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New features in Python 3.6

 来源:Mypy 浏览 522 扫码 分享 2020-04-13 20:25:43
  • New features in Python 3.6

    New features in Python 3.6

    Mypy has supported all language features new in Python 3.6 starting with mypy0.510. This section introduces Python 3.6 features that interact withtype checking.

    • Syntax for variable annotations (PEP 526)
    • Asynchronous generators (PEP 525) and comprehensions (PEP 530)
    • New named tuple syntax
    当前内容版权归 Mypy 或其关联方所有，如需对内容或内容相关联开源项目进行关注与资助，请访问 Mypy .
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    • Menu
    • First steps
      • Introduction
      • Getting started
        • Installing and running mypy
        • Function signatures and dynamic vs static typing
        • More function signatures
        • The typing module
        • Local type inference
        • Library stubs and typeshed
        • Configuring mypy
        • Next steps
      • Using mypy with an existing codebase
        • Start small
        • Mypy runner script
        • Continuous Integration
        • Annotate widely imported modules
        • Write annotations as you go
        • Automate annotation of legacy code
        • Speed up mypy runs
        • Introduce stricter options
    • Cheat sheets
      • Type hints cheat sheet (Python 3)
        • Variables
        • Built-in types
        • Functions
        • When you’re puzzled or when things are complicated
        • Standard “duck types”
        • Classes
        • Coroutines and asyncio
        • Miscellaneous
        • Decorators
      • Type hints cheat sheet (Python 2)
        • Built-in types
        • Functions
        • When you’re puzzled or when things are complicated
        • Standard “duck types”
        • Classes
        • Miscellaneous
        • Decorators
    • Type system reference
      • Built-in types
      • Type inference and type annotations
        • Type inference
        • Explicit types for variables
        • Explicit types for collections
        • Compatibility of container types
        • Context in type inference
        • Declaring multiple variable types at a time
        • Starred expressions
      • Kinds of types
        • Class types
        • The Any type
        • Tuple types
        • Callable types (and lambdas)
        • Union types
        • Optional types and the None type
        • Disabling strict optional checking
        • Class name forward references
        • Type aliases
        • Named tuples
        • The type of class objects
        • Text and AnyStr
        • Generators
      • Class basics
        • Instance and class attributes
        • Annotating init methods
        • Class attribute annotations
        • Overriding statically typed methods
        • Abstract base classes and multiple inheritance
      • Protocols and structural subtyping
        • Predefined protocols
        • Simple user-defined protocols
        • Defining subprotocols and subclassing protocols
        • Recursive protocols
        • Using isinstance() with protocols
        • Callback protocols
      • Type checking Python 2 code
        • Multi-line Python 2 function annotations
        • Additional notes
      • Dynamically typed code
        • Operations on Any values
        • Any vs. object
      • Casts and type assertions
      • Duck type compatibility
      • Stub files
        • Creating a stub
        • Stub file syntax
        • Using stub file syntax at runtime
      • Generics
        • Defining generic classes
        • Generic class internals
        • Defining sub-classes of generic classes
        • Generic functions
        • Generic methods and generic self
        • Variance of generic types
        • Type variables with value restriction
        • Type variables with upper bounds
        • Declaring decorators
        • Generic protocols
        • Generic type aliases
      • More types
        • The NoReturn type
        • NewTypes
        • Function overloading
        • Advanced uses of self-types
        • Typing async/await
        • TypedDict
      • Literal types
        • Parameterizing Literals
        • Declaring literal variables
        • Intelligent indexing
        • Tagged unions
        • Limitations
      • Final names, methods and classes
        • Final names
        • Final methods
        • Final classes
      • Metaclasses
        • Defining a metaclass
        • Metaclass usage example
        • Gotchas and limitations of metaclass support
    • Configuring and running mypy
      • Running mypy and managing imports
        • Specifying code to be checked
        • Reading a list of files from a file
        • How mypy handles imports
        • Missing imports
        • Following imports
        • Mapping file paths to modules
        • How imports are found
        • Other advice and best practices
      • The mypy command line
        • Specifying what to type check
        • Optional arguments
        • Config file
        • Import discovery
        • Platform configuration
        • Disallow dynamic typing
        • Untyped definitions and calls
        • None and Optional handling
        • Configuring warnings
        • Miscellaneous strictness flags
        • Configuring error messages
        • Incremental mode
        • Advanced options
        • Report generation
        • Miscellaneous
      • The mypy configuration file
        • Config file format
        • Per-module and global options
