Installing a cluster on Azure Stack Hub using ARM templates

In OKD version 4.14, you can install a cluster on Microsoft Azure Stack Hub by using infrastructure that you provide.

Several Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are provided to assist in completing these steps or to help model your own.

Prerequisites

• You reviewed details about the OKD installation and update processes.

• You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.

• You configured an Azure Stack Hub account to host the cluster.

• You downloaded the Azure CLI and installed it on your computer. See Install the Azure CLI in the Azure documentation. The documentation below was tested using version 2.28.0 of the Azure CLI. Azure CLI commands might perform differently based on the version you use.

• If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.

  Be sure to also review this site list if you are configuring a proxy.

Configuring your Azure Stack Hub project

Before you can install OKD, you must configure an Azure project to host it.

Azure Stack Hub account limits

The OKD cluster uses a number of Microsoft Azure Stack Hub components, and the default Quota types in Azure Stack Hub affect your ability to install OKD clusters.

The following table summarizes the Azure Stack Hub components whose limits can impact your ability to install and run OKD clusters.

Additional resources

• Optimizing storage.

Configuring a DNS zone in Azure Stack Hub

To successfully install OKD on Azure Stack Hub, you must create DNS records in an Azure Stack Hub DNS zone. The DNS zone must be authoritative for the domain. To delegate a registrar’s DNS zone to Azure Stack Hub, see Microsoft’s documentation for Azure Stack Hub datacenter DNS integration.

You can view Azure’s DNS solution by visiting this example for creating DNS zones.

Certificate signing requests management

Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

Required Azure Stack Hub roles

Your Microsoft Azure Stack Hub account must have the following roles for the subscription that you use:

• Owner

To set roles on the Azure portal, see the Manage access to resources in Azure Stack Hub with role-based access control in the Microsoft documentation.

Creating a service principal

Because OKD and its installation program create Microsoft Azure resources by using the Azure Resource Manager, you must create a service principal to represent it.

Prerequisites

• Install or update the Azure CLI.

• Your Azure account has the required roles for the subscription that you use.

Procedure

1. Register your environment:

   $ az cloud register -n AzureStackCloud --endpoint-resource-manager <endpoint> (1)

   1	Specify the Azure Resource Manager endpoint, https://management.<region>.<fqdn>/.

   See the Microsoft documentation for details.

2. Set the active environment:

   $ az cloud set -n AzureStackCloud

3. Update your environment configuration to use the specific API version for Azure Stack Hub:

   $ az cloud update --profile 2019-03-01-hybrid

4. Log in to the Azure CLI:

   $ az login

   If you are in a multitenant environment, you must also supply the tenant ID.

5. If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription:

   1. View the list of available accounts and record the tenantId value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster:

      $ az account list --refresh

      Example output

      [
        {
          "cloudName": AzureStackCloud",
          "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
          "isDefault": true,
          "name": "Subscription Name",
          "state": "Enabled",
          "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
          "user": {
            "name": "you@example.com",
            "type": "user"
          }
        }
      ]

   2. View your active account details and confirm that the tenantId value matches the subscription you want to use:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": AzureStackCloud",
        "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee", (1)
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

      1	Ensure that the value of the tenantId parameter is the correct subscription ID.

   3. If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription:

      $ az account set -s <subscription_id> (1)

      1	Specify the subscription ID.

   4. Verify the subscription ID update:

      $ az account show

      Example output

      {
        "environmentName": AzureStackCloud",
        "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee",
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

6. Record the tenantId and id parameter values from the output. You need these values during the OKD installation.

7. Create the service principal for your account:

   $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --name <service_principal> \ (1)
     --scopes /subscriptions/<subscription_id> (2)
     --years <years> (3)

   1	Specify the service principal name.
   2	Specify the subscription ID.
   3	Specify the number of years. By default, a service principal expires in one year. By using the —years option you can extend the validity of your service principal.

   Example output

   Creating 'Contributor' role assignment under scope '/subscriptions/<subscription_id>'
   The output includes credentials that you must protect. Be sure that you do not
   include these credentials in your code or check the credentials into your source
   control. For more information, see https://aka.ms/azadsp-cli
   {
     "appId": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6",
     "displayName": <service_principal>",
     "password": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
     "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee"
   }

8. Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OKD installation.

Additional resources

• For more information about CCO modes, see About the Cloud Credential Operator.

Obtaining the installation program

Before you install OKD, download the installation file on the host you are using for installation.

