Subqueries with IN

语法描述

子查询可以与 IN 操作符一起使用，作为“表达式 IN (子查询)”，查询某个范围内的数据。子查询应该返回带有一行或多行的单个列，以形成 IN 操作使用的值列表。

对多记录、单列子查询使用 IN 子句。子查询返回 IN 或 NOT IN 引入的结果后，外部查询使用它们返回最终结果。

  • 如果子查询结果中有匹配的行，则结果为 TRUE。

  • 如果子查询结果为 NULL，则返回结果为 false。

  • 如果子查询结果中没有匹配的行，结果也是 FALSE。

  • 如果子查询结果中所有的值都为 NULL，则返回结果为 false。

语法结构

  1. > SELECT ... FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (subquery)

示例

  1. create table t1(val varchar(10));
  2. insert into t1 values ('aaa'), ('bbb'),('eee'),('mmm'),('ppp');
  4. mysql> select count(*) from t1 as w1 where w1.val in (select w2.val from t1 as w2 where w2.val like 'm%') and w1.val in (select w3.val from t1 as w3 where w3.val like 'e%');
  5. +----------+
  6. | count(*) |
  7. +----------+
  8. |        0 |
  9. +----------+
  10. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
  1. create table t1 (id int not null, text varchar(20) not null default '', primary key (id));
  2. insert into t1 (id, text) values (1, 'text1'), (2, 'text2'), (3, 'text3'), (4, 'text4'), (5, 'text5'), (6, 'text6'), (7, 'text7'), (8, 'text8'), (9, 'text9'), (10, 'text10'), (11, 'text11'), (12, 'text12');
  4. mysql> select * from t1 where id not in (select id from t1 where id < 8);
  5. +------+--------+
  6. | id   | text   |
  7. +------+--------+
  8. |    8 | text8  |
  9. |    9 | text9  |
  10. |   10 | text10 |
  11. |   11 | text11 |
  12. |   12 | text12 |
  13. +------+--------+
  14. 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  1. CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
  2. CREATE TABLE t2 (a int, b int);
  3. CREATE TABLE t3 (b int NOT NULL);
  4. INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1), (2), (3), (4);
  5. INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (1,10), (3,30);
  7. mysql> select * from t1 where t1.a in (SELECT t1.a FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.a=t1.a);
  8. +------+
  9. | a    |
  10. +------+
  11. |    1 |
  12. |    2 |
  13. |    3 |
  14. |    4 |
  15. +------+
  16. 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  18. mysql> SELECT * FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.b=t3.b WHERE t3.b IS NOT NULL OR t2.a > 10;
  19. Empty set (0.01 sec)
  20. mysql> SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE t1.a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON t2.b=t3.b WHERE t3.b IS NOT NULL OR t2.a > 10);
  21. +------+
  22. | a    |
  23. +------+
  24. |    1 |
  25. |    2 |
  26. |    3 |
  27. |    4 |
  28. +------+
  29. 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  1. create table t1 (a int);
  2. create table t2 (a int, b int);
  3. create table t3 (a int);
  4. create table t4 (a int not null, b int not null);
  5. create table t5 (a int);
  6. create table t6 (a int, b int);
  7. insert into t1 values (2);
  8. insert into t2 values (1,7),(2,7);
  9. insert into t4 values (4,8),(3,8),(5,9);
  10. insert into t5 values (null);
  11. insert into t3 values (6),(7),(3);
  12. insert into t6 values (10,7),(null,7);
  14. mysql> select a,b from t6 where (a,b) in ( select a,b from t4 where a>3);
  15. Empty set (0.02 sec)