        • Inverting option values
        • Examples
        • Import discovery
        • Platform configuration
        • Disallow dynamic typing
        • Untyped definitions and calls
        • None and Optional handling
        • Configuring warnings
        • Suppressing errors
        • Miscellaneous strictness flags
        • Configuring error messages
        • Incremental mode
        • Advanced options
        • Report generation
        • Miscellaneous
      • Inline configuration
        • Configuration comment format
      • Mypy daemon (mypy server)
        • Basic usage
        • Daemon client commands
        • Additional daemon flags
        • Static inference of annotations
        • Limitations
      • Using installed packages
        • Using PEP 561 compatible packages with mypy
        • Making PEP 561 compatible packages
      • Extending and integrating mypy
        • Integrating mypy into another Python application
        • Extending mypy using plugins
        • Configuring mypy to use plugins
        • High-level overview
        • Current list of plugin hooks
        • Notes about the semantic analyzer
      • Automatic stub generation (stubgen)
        • Specifying what to stub
        • Specifying how to generate stubs
        • Additional flags
    • Miscellaneous
      • Common issues and solutions
        • Can’t install mypy using pip
        • No errors reported for obviously wrong code
        • Spurious errors and locally silencing the checker
        • Ignoring a whole file
        • Unexpected errors about ‘None’ and/or ‘Optional’ types
        • Mypy runs are slow
        • Types of empty collections
        • Redefinitions with incompatible types
        • Invariance vs covariance
        • Declaring a supertype as variable type
        • Complex type tests
        • Python version and system platform checks
        • Displaying the type of an expression
        • Import cycles
        • Using classes that are generic in stubs but not at runtime
        • Silencing linters
        • Covariant subtyping of mutable protocol members is rejected
        • Dealing with conflicting names
        • Using a development mypy build
        • Variables vs type aliases
        • Incompatible overrides
      • Supported Python features
      • Error codes
        • Displaying error codes
        • Silencing errors based on error codes
      • Error codes enabled by default
        • Check that attribute exists [attr-defined]
        • Check that attribute exists in each union item [union-attr]
        • Check that name is defined [name-defined]
        • Check arguments in calls [call-arg]
        • Check argument types [arg-type]
        • Check calls to overloaded functions [call-overload]
        • Check validity of types [valid-type]
        • Require annotation if variable type is unclear [var-annotated]
        • Check validity of overrides [override]
        • Check that function returns a value [return]
        • Check that return value is compatible [return-value]
        • Check types in assignment statement [assignment]
        • Check type variable values [type-var]
        • Check uses of various operators [operator]
        • Check indexing operations [index]
        • Check list items [list-item]
        • Check dict items [dict-item]
        • Check TypedDict items [typeddict-item]
        • Check that type of target is known [has-type]
        • Check that import target can be found [import]
        • Check that each name is defined once [no-redef]
        • Check that called function returns a value [func-returns-value]
        • Check instantiation of abstract classes [abstract]
        • Check the target of NewType [valid-newtype]
        • Check the return type of exit [exit-return]
        • Report syntax errors [syntax]
        • Miscellaneous checks [misc]
      • Error codes for optional checks
        • Check that type arguments exist [type-arg]
        • Check that every function has an annotation [no-untyped-def]
        • Check that cast is not redundant [redundant-cast]
        • Check that comparisons are overlapping [comparison-overlap]
        • Check that no untyped functions are called [no-untyped-call]
        • Check that function does not return Any value [no-any-return]
        • Check that types have no Any components due to missing imports [no-any-unimported]
        • Check that statement or expression is unreachable [unreachable]
      • New features in Python 3.6
        • Syntax for variable annotations (PEP 526)
        • Asynchronous generators (PEP 525) and comprehensions (PEP 530)
        • New named tuple syntax
      • Additional features
        • Dataclasses
        • The attrs package
        • Using a remote cache to speed up mypy runs
        • Extended Callable types
      • Frequently Asked Questions
        • Why have both dynamic and static typing?
        • Would my project benefit from static typing?
        • Can I use mypy to type check my existing Python code?
        • Will static typing make my programs run faster?
        • How do I type check my Python 2 code?
        • Is mypy free?
        • Can I use duck typing with mypy?
        • I like Python and I have no need for static typing
        • How are mypy programs different from normal Python?
        • How is mypy different from Cython?
        • Mypy is a cool project. Can I help?
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