Prerequisites

• You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.

Procedure

1. Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster.

   Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider.

2. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz

3. Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.

   Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}} as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.

   If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager:

   • Red Hat Operators are not available.

   • The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.

   • Content from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.

Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access

During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.

After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.

If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.

Procedure

1. If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory.

   If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses the Fedora cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures, do not create a key that uses the ed25519 algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses the rsa or ecdsa algorithm.

2. View the public SSH key:

   $ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub

   For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub public key:

   $ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

3. Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather command.

   On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa are managed automatically.

   1. If the ssh-agent process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:

      $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

      Example output

      Agent pid 31874

      If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.

4. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)

   1	Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

   Example output

   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

Next steps

• When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.

Creating the installation files for Azure Stack Hub

To install OKD on Microsoft Azure Stack Hub using user-provisioned infrastructure, you must generate the files that the installation program needs to deploy your cluster and modify them so that the cluster creates only the machines that it will use. You manually create the install-config.yaml file, and then generate and customize the Kubernetes manifests and Ignition config files. You also have the option to first set up a separate var partition during the preparation phases of installation.

Manually creating the installation configuration file

Prerequisites

• You have an SSH public key on your local machine to provide to the installation program. The key will be used for SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes for debugging and disaster recovery.

• You have obtained the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create an installation directory to store your required installation assets in:

   $ mkdir <installation_directory>

   You must create a directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.

2. Customize the sample install-config.yaml file template that is provided and save it in the <installation_directory>.

   You must name this configuration file install-config.yaml.

   The ImageContentSourcePolicy file is generated as an output of oc mirror after the mirroring process is finished. The oc mirror command generates an ImageContentSourcePolicy file which contains the YAML needed to define ImageContentSourcePolicy. Copy the text from this file and paste it into your install-config.yaml file. You must run the ‘oc mirror’ command twice. The first time you run the oc mirror command, you get a full ImageContentSourcePolicy file. The second time you run the oc mirror command, you only get the difference between the first and second run. Because of this behavior, you must always keep a backup of these files in case you need to merge them into one complete ImageContentSourcePolicy file. Keeping a backup of these two output files ensures that you have a complete ImageContentSourcePolicy file.

   Make the following modifications for Azure Stack Hub:

   1. Set the replicas parameter to 0 for the compute pool:

      compute:
      - hyperthreading: Enabled
        name: worker
        platform: {}
        replicas: 0 (1)

      1

      Set to 0.

      The compute machines will be provisioned manually later.

   2. Update the platform.azure section of the install-config.yaml file to configure your Azure Stack Hub configuration:

      platform:
        azure:
          armEndpoint: <azurestack_arm_endpoint> (1)
          baseDomainResourceGroupName: <resource_group> (2)
          cloudName: AzureStackCloud (3)
          region: <azurestack_region> (4)

      1	Specify the Azure Resource Manager endpoint of your Azure Stack Hub environment, like https://management.local.azurestack.external.
      2	Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
      3	Specify the Azure Stack Hub environment, which is used to configure the Azure SDK with the appropriate Azure API endpoints.
      4	Specify the name of your Azure Stack Hub region.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the next step of the installation process. You must back it up now.

Additional resources

• Installation configuration parameters for Azure Stack Hub

Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure Stack Hub

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OKD cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
controlPlane: (1)
  name: master
  platform:
    azure:
      osDisk:
        diskSizeGB: 1024 (2)
        diskType: premium_LRS
  replicas: 3
compute: (1)
- name: worker
  platform:
    azure:
      osDisk:
        diskSizeGB: 512 (2)
        diskType: premium_LRS
  replicas: 0
metadata:
  name: test-cluster (3)
networking:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes (4)
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  azure:
    armEndpoint: azurestack_arm_endpoint (5)
    baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group (6)
    region: azure_stack_local_region (7)
    resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group (8)
    outboundType: Loadbalancer
    cloudName: AzureStackCloud (9)
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' (10)
additionalTrustBundle: | (11)
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... (12)

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the install-config.yaml file.

Prerequisites

• You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

• You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

  The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration. For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and OpenStack, the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:

   apiVersion: v1
   baseDomain: my.domain.com
   proxy:
     httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
     httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
     noProxy: example.com (3)
   additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
       -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
       <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
       -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle> (5)

   1	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.
   2	A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.
   3	A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.
   4	If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace that contains one or more additional CA certificates that are required for proxying HTTPS connections. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges these contents with the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) trust bundle, and this config map is referenced in the trustedCA field of the Proxy object. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle.
   5	Optional: The policy to determine the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly.

