Kotlin 多平台 Gradle DSL 参考

多平台项目处于 Alpha 版。语言特性与工具都可能在未来的 Kotlin 版本中发生变化。

Kotlin 多平台 Gradle 插件是用于创建 Kotlin 多平台 项目的工具。这里我们提供了它的参考；在为 Kotlin 多平台项目编写 Gradle 构建脚本时， 用它作提醒。 Learn the concepts of Kotlin multiplatform projects, how to create and configure them.

目录

• id 与版本
• 顶层块
• 目标
  • 公共目标配置
  • JVM 目标
  • JavaScript 目标
  • Native 目标
  • Android 目标
• 源集
  • 预定义源集
  • 自定义源集
  • 源集参数
• 编译项
  • 预定义编译项
  • 自定义编译项
  • 编译项参数
• 依赖项
• 语言设置

id 与版本

Kotlin 多平台 Gradle 插件的全限定名是 org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform。 如果你使用 Kotlin Gradle DSL，那么你可以通过 kotlin("multiplatform") 来应用插件。 插件版本与 Kotlin 发行版本相匹配。最新的版本是：1.4.20。

plugins {
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform' version '1.4.20'
}

plugins {
    kotlin("multiplatform") version "1.4.20"
}

顶层块

kotlin 是在 Gradle 构建脚本中用于配置多平台项目的顶层块。 kotlin 块内，你可以使用以下块：

目标

目标 是构建的一部分，负责构建编译、测试、以及针对某个已支持平台打包软件。

Each target can have one or more compilations. In addition to default compilations for test and production purposes, you can create custom compilations.

多平台项目的目标在 kotlin 块中的相应代码块中描述，例如：jvm、android 以及 iosArm64。 以下是可用目标的完整列表：

kotlin {
    jvm()
    iosX64()
    macosX64()
    js().browser()
}

目标的配置项可以包含这两个部分：

• 可用于所有目标的公共目标配置。
• 目标特定的配置项。

Each target can have one or more compilations.

公共目标配置

In any target block, you can use the following declarations:

JVM 目标

In addition to common target configuration, jvm targets have a specific function:

Use this function for projects that contain both Java and Kotlin source files. Note that the default source directories for Java sources don’t follow the Java plugin’s defaults. Instead, they are derived from the Kotlin source sets. For example, if the JVM target has the default name jvm, the paths are src/jvmMain/java (for production Java sources) and src/jvmTest/java for test Java sources. Learn how to include Java sources in JVM compilations.

kotlin {
    jvm {
        withJava()
    } 
}

JavaScript 目标

The js block describes the configuration of JavaScript targets. It can contain one of two blocks depending on the target execution environment:

Learn more about configuring Kotlin/JS projects.

Browser

browser can contain the following configuration blocks:

kotlin {
    js().browser {
        webpackTask { /* ... */ }
        testRuns { /* ... */ }
        dceTask {
            keep("myKotlinJsApplication.org.example.keepFromDce")
        }
        distribution {
            directory = File("$projectDir/customdir/")
        }        
    }
}

Node.js

nodejs can contain configurations of test and run tasks:

kotlin {
    js().nodejs {
        runTask { /* ... */ }
        testRuns { /* ... */ }
    }
}

Native 目标

For native targets, the following specific blocks are available:

Binaries

There are the following kinds of binaries:

kotlin {
    linuxX64 { // Use your target instead.
        binaries {
            executable {
                // Binary configuration.
            }
        }
    }
}

For binaries configuration, the following parameters are available:

binaries {
    executable('my_executable', [RELEASE]) {
        // Build a binary on the basis of the test compilation.
        compilation = compilations.test
        // Custom command line options for the linker.
        linkerOpts = ['-L/lib/search/path', '-L/another/search/path', '-lmylib']
        // Base name for the output file.
        baseName = 'foo'
        // Custom entry point function.
        entryPoint = 'org.example.main'
        // Accessing the output file.
        println("Executable path: ${outputFile.absolutePath}")
        // Accessing the link task.
        linkTask.dependsOn(additionalPreprocessingTask)
        // Accessing the run task.
        // Note that the runTask is null for non-host platforms.
        runTask?.dependsOn(prepareForRun)
    }
    framework('my_framework' [RELEASE]) {
        // Include a static library instead of a dynamic one into the framework.
        isStatic = true
    }
}

