3. 基于UDP协议的网络程序
下图是典型的UDP客户端/服务器通讯过程(该图出自[UNPv13e])。
图 37.3. UDP通讯流程
以下是简单的UDP服务器和客户端程序。
- /* server.c */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include "wrap.h"
- #define MAXLINE 80
- #define SERV_PORT 8000
- int main(void)
- {
- struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
- socklen_t cliaddr_len;
- int sockfd;
- char buf[MAXLINE];
- char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
- int i, n;
- sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
- bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
- servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
- Bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
- printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
- while (1) {
- cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
- n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
- if (n == -1)
- perr_exit("recvfrom error");
- printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
- inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
- ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
- for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
- buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
- n = sendto(sockfd, buf, n, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr));
- if (n == -1)
- perr_exit("sendto error");
- }
- }
- /* client.c */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include "wrap.h"
- #define MAXLINE 80
- #define SERV_PORT 8000
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
- int sockfd, n;
- char buf[MAXLINE];
- char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
- socklen_t servaddr_len;
- sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
- bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
- servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
- servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
- while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
- n = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
- if (n == -1)
- perr_exit("sendto error");
- n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, 0);
- if (n == -1)
- perr_exit("recvfrom error");
- Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
- }
- Close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
由于UDP不需要维护连接,程序逻辑简单了很多,但是UDP协议是不可靠的,实际上有很多保证通讯可靠性的机制需要在应用层实现。
编译运行server,在两个终端里各开一个client与server交互,看看server是否具有并发服务的能力。用Ctrl+C关闭server,然后再运行server,看此时client还能否和server联系上。和前面TCP程序的运行结果相比较,体会无连接的含义。