   The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

   If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example: $ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete —log-level debug

2. Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.

The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

Exporting common variables for ARM templates

You must export a common set of variables that are used with the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates used to assist in completing a user-provided infrastructure install on Microsoft Azure Stack Hub.

Prerequisites

• Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Export common variables found in the install-config.yaml to be used by the provided ARM templates:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=<cluster_name>(1)
   $ export AZURE_REGION=<azure_region>(2)
   $ export SSH_KEY=<ssh_key>(3)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=<base_domain>(4)
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=<base_domain_resource_group>(5)

   1	The value of the .metadata.name attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   2	The region to deploy the cluster into. This is the value of the .platform.azure.region attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   3	The SSH RSA public key file as a string. You must enclose the SSH key in quotes since it contains spaces. This is the value of the .sshKey attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   4	The base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the DNS zone that you created for your cluster. This is the value of the .baseDomain attribute from the install-config.yaml file.
   5	The resource group where the DNS zone exists. This is the value of the .platform.azure.baseDomainResourceGroupName attribute from the install-config.yaml file.

   For example:

   $ export CLUSTER_NAME=test-cluster
   $ export AZURE_REGION=centralus
   $ export SSH_KEY="ssh-rsa xxx/xxx/xxx= user@email.com"
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN=example.com
   $ export BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP=ocp-cluster

2. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

Creating the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files

Because you must modify some cluster definition files and manually start the cluster machines, you must generate the Kubernetes manifest and Ignition config files that the cluster needs to configure the machines.

The installation configuration file transforms into the Kubernetes manifests. The manifests wrap into the Ignition configuration files, which are later used to configure the cluster machines.

Prerequisites

• You obtained the OKD installation program.

• You created the install-config.yaml installation configuration file.

Procedure

1. Change to the directory that contains the OKD installation program and generate the Kubernetes manifests for the cluster:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory> (1)

   1	For <installation_directory>, specify the installation directory that contains the install-config.yaml file you created.

2. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml

   By removing these files, you prevent the cluster from automatically generating control plane machines.

3. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machine set:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

4. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the worker machines:

   $ rm -f <installation_directory>/openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml

   Because you create and manage the worker machines yourself, you do not need to initialize these machines.

5. Check that the mastersSchedulable parameter in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file is set to false. This setting prevents pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

   1. Open the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.

   2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and ensure that it is set to false.

   3. Save and exit the file.

6. Optional: If you do not want the Ingress Operator to create DNS records on your behalf, remove the privateZone and publicZone sections from the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml DNS configuration file:

   apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
   kind: DNS
   metadata:
     creationTimestamp: null
     name: cluster
   spec:
     baseDomain: example.openshift.com
     privateZone: (1)
       id: mycluster-100419-private-zone
     publicZone: (1)
       id: example.openshift.com
   status: {}

   1	Remove this section completely.

   If you do so, you must add ingress DNS records manually in a later step.

7. Optional: If your Azure Stack Hub environment uses an internal certificate authority (CA), you must update the .spec.trustedCA.name field in the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-proxy-01-config.yaml file to use user-ca-bundle:

   ...
   spec:
     trustedCA:
       name: user-ca-bundle
   ...

   Later, you must update your bootstrap ignition to include the CA.

8. When configuring Azure on user-provisioned infrastructure, you must export some common variables defined in the manifest files to use later in the Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates:

   1. Export the infrastructure ID by using the following command:

      $ export INFRA_ID=<infra_id> (1)

      1

      The OKD cluster has been assigned an identifier (INFRA_ID) in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>. This will be used as the base name for most resources created using the provided ARM templates. This is the value of the .status.infrastructureName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

   2. Export the resource group by using the following command:

      $ export RESOURCE_GROUP=<resource_group> (1)

      1

      All resources created in this Azure deployment exists as part of a resource group. The resource group name is also based on the INFRA_ID, in the form of <cluster_name>-<random_string>-rg. This is the value of the .status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName attribute from the manifests/cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml file.

9. Manually create your cloud credentials.

   1. From the directory that contains the installation program, obtain details of the OKD release image that your openshift-install binary is built to use:

      $ openshift-install version

      Example output

      release image quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.y.z-x86_64

   2. Set a $RELEASE_IMAGE variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:

      $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

   3. Extract the list of CredentialsRequest custom resources (CRs) from the OKD release image by running the following command:

      $ oc adm release extract \
        --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \
        --credentials-requests \
        --included \(1)
        --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \(2)
        --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests> (3)

      1	The —included parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires.
      2	Specify the location of the install-config.yaml file.
      3	Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the CredentialsRequest objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.

