent domain. This gives Amazon Route 53 responsibility for the subdomain. Follow the delegation procedure outlined by the DNS provider of the parent domain. See Creating a subdomain that uses Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service without migrating the parent domain in the AWS documentation for an example high level procedure.

Ingress Operator endpoint configuration for AWS Route 53

If you install in either Amazon Web Services (AWS) GovCloud (US) US-West or US-East region, the Ingress Operator uses us-gov-west-1 region for Route53 and tagging API clients.

The Ingress Operator uses [https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com](https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com) as the tagging API endpoint if a tagging custom endpoint is configured that includes the string ‘us-gov-east-1’.

For more information on AWS GovCloud (US) endpoints, see the Service Endpoints in the AWS documentation about GovCloud (US).

Private, disconnected installations are not supported for AWS GovCloud when you install in the us-gov-east-1 region.

Example Route 53 configuration

platform:
  aws:
    region: us-gov-west-1
    serviceEndpoints:
    - name: ec2
      url: https://ec2.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
    - name: elasticloadbalancing
      url: https://elasticloadbalancing.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com
    - name: route53
      url: https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com (1)
    - name: tagging
      url: https://tagging.us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com (2)

1	Route 53 defaults to `https://route53.us-gov.amazonaws.com` for both AWS GovCloud (US) regions.
2	Only the US-West region has endpoints for tagging. Omit this parameter if your cluster is in another region.

AWS account limits

The OKD cluster uses a number of Amazon Web Services (AWS) components, and the default Service Limits affect your ability to install OKD clusters. If you use certain cluster configurations, deploy your cluster in certain AWS regions, or run multiple clusters from your account, you might need to request additional resources for your AWS account.

The following table summarizes the AWS components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OKD clusters.

Component Number of clusters available by default Default AWS limit Description

Instance Limits

Varies

By default, each cluster creates the following instances:

One bootstrap machine, which is removed after installation
Three control plane nodes
Three worker nodes

These instance type counts are within a new account’s default limit. To deploy more worker nodes, enable autoscaling, deploy large workloads, or use a different instance type, review your account limits to ensure that your cluster can deploy the machines that you need.

In most regions, the worker machines use an m6i.large instance and the bootstrap and control plane machines use m6i.xlarge instances. In some regions, including all regions that do not support these instance types, m5.large and m5.xlarge instances are used instead.

Elastic IPs (EIPs)

0 to 1

5 EIPs per account

To provision the cluster in a highly available configuration, the installation program creates a public and private subnet for each availability zone within a region. Each private subnet requires a NAT Gateway, and each NAT gateway requires a separate elastic IP. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region. To take advantage of the default high availability, install the cluster in a region with at least three availability zones. To install a cluster in a region with more than five availability zones, you must increase the EIP limit.

To use the us-east-1 region, you must increase the EIP limit for your account.

Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs)

5 VPCs per region

Each cluster creates its own VPC.

Elastic Load Balancing (ELB/NLB)

20 per region

By default, each cluster creates internal and external network load balancers for the master API server and a single Classic Load Balancer for the router. Deploying more Kubernetes Service objects with type LoadBalancer will create additional load balancers.

NAT Gateways

5 per availability zone

The cluster deploys one NAT gateway in each availability zone.

Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs)

At least 12

350 per region

The default installation creates 21 ENIs and an ENI for each availability zone in your region. For example, the us-east-1 region contains six availability zones, so a cluster that is deployed in that zone uses 27 ENIs. Review the AWS region map to determine how many availability zones are in each region.

Additional ENIs are created for additional machines and ELB load balancers that are created by cluster usage and deployed workloads.

VPC Gateway

20 per account

Each cluster creates a single VPC Gateway for S3 access.

S3 buckets

100 buckets per account

Because the installation process creates a temporary bucket and the registry component in each cluster creates a bucket, you can create only 99 OKD clusters per AWS account.

Security Groups

250

2,500 per account

Each cluster creates 10 distinct security groups.

Required AWS permissions for the IAM user

Your IAM user must have the permission tag:GetResources in the region us-east-1 to delete the base cluster resources. As part of the AWS API requirement, the OKD installation program performs various actions in this region.

