19.1 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

The following section covers frequently asked questions that you may find yourself asking while considering to use or using Micronaut.

Does Micronaut modify my bytecode?

No. Your classes are your classes. Micronaut does not transform classes or modify the bytecode generated from the code you write. Micronaut produces additional classes at compile time in the same package as your original unmodified classes.

Why Doesn’t Micronaut use Spring?

When asking why Micronaut doesn’t use Spring, it is typically in reference to the Spring Dependency Injection container.

The reason Micronaut features its own native JSR-330 compliant dependency injection is that the cost of these features in Spring (and any reflection-based DI/AOP container) is too great in terms of memory consumption and the impact on startup time. To support dependency injection at runtime, Spring:

• Reads the bytecode of every bean it finds at runtime.

• Synthesizes new annotations for each annotation on each bean method, constructor, field etc. to support Annotation metadata.

• Builds Reflective Metadata for each bean for every method, constructor, field, etc.

The result is a progressive degradation of startup time and memory consumption as your application incorporates more features.

For Microservices and Serverless functions where it is critical that startup time and memory consumption remain low, the above behaviour is an undesirable reality of using the Spring container, hence the designers of Micronaut chose not to use Spring.

Does Micronaut support Scala?

Micronaut supports any JVM language that supports the Annotation Processor API. Scala currently does not support this API. However, Groovy also doesn’t support this API and special support has been built that processes the Groovy AST. It may be technically possible to support Scala in the future if a module similar to inject-groovy is built, but as of this writing Scala is not supported.

Can Micronaut be used for purposes other than Microservices?

Yes. Micronaut is very modular and you can choose to use just the Dependency Injection and AOP implementation by including the micronaut-inject-java (or micronaut-inject-groovy for Groovy) dependency in your application.

In fact Micronaut’s support for Serverless Computing uses this exact approach.

What are the advantages of Micronaut’s Dependency Injection and AOP implementation?

Micronaut processes your classes and produces all metadata at compile time. This eliminates the need for reflection, cached reflective metadata, and the requirement to analyze your classes at runtime, all of which lead to slower startup performance and greater memory consumption.

In addition, Micronaut builds reflection-free AOP proxies at compile time, which improves performance, reduces stack trace sizes, and reduces memory consumption.

Why does Micronaut have its own Consul and Eureka client implementations?

The majority of Consul and Eureka clients that exist are blocking and include many external dependencies that inflate your JAR files.

Micronaut’s DiscoveryClient uses Micronaut’s native HTTP client, greatly reducing the need for external dependencies and providing a reactive API onto both discovery servers.

Why am I encountering a NoSuchMethodError occurs loading my beans (Groovy)?

Groovy by default imports classes in the groovy.lang package, including one named @Singleton, an AST transformation class that makes your class a singleton by adding a private constructor and static retrieval method. This annotation is easily confused with the javax.inject.Singleton annotation used to define singleton beans in Micronaut. Make sure you use the correct annotation in your Groovy classes.

Why is it taking much longer than it should to start the application

Micronaut’s startup time is typically very fast. At the application level however, it is possible to affect startup time. If you are seeing slow startup, review any application startup listeners or @Context scope beans that are slowing startup.

Some network issues can also cause slow startup. On the Mac for example, misconfiguration of your /etc/hosts file can cause issues. See the following stackoverflow answer.