      This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

      Sample CredentialsRequest object

      apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
      kind: CredentialsRequest
      metadata:
        labels:
          controller-tools.k8s.io: "1.0"
        name: openshift-image-registry-azure
        namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
      spec:
        secretRef:
          name: installer-cloud-credentials
          namespace: openshift-image-registry
        providerSpec:
          apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
          kind: AzureProviderSpec
          roleBindings:
          - role: Contributor

   4. Create YAML files for secrets in the openshift-install manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in the spec.secretRef for each CredentialsRequest object. The format for the secret data varies for each cloud provider.

      Sample secrets.yaml file:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
          name: ${secret_name}
          namespace: ${secret_namespace}
      stringData:
        azure_subscription_id: ${subscription_id}
        azure_client_id: ${app_id}
        azure_client_secret: ${client_secret}
        azure_tenant_id: ${tenant_id}
        azure_resource_prefix: ${cluster_name}
        azure_resourcegroup: ${resource_group}
        azure_region: ${azure_region}

   5. Create a cco-configmap.yaml file in the manifests directory with the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) disabled:

      Sample ConfigMap object

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ConfigMap
      metadata:
      name: cloud-credential-operator-config
      namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
        annotations:
          release.openshift.io/create-only: "true"
      data:
        disabled: "true"

10. To create the Ignition configuration files, run the following command from the directory that contains the installation program:

    $ ./openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir <installation_directory> (1)

    1	For <installation_directory>, specify the same installation directory.

    Ignition config files are created for the bootstrap, control plane, and compute nodes in the installation directory. The kubeadmin-password and kubeconfig files are created in the ./<installation_directory>/auth directory:

    .
    ├── auth
    │   ├── kubeadmin-password
    │   └── kubeconfig
    ├── bootstrap.ign
    ├── master.ign
    ├── metadata.json
    └── worker.ign

Additional resources

• Manually manage cloud credentials

Optional: Creating a separate /var partition

It is recommended that disk partitioning for OKD be left to the installer. However, there are cases where you might want to create separate partitions in a part of the filesystem that you expect to grow.

OKD supports the addition of a single partition to attach storage to either the /var partition or a subdirectory of /var. For example:

• /var/lib/containers: Holds container-related content that can grow as more images and containers are added to a system.

• /var/lib/etcd: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as performance optimization of etcd storage.

• /var: Holds data that you might want to keep separate for purposes such as auditing.

Storing the contents of a /var directory separately makes it easier to grow storage for those areas as needed and reinstall OKD at a later date and keep that data intact. With this method, you will not have to pull all your containers again, nor will you have to copy massive log files when you update systems.

Because /var must be in place before a fresh installation of Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the following procedure sets up the separate /var partition by creating a machine config manifest that is inserted during the openshift-install preparation phases of an OKD installation.

Procedure

1. Create a directory to hold the OKD installation files:

   $ mkdir $HOME/clusterconfig

2. Run openshift-install to create a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories. Answer the system questions as you are prompted:

   $ openshift-install create manifests --dir $HOME/clusterconfig

   Example output

   ? SSH Public Key ...
   INFO Credentials loaded from the "myprofile" profile in file "/home/myuser/.aws/credentials"
   INFO Consuming Install Config from target directory
   INFO Manifests created in: $HOME/clusterconfig/manifests and $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift

3. Optional: Confirm that the installation program created manifests in the clusterconfig/openshift directory:

   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/

   Example output

   99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
   99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
   ...

4. Create a Butane config that configures the additional partition. For example, name the file $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu, change the disk device name to the name of the storage device on the worker systems, and set the storage size as appropriate. This example places the /var directory on a separate partition:

   variant: openshift
   version: 4.14.0
   metadata:
     labels:
       machineconfiguration.openshift.io/role: worker
     name: 98-var-partition
   storage:
     disks:
     - device: /dev/disk/by-id/<device_name> (1)
       partitions:
       - label: var
         start_mib: <partition_start_offset> (2)
         size_mib: <partition_size> (3)
     filesystems:
       - device: /dev/disk/by-partlabel/var
         path: /var
         format: xfs
         mount_options: [defaults, prjquota] (4)
         with_mount_unit: true

   1	The storage device name of the disk that you want to partition.
   2	When adding a data partition to the boot disk, a minimum value of 25000 MiB (Mebibytes) is recommended. The root file system is automatically resized to fill all available space up to the specified offset. If no value is specified, or if the specified value is smaller than the recommended minimum, the resulting root file system will be too small, and future reinstalls of FCOS might overwrite the beginning of the data partition.
   3	The size of the data partition in mebibytes.
   4	The prjquota mount option must be enabled for filesystems used for container storage.