binaries {
    executable("my_executable", listOf(RELEASE)) {
        // Build a binary on the basis of the test compilation.
        compilation = compilations["test"]
        // Custom command line options for the linker.
        linkerOpts = mutableListOf("-L/lib/search/path", "-L/another/search/path", "-lmylib")
        // Base name for the output file.
        baseName = "foo"
        // Custom entry point function.
        entryPoint = "org.example.main"
        // Accessing the output file.
        println("Executable path: ${outputFile.absolutePath}")
        // Accessing the link task.
        linkTask.dependsOn(additionalPreprocessingTask)
        // Accessing the run task.
        // Note that the runTask is null for non-host platforms.
        runTask?.dependsOn(prepareForRun)
    }
    framework("my_framework" listOf(RELEASE)) {
        // Include a static library instead of a dynamic one into the framework.
        isStatic = true
    }
}

Learn more about building native binaries.

CInterops

cinterops is a collection of descriptions for interop with native libraries. To provide an interop with a library, add an entry to cinterops and define its parameters:

Learn more how to configure interop with native languages.

kotlin {
    linuxX64 { // Replace with a target you need.
        compilations.main {
            cinterops {
                myInterop {
                    // Def-file describing the native API.
                    // The default path is src/nativeInterop/cinterop/<interop-name>.def
                    defFile project.file("def-file.def")
                    // Package to place the Kotlin API generated.
                    packageName 'org.sample'
                    // Options to be passed to compiler by cinterop tool.
                    compilerOpts '-Ipath/to/headers'
                    // Directories for header search (an analogue of the -I<path> compiler option).
                    includeDirs.allHeaders("path1", "path2")
                    // A shortcut for includeDirs.allHeaders.
                    includeDirs("include/directory", "another/directory")
                }
                anotherInterop { /* ... */ }
            }
        }
    }
}

kotlin {
    linuxX64 {  // Replace with a target you need.
        compilations.getByName("main") {
            val myInterop by cinterops.creating {
                // Def-file describing the native API.
                // The default path is src/nativeInterop/cinterop/<interop-name>.def
                defFile(project.file("def-file.def"))
                // Package to place the Kotlin API generated.
                packageName("org.sample")
                // Options to be passed to compiler by cinterop tool.
                compilerOpts("-Ipath/to/headers")
                // Directories for header search (an analogue of the -I<path> compiler option).
                includeDirs.allHeaders("path1", "path2")
                // A shortcut for includeDirs.allHeaders.
                includeDirs("include/directory", "another/directory")
            }
            val anotherInterop by cinterops.creating { /* ... */ }
        }
    }
}

Android 目标

The Kotlin multiplatform plugin contains two specific functions for android targets. Two functions help you configure build variants:

kotlin {
    android {
        publishLibraryVariants("release", "debug")
    }
}

Learn more about compilation for Android.

The android configuration inside kotlin doesn’t replace the build configuration of any Android project. Learn more about writing build scripts for Android projects in Android developer documentation.

源集

The sourceSets block describes source sets of the project. A source set contains Kotlin source files that participate in compilations together, along with their resources, dependencies, and language settings.

A multiplatform project contains predefined source sets for its targets; developers can also create custom source sets for their needs.

预定义源集

Predefined source sets are set up automatically upon creation of a multiplatform project. Available predefined source sets are the following:

With Kotlin Gradle DSL, the sections of predefined source sets should be marked by getting.

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        commonMain { /* ... */ } 
    }
}

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        val commonMain by getting { /* ... */ } 
    }
}

Learn more about source sets.

自定义源集

Custom source sets are created by the project developers manually. To create a custom source set, add a section with its name inside the sourceSets section. If using Kotlin Gradle DSL, mark custom source sets by creating.

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        myMain { /* ... */ } // create or configure a source set by the name 'myMain' 
    }
}

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        val myMain by creating { /* ... */ } // create a new source set by the name 'MyMain'
    }
}

Note that a newly created source set isn’t connected to other ones. To use it in the project’s compilations, connect it with other source sets.

源集参数

Configurations of source sets are stored inside the corresponding blocks of sourceSets. A source set has the following parameters:

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        commonMain {
            kotlin.srcDir('src')
            resources.srcDir('res')
            dependencies {
                /* ... */
            }           
        } 
    }
}

kotlin { 
    sourceSets { 
        val commonMain by getting {
            kotlin.srcDir("src")
            resources.srcDir("res")
            dependencies {
                /* ... */
            } 
        } 
    }
}

编译项

A target can have one or more compilations, for example, for production or testing. There are predefined compilations that are added automatically upon target creation. You can additionally create custom compilations.