When you attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the IAM user that you create in Amazon Web Services (AWS), you grant that user all of the required permissions. To deploy all components of an OKD cluster, the IAM user requires the following permissions:

Required EC2 permissions for installation

ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupEgress
ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
ec2:CopyImage
ec2:CreateNetworkInterface
ec2:AttachNetworkInterface
ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
ec2:CreateTags
ec2:CreateVolume
ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
ec2:DeleteSnapshot
ec2:DeleteTags
ec2:DeregisterImage
ec2:DescribeAccountAttributes
ec2:DescribeAddresses
ec2:DescribeAvailabilityZones
ec2:DescribeDhcpOptions
ec2:DescribeImages
ec2:DescribeInstanceAttribute
ec2:DescribeInstanceCreditSpecifications
ec2:DescribeInstances
ec2:DescribeInstanceTypes
ec2:DescribeInternetGateways
ec2:DescribeKeyPairs
ec2:DescribeNatGateways
ec2:DescribeNetworkAcls
ec2:DescribeNetworkInterfaces
ec2:DescribePrefixLists
ec2:DescribeRegions
ec2:DescribeRouteTables
ec2:DescribeSecurityGroups
ec2:DescribeSubnets
ec2:DescribeTags
ec2:DescribeVolumes
ec2:DescribeVpcAttribute
ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLink
ec2:DescribeVpcClassicLinkDnsSupport
ec2:DescribeVpcEndpoints
ec2:DescribeVpcs
ec2:GetEbsDefaultKmsKeyId
ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
ec2:ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
ec2:RunInstances
ec2:TerminateInstances

Required permissions for creating network resources during installation

ec2:AllocateAddress
ec2:AssociateAddress
ec2:AssociateDhcpOptions
ec2:AssociateRouteTable
ec2:AttachInternetGateway
ec2:CreateDhcpOptions
ec2:CreateInternetGateway
ec2:CreateNatGateway
ec2:CreateRoute
ec2:CreateRouteTable
ec2:CreateSubnet
ec2:CreateVpc
ec2:CreateVpcEndpoint
ec2:ModifySubnetAttribute
ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions for creating network resources.

Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELB) for installation

elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeInstanceHealth
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTags
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener

Required Elastic Load Balancing permissions (ELBv2) for installation

elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeListeners
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancerAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeLoadBalancers
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroupAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetHealth
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets

Required IAM permissions for installation

iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile
iam:CreateInstanceProfile
iam:CreateRole
iam:DeleteInstanceProfile
iam:DeleteRole
iam:DeleteRolePolicy
iam:GetInstanceProfile
iam:GetRole
iam:GetRolePolicy
iam:GetUser
iam:ListInstanceProfilesForRole
iam:ListRoles
iam:ListUsers
iam:PassRole
iam:PutRolePolicy
iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile
iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy
iam:TagRole

If you have not created a load balancer in your AWS account, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole permission.

Required Route 53 permissions for installation

route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets
route53:ChangeTagsForResource
route53:CreateHostedZone
route53:DeleteHostedZone
route53:GetChange
route53:GetHostedZone
route53:ListHostedZones
route53:ListHostedZonesByName
route53:ListResourceRecordSets
route53:ListTagsForResource
route53:UpdateHostedZoneComment

Required S3 permissions for installation

s3:CreateBucket
s3:DeleteBucket
s3:GetAccelerateConfiguration
s3:GetBucketAcl
s3:GetBucketCors
s3:GetBucketLocation
s3:GetBucketLogging
s3:GetBucketPolicy
s3:GetBucketObjectLockConfiguration
s3:GetBucketReplication
s3:GetBucketRequestPayment
s3:GetBucketTagging
s3:GetBucketVersioning
s3:GetBucketWebsite
s3:GetEncryptionConfiguration
s3:GetLifecycleConfiguration
s3:GetReplicationConfiguration
s3:ListBucket
s3:PutBucketAcl
s3:PutBucketTagging
s3:PutEncryptionConfiguration

S3 permissions that cluster Operators require

s3:DeleteObject
s3:GetObject
s3:GetObjectAcl
s3:GetObjectTagging
s3:GetObjectVersion
s3:PutObject
s3:PutObjectAcl
s3:PutObjectTagging

Required permissions to delete base cluster resources

autoscaling:DescribeAutoScalingGroups
ec2:DeletePlacementGroup
ec2:DeleteNetworkInterface
ec2:DeleteVolume
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:DescribeTargetGroups
iam:DeleteAccessKey
iam:DeleteUser
iam:ListAttachedRolePolicies
iam:ListInstanceProfiles
iam:ListRolePolicies
iam:ListUserPolicies
s3:DeleteObject
s3:ListBucketVersions
tag:GetResources

Required permissions to delete network resources

ec2:DeleteDhcpOptions
ec2:DeleteInternetGateway
ec2:DeleteNatGateway
ec2:DeleteRoute
ec2:DeleteRouteTable
ec2:DeleteSubnet
ec2:DeleteVpc
ec2:DeleteVpcEndpoints
ec2:DetachInternetGateway
ec2:DisassociateRouteTable
ec2:ReleaseAddress
ec2:ReplaceRouteTableAssociation

If you use an existing VPC, your account does not require these permissions to delete network resources. Instead, your account only requires the tag:UntagResources permission to delete network resources.