   When creating a separate /var partition, you cannot use different instance types for worker nodes, if the different instance types do not have the same device name.

5. Create a manifest from the Butane config and save it to the clusterconfig/openshift directory. For example, run the following command:

   $ butane $HOME/clusterconfig/98-var-partition.bu -o $HOME/clusterconfig/openshift/98-var-partition.yaml

6. Run openshift-install again to create Ignition configs from a set of files in the manifest and openshift subdirectories:

   $ openshift-install create ignition-configs --dir $HOME/clusterconfig
   $ ls $HOME/clusterconfig/
   auth  bootstrap.ign  master.ign  metadata.json  worker.ign

Now you can use the Ignition config files as input to the installation procedures to install Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) systems.

Creating the Azure resource group

You must create a Microsoft Azure resource group. This is used during the installation of your OKD cluster on Azure Stack Hub.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

• Create the resource group in a supported Azure region:

  $ az group create --name ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION}

Uploading the FCOS cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file

The Azure client does not support deployments based on files existing locally. You must copy and store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image and bootstrap Ignition config file in a storage container so they are accessible during deployment.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Create an Azure storage account to store the VHD cluster image:

   $ az storage account create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --location ${AZURE_REGION} --name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --kind Storage --sku Standard_LRS

   The Azure storage account name must be between 3 and 24 characters in length and use numbers and lower-case letters only. If your CLUSTER_NAME variable does not follow these restrictions, you must manually define the Azure storage account name. For more information on Azure storage account name restrictions, see Resolve errors for storage account names in the Azure documentation.

2. Export the storage account key as an environment variable:

   $ export ACCOUNT_KEY=`az storage account keys list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --query "[0].value" -o tsv`

3. Export the URL of the FCOS VHD to an environment variable:

   $ export COMPRESSED_VHD_URL=$(openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq -r '.architectures.x86_64.artifacts.azurestack.formats."vhd.gz".disk.location')

   The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must specify an image with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image version that matches your OKD version if it is available.

4. Create the storage container for the VHD:

   $ az storage container create --name vhd --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

5. Download the compressed FCOS VHD file locally:

   $ curl -O -L ${COMPRESSED_VHD_URL}

6. Decompress the VHD file.

   The decompressed VHD file is approximately 16 GB, so be sure that your host system has 16 GB of free space available. You can delete the VHD file after you upload it.

7. Copy the local VHD to a blob:

   $ az storage blob upload --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c vhd -n "rhcos.vhd" -f rhcos-<rhcos_version>-azurestack.x86_64.vhd

8. Create a blob storage container and upload the generated bootstrap.ign file:

   $ az storage container create --name files --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY}

   $ az storage blob upload --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c "files" -f "<installation_directory>/bootstrap.ign" -n "bootstrap.ign"

Example for creating DNS zones

DNS records are required for clusters that use user-provisioned infrastructure. You should choose the DNS strategy that fits your scenario.

For this example, Azure Stack Hub’s datacenter DNS integration is used, so you will create a DNS zone.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

• Create the new DNS zone in the resource group exported in the BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP environment variable:

  $ az network dns zone create -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -n ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}

  You can skip this step if you are using a DNS zone that already exists.

You can learn more about configuring a DNS zone in Azure Stack Hub by visiting that section.

