起步
搭建 TypeScript 开发环境
- 什么是 compiler?
- less 编译器:
less
- EcmaScript 6 编译器:
babel
- TypeScript 编译器:
typescript
- 一句话:把 TypeScript 转换为 JavaScript ,浏览器就具有运行了
- 在线测试编译环境 compiler
- 本地开发编译环境
npm i -g typescript
# 查看版本号
tsc --version
# 查看使用帮助
tsc --help
编辑器的选择
- Visual Studio Code
- Sublime
- Webstorm
- …
Hello World
新建 greeter.ts
并写入以下内容:
function greeter(person) {
return "Hello, " + person;
}
let user = "Jane User";
document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);
安装编译器:
npm i -g typescript
编译:
tsc greeter.ts
修改 greeter.ts
文件中的代码,为 greeter 函数的参数 person 加上类型声明 :string
:
function greeter(person: string) {
return "Hello, " + person;
}
let user = "Jane User";
document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);
重新编译执行。
让我们继续修改:
function greeter(person: string) {
return "Hello, " + person;
}
let user = [0, 1, 2];
document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);
重新编译,你将看到如下错误:
error TS2345: Argument of type 'number[]' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
接口(Interface)
interface Person {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
function greeter(person: Person) {
return "Hello, " + person.firstName + " " + person.lastName;
}
let user = { firstName: "Jane", lastName: "User" };
document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);
类(Class)
class Student {
fullName: string;
constructor(public firstName: string, public middleInitial: string, public lastName: string) {
this.fullName = firstName + " " + middleInitial + " " + lastName;
}
}
interface Person {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
function greeter(person : Person) {
return "Hello, " + person.firstName + " " + person.lastName;
}
let user = new Student("Jane", "M.", "User");
document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);