Required permissions to delete a cluster with shared instance roles

iam:UntagRole

Additional IAM and S3 permissions that are required to create manifests

iam:DeleteAccessKey
iam:DeleteUser
iam:DeleteUserPolicy
iam:GetUserPolicy
iam:ListAccessKeys
iam:PutUserPolicy
iam:TagUser
s3:PutBucketPublicAccessBlock
s3:GetBucketPublicAccessBlock
s3:PutLifecycleConfiguration
s3:HeadBucket
s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads
s3:AbortMultipartUpload

If you are managing your cloud provider credentials with mint mode, the IAM user also requires the iam:CreateAccessKey and iam:CreateUser permissions.

Optional permissions for instance and quota checks for installation

ec2:DescribeInstanceTypeOfferings
servicequotas:ListAWSDefaultServiceQuotas

Optional permissions for the cluster owner account when installing a cluster on a shared VPC

sts:AssumeRole

Creating an IAM user

Each Amazon Web Services (AWS) account contains a root user account that is based on the email address you used to create the account. This is a highly-privileged account, and it is recommended to use it for only initial account and billing configuration, creating an initial set of users, and securing the account.

Before you install OKD, create a secondary IAM administrative user. As you complete the Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account procedure in the AWS documentation, set the following options:

Procedure

Specify the IAM user name and select Programmatic access.

Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to ensure that the account has sufficient permission to create the cluster. This policy provides the cluster with the ability to grant credentials to each OKD component. The cluster grants the components only the credentials that they require.

While it is possible to create a policy that grants the all of the required AWS permissions and attach it to the user, this is not the preferred option. The cluster will not have the ability to grant additional credentials to individual components, so the same credentials are used by all components.

Optional: Add metadata to the user by attaching tags.
Confirm that the user name that you specified is granted the AdministratorAccess policy.

Record the access key ID and secret access key values. You must use these values when you configure your local machine to run the installation program.

You cannot use a temporary session token that you generated while using a multi-factor authentication device to authenticate to AWS when you deploy a cluster. The cluster continues to use your current AWS credentials to create AWS resources for the entire life of the cluster, so you must use key-based, long-term credentials.

IAM Policies and AWS authentication

By default, the installation program creates instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.

However, you can create your own IAM roles and specify them as part of the installation process. You might need to specify your own roles to deploy the cluster or to manage the cluster after installation. For example:

Your organization’s security policies require that you use a more restrictive set of permissions to install the cluster.
After the installation, the cluster is configured with an Operator that requires access to additional services.

If you choose to specify your own IAM roles, you can take the following steps:

Begin with the default policies and adapt as required. For more information, see “Default permissions for IAM instance profiles”.
Use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template that is based on the cluster’s activity. For more information see, “Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates”.

Default permissions for IAM instance profiles

By default, the installation program creates IAM instance profiles for the bootstrap, control plane and worker instances with the necessary permissions for the cluster to operate.

The following lists specify the default permissions for control plane and compute machines:

Default IAM role permissions for control plane instance profiles

ec2:AttachVolume
ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress
ec2:CreateSecurityGroup
ec2:CreateTags
ec2:CreateVolume
ec2:DeleteSecurityGroup
ec2:DeleteVolume
ec2:Describe*
ec2:DetachVolume
ec2:ModifyInstanceAttribute
ec2:ModifyVolume
ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupIngress
elasticloadbalancing:AddTags
elasticloadbalancing:AttachLoadBalancerToSubnets
elasticloadbalancing:ApplySecurityGroupsToLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:CreateListener
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerPolicy
elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancerListeners
elasticloadbalancing:CreateTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteListener
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancerListeners
elasticloadbalancing:DeleteTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterInstancesFromLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:DeregisterTargets
elasticloadbalancing:Describe*
elasticloadbalancing:DetachLoadBalancerFromSubnets
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyListener
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroup
elasticloadbalancing:ModifyTargetGroupAttributes
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterInstancesWithLoadBalancer
elasticloadbalancing:RegisterTargets
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesForBackendServer
elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener
kms:DescribeKey

Default IAM role permissions for compute instance profiles

ec2:DescribeInstances
ec2:DescribeRegions

Specifying an existing IAM role

Instead of allowing the installation program to create IAM instance profiles with the default permissions, you can use the install-config.yaml file to specify an existing IAM role for control plane and compute instances.