Creating a VNet in Azure Stack Hub

You must create a virtual network (VNet) in Microsoft Azure Stack Hub for your OKD cluster to use. You can customize the VNet to meet your requirements. One way to create the VNet is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the VNet section of this topic and save it as 01_vnet.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the VNet that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/01_vnet.json" \
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(1)

   1	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

ARM template for the VNet

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the VNet that you need for your OKD cluster:

01_vnet.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "addressPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/16",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.0.0/24",
    "nodeSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-worker-subnet')]",
    "nodeSubnetPrefix" : "10.0.1.0/24",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "name" : "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "addressSpace" : {
          "addressPrefixes" : [
            "[variables('addressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('masterSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "[variables('nodeSubnetName')]",
            "properties" : {
              "addressPrefix" : "[variables('nodeSubnetPrefix')]",
              "serviceEndpoints": [],
              "networkSecurityGroup" : {
                "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('clusterNsgName'))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "name" : "[variables('clusterNsgName')]",
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties" : {
        "securityRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "apiserver_in",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange" : "*",
              "destinationPortRange" : "6443",
              "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "access" : "Allow",
              "priority" : 101,
              "direction" : "Inbound"
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "ign_in",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "*",
              "sourcePortRange" : "*",
              "destinationPortRange" : "22623",
              "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
              "access" : "Allow",
              "priority" : 102,
              "direction" : "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Deploying the FCOS cluster image for the Azure Stack Hub infrastructure

You must use a valid Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image for Microsoft Azure Stack Hub for your OKD nodes.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Store the FCOS virtual hard disk (VHD) cluster image in an Azure storage container.

• Store the bootstrap Ignition config file in an Azure storage container.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for image storage section of this topic and save it as 02_storage.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the image storage that your cluster requires.

2. Export the FCOS VHD blob URL as a variable:

   $ export VHD_BLOB_URL=`az storage blob url --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -c vhd -n "rhcos.vhd" -o tsv`

3. Deploy the cluster image:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/02_storage.json" \
     --parameters vhdBlobURL="${VHD_BLOB_URL}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \ (2)
     --parameters storageAccount="${CLUSTER_NAME}sa" \ (3)
     --parameters architecture="<architecture>" (4)

   1	The blob URL of the FCOS VHD to be used to create master and worker machines.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.
   3	The name of your Azure storage account.
   4	Specify the system architecture. Valid values are x64 (default) or Arm64.

ARM template for image storage

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the stored Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image that you need for your OKD cluster:

02_storage.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "vhdBlobURL" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "URL pointing to the blob where the VHD to be used to create master and worker machines is located"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "imageName" : "[parameters('baseName')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-12-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/images",
      "name": "[variables('imageName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "storageProfile": {
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Linux",
            "osState": "Generalized",
            "blobUri": "[parameters('vhdBlobURL')]",
            "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Networking requirements for user-provisioned infrastructure

All the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) machines require networking to be configured in initramfs during boot to fetch their Ignition config files.

Network connectivity requirements

You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OKD cluster components to communicate. Each machine must be able to resolve the hostnames of all other machines in the cluster.

This section provides details about the ports that are required.

Creating networking and load balancing components in Azure Stack Hub

You must configure networking and load balancing in Microsoft Azure Stack Hub for your OKD cluster to use. One way to create these components is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Load balancing requires the following DNS records:

• An api DNS record for the API public load balancer in the DNS zone.

• An api-int DNS record for the API internal load balancer in the DNS zone.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure Stack Hub.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the network and load balancers section of this topic and save it as 03_infra.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the networking and load balancing objects that your cluster requires.

2. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/03_infra.json" \
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}"(1)

   1	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.

3. Create an api DNS record and an api-int DNS record. When creating the API DNS records, the ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} variable must point to the resource group where the DNS zone exists.

   1. Export the following variable:

      $ export PUBLIC_IP=`az network public-ip list -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[?name=='${INFRA_ID}-master-pip'] | [0].ipAddress" -o tsv`

   2. Export the following variable:

      $ export PRIVATE_IP=`az network lb frontend-ip show -g "$RESOURCE_GROUP" --lb-name "${INFRA_ID}-internal" -n internal-lb-ip --query "privateIpAddress" -o tsv`

   3. Create the api DNS record in a new DNS zone:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

      If you are adding the cluster to an existing DNS zone, you can create the api DNS record in it instead:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PUBLIC_IP} --ttl 60

   4. Create the api-int DNS record in a new DNS zone:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z "${CLUSTER_NAME}.${BASE_DOMAIN}" -n api-int -a ${PRIVATE_IP} --ttl 60

      If you are adding the cluster to an existing DNS zone, you can create the api-int DNS record in it instead:

      $ az network dns record-set a add-record -g ${BASE_DOMAIN_RESOURCE_GROUP} -z ${BASE_DOMAIN} -n api-int.${CLUSTER_NAME} -a ${PRIVATE_IP} --ttl 60

ARM template for the network and load balancers

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the networking objects and load balancers that you need for your OKD cluster:

