Version: v1.8

Workflow Step Definition

tip

Before reading this section, make sure you have understood the concept of WorkflowStepDefinition in KubeVela and learned the basic knowledge of CUE.

In this section, we will introduce how to customize the workflow step in Application by using CUE through WorkflowStepDefinition.

We can generate WorkflowStepDefinition CUE file with command vela def <def-name> --type workflow-step > <def-name>.cue.

Let’s take a custom step for sending an HTTP request as an example, first, initialize the Definition file:

vela def init request --type workflow-step --desc "Send request to the url" > request.cue

After initialization, we can see the following in request.cue:

request: {
    alias: ""
    annotations: {}
    attributes: {}
    description: "Send request to the url"
    labels: {}
    type: "workflow-step"
}
template: {
}

Inside the template is the execution logic for this workflow step. We can define parameter in template to receive the parameters passed in by the user:

template: {
  parameter: {
        url:    string
        method: *"GET" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE"
        body?: {...}
        header?: [string]: string
    }
}

CUE provides a series of basic builtin packages, such as: regexp, json, strings, math, etc.

At the same time, KubeVela also provides the vela/op package by default, which contains a series of built-in workflow CUE actions, such as: sending HTTP requests, operating K8s resources, printing logs, etc.

Now we can import KubeVela’s built-in vela/op package and CUE’s official encoding/json, use op.#HTTPDo to send HTTP requests according to the user’s parameters, and use json.Marshal() to marshal the data.

import (
    "vela/op"
    "encoding/json"
)
request: {
    alias: ""
    annotations: {}
    attributes: {}
    description: "Send request to the url"
    labels: {}
    type: "workflow-step"
}
template: {
    http: op.#HTTPDo & {
        method: parameter.method
        url:    parameter.url
        request: {
            if parameter.body != _|_ {
                body: json.Marshal(parameter.body)
            }
            if parameter.header != _|_ {
                header: parameter.header
            }
        }
    }
    parameter: {
        url:    string
        method: *"GET" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE"
        body?: {...}
        header?: [string]: string
    }
}

If the HTTP request returns a status code greater than 400, we expect this step to be failed. Use op.#Fail to fail this step, and the definition is like:

import (
    "vela/op"
    "encoding/json"
)
request: {
    alias: ""
    annotations: {}
    attributes: {}
    description: "Send request to the url"
    labels: {}
    type: "workflow-step"
}
template: {
    http: op.#HTTPDo & {
        method: parameter.method
        url:    parameter.url
        request: {
            if parameter.body != _|_ {
                body: json.Marshal(parameter.body)
            }
            if parameter.header != _|_ {
                header: parameter.header
            }
        }
    }
    fail: op.#Steps & {
        if http.response.statusCode > 400 {
            requestFail: op.#Fail & {
                message: "request of \(parameter.url) is fail: \(http.response.statusCode)"
            }
        }
    }
    response: json.Unmarshal(http.response.body)
    parameter: {
        url:    string
        method: *"GET" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE"
        body?: {...}
        header?: [string]: string
    }
}

Use vela def apply -f request.cue to deploy this Definition to the cluster, then we can use this custom step directly in the Application.

Deploy the following Application: The first step of the workflow will send an HTTP request to get the information of the KubeVela repository; at the same time, this step will use the star number of the KubeVela repository as the Output, the next step will use this Output as a parameter, and sent it as message to the Slack:

tip

Please refer to Inputs and Outputs for more information of data passing between steps.

apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: Application
metadata:
  name: request-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  components: []
  workflow:
    steps:
    - name: request
      type: request
      properties:
        url: https://api.github.com/repos/kubevela/kubevela
      outputs:
        - name: stars
          valueFrom: |
            import "strconv"
            "Current star count: " + strconv.FormatInt(response["stargazers_count"], 10)
    - name: notification
      type: notification
      inputs:
        - from: stars
          parameterKey: slack.message.text
      properties:
        slack:
          url:
            value: <your slack url>

If you want to wait a period of time in a workflow step until a certain condition is met, or until the status of a resource becomes ready, you can use op.#ConditionalWait.

Take the status of waiting for a Deployment as an example, use op.#Apply to deploy a Deployment, and then use op.#ConditionalWait to wait for the status of the Deployment to become ready:

import (
    "vela/op"
)
"apply-deployment": {
    alias: ""
    annotations: {}
    attributes: {}
    description: ""
    labels: {}
    type: "workflow-step"
}
template: {
    output: op.#Apply & {
        value: {
            apiVersion: "apps/v1"
            kind:       "Deployment"
            metadata: {
                name:      context.stepName
                namespace: context.namespace
            }
            spec: {
                selector: matchLabels: wr: context.stepName
                template: {
                    metadata: labels: wr: context.stepName
                    spec: containers: [{
                        name:  context.stepName
                        image: parameter.image
                        if parameter["cmd"] != _|_ {
                            command: parameter.cmd
                        }
                    }]
                }
            }
        }
    }
    wait: op.#ConditionalWait & {
        continue: output.value.status.readyReplicas == 1
    }
    parameter: {
        image: string
        cmd?: [...string]
    }
}

KubeVela allows you to reference some runtime data via the context keyword.

In a workflow step definition, you can use the following context data:

KubeVela is fully programmable through CUE, while it leverages Kubernetes as a control plane and is consistent with the API in YAML.

Therefore, the CUE Definition will be translated into the Kubernetes API when applied to the cluster.

Workflow step definitions will be in the following API format:

apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: WorkflowStepDefinition
metadata:
  annotations:
    definition.oam.dev/description: <Function description>
spec:
  schematic:
    cue: # Details of workflow steps defined by CUE language
      template: <CUE format template>

You can check the following resources for more examples:

• Builtin workflow step definitions in the KubeVela github repo.
• Definitions defined in addons in the catalog repo.

Last updated on May 6, 2023 by Tianxin Dong