To refer to all or some particular compilations of a target, use the compilations object collection. From compilations, you can refer to a compilation by its name.

Learn more about configuring compilations.

预定义编译项

Predefined compilations are created automatically for each target of a project except for Android targets. Available predefined compilations are the following:

kotlin {
    jvm {
        compilations.main.output // get the main compilation output
        compilations.test.runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
}

kotlin {
    jvm {
        val main by compilations.getting {
            output // get the main compilation output
        }
        compilations["test"].runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
}

自定义编译项

In addition to predefined compilations, you can create your own custom compilations. To create a custom compilation, add a new item into the compilations collection. If using Kotlin Gradle DSL, mark custom compilations by creating.

Learn more about creating a custom compilation.

kotlin {
    jvm() {
        compilations.create('integrationTest') {
            defaultSourceSet {
                dependencies {
                    /* ... */
                }
            }
            // Create a test task to run the tests produced by this compilation:
            tasks.register('jvmIntegrationTest', Test) {
                /* ... */
            }
        }
    }
}

kotlin {
    jvm() {
        compilations {
            val integrationTest by compilations.creating {
                defaultSourceSet {
                    dependencies {
                        /* ... */
                    }
                }
                // Create a test task to run the tests produced by this compilation:
                tasks.register<Test>("integrationTest") {
                    /* ... */
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

编译项参数

A compilation has the following parameters:

kotlin {
    jvm {
        compilations.main.kotlinOptions { 
            // Setup the Kotlin compiler options for the 'main' compilation:
            jvmTarget = "1.8"
        }
        compilations.main.compileKotlinTask // get the Kotlin task 'compileKotlinJvm' 
        compilations.main.output // get the main compilation output
        compilations.test.runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
    // Configure all compilations of all targets:
    targets.all {
        compilations.all {
            kotlinOptions {
                allWarningsAsErrors = true
            }
        }
    }
}

kotlin {
    jvm {
        val main by compilations.getting {
            kotlinOptions { 
                // Setup the Kotlin compiler options for the 'main' compilation:
                jvmTarget = "1.8"
            }
            compileKotlinTask // get the Kotlin task 'compileKotlinJvm' 
            output // get the main compilation output
        }
        compilations["test"].runtimeDependencyFiles // get the test runtime classpath
    }
    // Configure all compilations of all targets:
    targets.all {
        compilations.all {
            kotlinOptions {
                allWarningsAsErrors = true
            }
        }
    }
}

依赖项

The dependencies block of the source set declaration contains the dependencies of this source set.

Learn more about configuring dependencies.

There are four types of dependencies:

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        commonMain {
            dependencies {
                api 'com.example:foo-metadata:1.0'
            }
        }
        jvm6Main {
            dependencies {
                implementation 'com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0'
            }
        }
    }
}

kotlin {
    sourceSets {
        val commonMain by getting {
            dependencies {
                api("com.example:foo-metadata:1.0")
            }
        }
        val jvm6Main by getting {
            dependencies {
                implementation("com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0")
            }
        }
    }
}

Additionally, source sets can depend on each other and for a hierarchy. In this case, the dependsOn() relation is used.

Source set dependencies can also be declared in the top-level dependencies block of the build script. In this case, their declarations follow the pattern <sourceSetName><DependencyKind>, for example, commonMainApi.

dependencies {
    commonMainApi 'com.example:foo-common:1.0'
    jvm6MainApi 'com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0'
}

dependencies {
    "commonMainApi"("com.example:foo-common:1.0")
    "jvm6MainApi"("com.example:foo-jvm6:1.0")
}

语言设置

The languageSettings block of a source set defines certain aspects of project analysis and build. The following language settings are available:

kotlin {
    sourceSets.all {
        languageSettings {
            languageVersion = '1.4' // possible values: '1.0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4'
            apiVersion = '1.4' // possible values: '1.0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4'
            enableLanguageFeature('InlineClasses') // language feature name
            useExperimentalAnnotation('kotlin.ExperimentalUnsignedTypes') // annotation FQ-name
            progressiveMode = true // false by default
        }
    }
}

kotlin {
    sourceSets.all {
        languageSettings.apply {
            languageVersion = "1.4" // possible values: "1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", "1.4"
            apiVersion = "1.4" // possible values: "1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", "1.4"
            enableLanguageFeature("InlineClasses") // language feature name
            useExperimentalAnnotation("kotlin.ExperimentalUnsignedTypes") // annotation FQ-name
            progressiveMode = true // false by default
        }
    }
}