Prerequisites

You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

Update compute.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the control plane machines.

Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for compute instances
```
compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    aws:
      iamRole: ExampleRole
```
Update controlPlane.platform.aws.iamRole with an existing role for the compute machines.

Sample install-config.yaml file with an IAM role for control plane instances
```
controlPlane:
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    aws:
      iamRole: ExampleRole
```
Save the file and reference it when installing the OKD cluster.

Additional resources

See Deploying the cluster.

Using AWS IAM Analyzer to create policy templates

The minimal set of permissions that the control plane and compute instance profiles require depends on how the cluster is configured for its daily operation.

One way to determine which permissions the cluster instances require is to use the AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer (IAM Access Analyzer) to create a policy template:

A policy template contains the permissions the cluster has used over a specified period of time.
You can then use the template to create policies with fine-grained permissions.

Procedure

The overall process could be:

Ensure that CloudTrail is enabled. CloudTrail records all of the actions and events in your AWS account, including the API calls that are required to create a policy template. For more information, see the AWS documentation for working with CloudTrail.
Create an instance profile for control plane instances and an instance profile for compute instances. Be sure to assign each role a permissive policy, such as PowerUserAccess. For more information, see the AWS documentation for creating instance profile roles.
Install the cluster in a development environment and configure it as required. Be sure to deploy all of applications the cluster will host in a production environment.
Test the cluster thoroughly. Testing the cluster ensures that all of the required API calls are logged.
Use the IAM Access Analyzer to create a policy template for each instance profile. For more information, see the AWS documentation for generating policies based on the CloudTrail logs.
Create and add a fine-grained policy to each instance profile.
Remove the permissive policy from each instance profile.
Deploy a production cluster using the existing instance profiles with the new policies.

You can add IAM Conditions to your policy to make it more restrictive and compliant with your organization security requirements.

Supported AWS Marketplace regions

Installing an OKD cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is available to customers who purchase the offer in North America.

While the offer must be purchased in North America, you can deploy the cluster to any of the following supported paritions:

Public
GovCloud

Deploying a OKD cluster using an AWS Marketplace image is not supported for the AWS secret regions or China regions.

Supported AWS regions

You can deploy an OKD cluster to the following regions.

AWS public regions

The following AWS public regions are supported:

af-south-1 (Cape Town)
ap-east-1 (Hong Kong)
ap-northeast-1 (Tokyo)
ap-northeast-2 (Seoul)
ap-northeast-3 (Osaka)
ap-south-1 (Mumbai)
ap-south-2 (Hyderabad)
ap-southeast-1 (Singapore)
ap-southeast-2 (Sydney)
ap-southeast-3 (Jakarta)
ap-southeast-4 (Melbourne)
ca-central-1 (Central)
eu-central-1 (Frankfurt)
eu-central-2 (Zurich)
eu-north-1 (Stockholm)
eu-south-1 (Milan)
eu-south-2 (Spain)
eu-west-1 (Ireland)
eu-west-2 (London)
eu-west-3 (Paris)
me-central-1 (UAE)
me-south-1 (Bahrain)
sa-east-1 (São Paulo)
us-east-1 (N. Virginia)
us-east-2 (Ohio)
us-west-1 (N. California)
us-west-2 (Oregon)

AWS GovCloud regions

The following AWS GovCloud regions are supported:

us-gov-west-1
us-gov-east-1

AWS SC2S and C2S secret regions

The following AWS secret regions are supported:

us-isob-east-1 Secret Commercial Cloud Services (SC2S)
us-iso-east-1 Commercial Cloud Services (C2S)

AWS China regions

The following AWS China regions are supported:

cn-north-1 (Beijing)
cn-northwest-1 (Ningxia)

Next steps

Install an OKD cluster:
- Quickly install a cluster with default options on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with cloud customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Install a cluster with network customizations on installer-provisioned infrastructure
- Installing a cluster on user-provisioned infrastructure in AWS by using CloudFormation templates
- Installing a cluster on AWS with remote workers on AWS Outposts