03_infra.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-pip')]",
    "masterPublicIpAddressID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "masterAvailabilitySetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-cluster')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]",
    "skuName": "Basic"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2017-03-30",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets",
      "name" : "[variables('masterAvailabilitySetName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "platformFaultDomainCount": "2",
        "platformUpdateDomainCount": "5"
      },
      "sku": {
        "name": "Aligned"
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('masterPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "public-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "publicIPAddress" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterPublicIpAddressID')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('masterLoadBalancerName')]"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-public",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" :"[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/public-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
              },
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('masterLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-public-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-public-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "port" : 6443,
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
      "name" : "[variables('internalLoadBalancerName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "[variables('skuName')]"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "frontendIPConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "internal-lb-ip",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "privateIPAddressVersion" : "IPv4"
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools" : [
          {
            "name" : "[variables('internalLoadBalancerName')]"
          }
        ],
        "loadBalancingRules" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 6443,
              "backendPort" : 6443,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/api-internal-probe')]"
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint",
            "properties" : {
              "frontendIPConfiguration" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/frontendIPConfigurations/internal-lb-ip')]"
              },
              "frontendPort" : 22623,
              "backendPort" : 22623,
              "enableFloatingIP" : false,
              "idleTimeoutInMinutes" : 30,
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "enableTcpReset" : false,
              "loadDistribution" : "Default",
              "backendAddressPool" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
              },
              "probe" : {
                "id" : "[concat(variables('internalLoadBalancerID'), '/probes/sint-probe')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "probes" : [
          {
            "name" : "api-internal-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "port" : 6443,
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          },
          {
            "name" : "sint-probe",
            "properties" : {
              "protocol" : "Tcp",
              "port" : 22623,
              "intervalInSeconds" : 10,
              "numberOfProbes" : 3
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Creating the bootstrap machine in Azure Stack Hub

You must create the bootstrap machine in Microsoft Azure Stack Hub to use during OKD cluster initialization. One way to create this machine is to modify the provided Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template.

Prerequisites

• Configure an Azure account.

• Generate the Ignition config files for your cluster.

• Create and configure a VNet and associated subnets in Azure Stack Hub.

• Create and configure networking and load balancers in Azure Stack Hub.

• Create control plane and compute roles.

Procedure

1. Copy the template from the ARM template for the bootstrap machine section of this topic and save it as 04_bootstrap.json in your cluster’s installation directory. This template describes the bootstrap machine that your cluster requires.

2. Export the bootstrap URL variable:

   $ bootstrap_url_expiry=`date -u -d "10 hours" '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ'`

   $ export BOOTSTRAP_URL=`az storage blob generate-sas -c 'files' -n 'bootstrap.ign' --https-only --full-uri --permissions r --expiry $bootstrap_url_expiry --account-name ${CLUSTER_NAME}sa --account-key ${ACCOUNT_KEY} -o tsv`

3. Export the bootstrap ignition variable:

   1. If your environment uses a public certificate authority (CA), run this command:

      $ export BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION=`jq -rcnM --arg v "3.2.0" --arg url ${BOOTSTRAP_URL} '{ignition:{version:$v,config:{replace:{source:$url}}}}' | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

   2. If your environment uses an internal CA, you must add your PEM encoded bundle to the bootstrap ignition stub so that your bootstrap virtual machine can pull the bootstrap ignition from the storage account. Run the following commands, which assume your CA is in a file called CA.pem:

      $ export CA="data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,$(cat CA.pem |base64 |tr -d '\n')"

      $ export BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION=`jq -rcnM --arg v "3.2.0" --arg url "$BOOTSTRAP_URL" --arg cert "$CA" '{ignition:{version:$v,security:{tls:{certificateAuthorities:[{source:$cert}]}},config:{replace:{source:$url}}}}' | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

4. Create the deployment by using the az CLI:

   $ az deployment group create --verbose -g ${RESOURCE_GROUP} \
     --template-file "<installation_directory>/04_bootstrap.json" \
     --parameters bootstrapIgnition="${BOOTSTRAP_IGNITION}" \ (1)
     --parameters baseName="${INFRA_ID}" \ (2)
     --parameters diagnosticsStorageAccountName="${CLUSTER_NAME}sa" (3)

   1	The bootstrap Ignition content for the bootstrap cluster.
   2	The base name to be used in resource names; this is usually the cluster’s infrastructure ID.
   3	The name of the storage account for your cluster.

ARM template for the bootstrap machine

You can use the following Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template to deploy the bootstrap machine that you need for your OKD cluster:

04_bootstrap.json ARM template

{
  "$schema" : "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion" : "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters" : {
    "baseName" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Base name to be used in resource names (usually the cluster's Infra ID)"
      }
    },
    "bootstrapIgnition" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "minLength" : 1,
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "Bootstrap ignition content for the bootstrap cluster"
      }
    },
    "sshKeyData" : {
      "type" : "securestring",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "SSH RSA public key file as a string."
      }
    },
    "diagnosticsStorageAccountName": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "bootstrapVMSize" : {
      "type" : "string",
      "defaultValue" : "Standard_DS4_v2",
      "metadata" : {
        "description" : "The size of the Bootstrap Virtual Machine"
      }
    }
  },
  "variables" : {
    "location" : "[resourceGroup().location]",
    "virtualNetworkName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-vnet')]",
    "virtualNetworkID" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
    "masterSubnetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-master-subnet')]",
    "masterSubnetRef" : "[concat(variables('virtualNetworkID'), '/subnets/', variables('masterSubnetName'))]",
    "masterLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'))]",
    "masterAvailabilitySetName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-cluster')]",
    "internalLoadBalancerName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-internal')]",
    "sshKeyPath" : "/home/core/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "vmName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-bootstrap')]",
    "nicName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-nic')]",
    "imageName" : "[parameters('baseName')]",
    "clusterNsgName" : "[concat(parameters('baseName'), '-nsg')]",
    "sshPublicIpAddressName" : "[concat(variables('vmName'), '-ssh-pip')]"
  },
  "resources" : [
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "name" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Basic"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "publicIPAllocationMethod" : "Static",
        "dnsSettings" : {
          "domainNameLabel" : "[variables('sshPublicIpAddressName')]"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "name" : "[variables('nicName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "securityRules": [
          {
            "properties": {
              "description": "ssh-in-nic",
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "22"
            }}],
        "ipConfigurations" : [
          {
            "name" : "pipConfig",
            "properties" : {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod" : "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('sshPublicIpAddressName'))]"
              },
              "subnet" : {
                "id" : "[variables('masterSubnetRef')]"
              },
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools" : [
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('masterLoadBalancerName'))]"
                },
                {
                  "id" : "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'), '/backendAddressPools/', variables('internalLoadBalancerName'))]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "[parameters('diagnosticsStorageAccountName')]",
      "type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "apiVersion": "2017-10-01",
      "location": "[variables('location')]",
      "properties": {},
      "kind": "Storage",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard_LRS"
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-12-01",
      "type" : "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "name" : "[variables('vmName')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'))]",
        "[concat('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/', parameters('diagnosticsStorageAccountName'))]"
      ],
      "properties" : {
        "availabilitySet": {
          "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets',variables('masterAvailabilitySetName'))]"
        },
        "hardwareProfile" : {
          "vmSize" : "[parameters('bootstrapVMSize')]"
        },
        "osProfile" : {
          "computerName" : "[variables('vmName')]",
          "adminUsername" : "core",
          "customData" : "[parameters('bootstrapIgnition')]",
          "linuxConfiguration" : {
            "disablePasswordAuthentication" : true,
            "ssh" : {
              "publicKeys" : [
                {
                  "path" : "[variables('sshKeyPath')]",
                  "keyData" : "[parameters('sshKeyData')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "storageProfile" : {
          "imageReference": {
            "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/images', variables('imageName'))]"
          },
          "osDisk" : {
            "name": "[concat(variables('vmName'),'_OSDisk')]",
            "osType" : "Linux",
            "createOption" : "FromImage",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB" : 100
          }
        },
        "networkProfile" : {
          "networkInterfaces" : [
            {
              "id" : "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', variables('nicName'))]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "diagnosticsProfile": {
          "bootDiagnostics": {
            "enabled": true,
            "storageUri": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts', parameters('diagnosticsStorageAccountName'))).primaryEndpoints.blob]"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "apiVersion" : "2017-10-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules",
      "name" : "[concat(variables('clusterNsgName'), '/bootstrap_ssh_in')]",
      "location" : "[variables('location')]",
      "dependsOn" : [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines', variables('vmName'))]"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "protocol" : "Tcp",
        "sourcePortRange" : "*",
        "destinationPortRange" : "22",
        "sourceAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "destinationAddressPrefix" : "*",
        "access" : "Allow",
        "priority" : 100,
        "direction" : "Inbound"
      }
    }
  ]
}