Python Native API

Requirements

You have to install thrift (>=0.13) before using the package.

How to use (Example)

First, download the package: pip3 install apache-iotdb

You can get an example of using the package to read and write data at here: ExamplePython Native API - 图1open in new window

An example of aligned timeseries: Aligned Timeseries Session ExamplePython Native API - 图2open in new window

(you need to add import iotdb in the head of the file)

Or:

  1. from iotdb.Session import Session
  3. ip = "127.0.0.1"
  4. port_ = "6667"
  5. username_ = "root"
  6. password_ = "root"
  7. session = Session(ip, port_, username_, password_)
  8. session.open(False)
  9. zone = session.get_time_zone()
  10. session.close()

Initialization

  • Initialize a Session
  1. session = Session(
  2.     ip="127.0.0.1",
  3.     port="6667",
  4.     user="root",
  5.     password="root",
  6.     fetch_size=1024,
  7.     zone_id="UTC+8",
  8.     enable_redirection=True
  9. )
  • Initialize a Session to connect multiple nodes
  1. session = Session.init_from_node_urls(
  2.     node_urls=["127.0.0.1:6667", "127.0.0.1:6668", "127.0.0.1:6669"],
  3.     user="root",
  4.     password="root",
  5.     fetch_size=1024,
  6.     zone_id="UTC+8",
  7.     enable_redirection=True
  8. )
  • Open a session, with a parameter to specify whether to enable RPC compression
  1. session.open(enable_rpc_compression=False)

Notice: this RPC compression status of client must comply with that of IoTDB server

  • Close a Session
  1. session.close()

Managing Session through SessionPool

Utilizing SessionPool to manage sessions eliminates the need to worry about session reuse. When the number of session connections reaches the maximum capacity of the pool, requests for acquiring a session will be blocked, and you can set the blocking wait time through parameters. After using a session, it should be returned to the SessionPool using the putBack method for proper management.

Create SessionPool

  1. pool_config = PoolConfig(host=ip,port=port, user_name=username,
  2.                          password=password, fetch_size=1024,
  3.                          time_zone="UTC+8", max_retry=3)
  4. max_pool_size = 5
  5. wait_timeout_in_ms = 3000
  7. # # Create the connection pool
  8. session_pool = SessionPool(pool_config, max_pool_size, wait_timeout_in_ms)

Create a SessionPool using distributed nodes.

  1. pool_config = PoolConfig(node_urls=node_urls=["127.0.0.1:6667", "127.0.0.1:6668", "127.0.0.1:6669"], user_name=username,
  2.                          password=password, fetch_size=1024,
  3.                          time_zone="UTC+8", max_retry=3)
  4. max_pool_size = 5
  5. wait_timeout_in_ms = 3000

Acquiring a session through SessionPool and manually calling PutBack after use

  1. session = session_pool.get_session()
  2. session.set_storage_group(STORAGE_GROUP_NAME)
  3. session.create_time_series(
  4.   TIMESERIES_PATH, TSDataType.BOOLEAN, TSEncoding.PLAIN, Compressor.SNAPPY
  5. )
  6. # After usage, return the session using putBack
  7. session_pool.put_back(session)
  8. # When closing the sessionPool, all managed sessions will be closed as well
  9. session_pool.close()

Data Definition Interface (DDL Interface)

Database Management

  • CREATE DATABASE
  1. session.set_storage_group(group_name)
  • Delete one or several databases
  1. session.delete_storage_group(group_name)
  2. session.delete_storage_groups(group_name_lst)

Timeseries Management

  • Create one or multiple timeseries
  1. session.create_time_series(ts_path, data_type, encoding, compressor,
  2.     props=None, tags=None, attributes=None, alias=None)
  4. session.create_multi_time_series(
  5.     ts_path_lst, data_type_lst, encoding_lst, compressor_lst,
  6.     props_lst=None, tags_lst=None, attributes_lst=None, alias_lst=None
  7. )
  • Create aligned timeseries
  1. session.create_aligned_time_series(
  2.     device_id, measurements_lst, data_type_lst, encoding_lst, compressor_lst
  3. )

Attention: Alias of measurements are not supported currently.

  • Delete one or several timeseries
  1. session.delete_time_series(paths_list)
  • Check whether the specific timeseries exists
  1. session.check_time_series_exists(path)

Data Manipulation Interface (DML Interface)

Insert

It is recommended to use insertTablet to help improve write efficiency.

  • Insert a Tablet，which is multiple rows of a device, each row has the same measurements
    • Better Write Performance
    • Support null values: fill the null value with any value, and then mark the null value via BitMap (from v0.13)

We have two implementations of Tablet in Python API.

  • Normal Tablet
  1. values_ = [
  2.     [False, 10, 11, 1.1, 10011.1, "test01"],
  3.     [True, 100, 11111, 1.25, 101.0, "test02"],
  4.     [False, 100, 1, 188.1, 688.25, "test03"],
  5.     [True, 0, 0, 0, 6.25, "test04"],
  6. ]
  7. timestamps_ = [1, 2, 3, 4]
  8. tablet_ = Tablet(
  9.     device_id, measurements_, data_types_, values_, timestamps_
  10. )
  11. session.insert_tablet(tablet_)
  13. values_ = [
  14.     [None, 10, 11, 1.1, 10011.1, "test01"],
  15.     [True, None, 11111, 1.25, 101.0, "test02"],
  16.     [False, 100, None, 188.1, 688.25, "test03"],
  17.     [True, 0, 0, 0, None, None],
  18. ]
  19. timestamps_ = [16, 17, 18, 19]
  20. tablet_ = Tablet(
  21.     device_id, measurements_, data_types_, values_, timestamps_
  22. )
  23. session.insert_tablet(tablet_)
  • Numpy Tablet

Comparing with Tablet, Numpy Tablet is using numpy.ndarrayPython Native API - 图3open in new window to record data.
With less memory footprint and time cost of serialization, the insert performance will be better.

Notice

  1. time and numerical value columns in Tablet is ndarray
  2. recommended to use the specific dtypes to each ndarray, see the example below
    (if not, the default dtypes are also ok).
  1. import numpy as np
  2. data_types_ = [
  3.     TSDataType.BOOLEAN,
  4.     TSDataType.INT32,
  5.     TSDataType.INT64,
  6.     TSDataType.FLOAT,
  7.     TSDataType.DOUBLE,
  8.     TSDataType.TEXT,
  9. ]
  10. np_values_ = [
  11.     np.array([False, True, False, True], TSDataType.BOOLEAN.np_dtype()),
  12.     np.array([10, 100, 100, 0], TSDataType.INT32.np_dtype()),
  13.     np.array([11, 11111, 1, 0], TSDataType.INT64.np_dtype()),
  14.     np.array([1.1, 1.25, 188.1, 0], TSDataType.FLOAT.np_dtype()),
  15.     np.array([10011.1, 101.0, 688.25, 6.25], TSDataType.DOUBLE.np_dtype()),
  16.     np.array(["test01", "test02", "test03", "test04"], TSDataType.TEXT.np_dtype()),
  17. ]
  18. np_timestamps_ = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4], TSDataType.INT64.np_dtype())
  19. np_tablet_ = NumpyTablet(
  20.   device_id, measurements_, data_types_, np_values_, np_timestamps_
  21. )
  22. session.insert_tablet(np_tablet_)
  24. # insert one numpy tablet with None into the database.
  25. np_values_ = [
  26.     np.array([False, True, False, True], TSDataType.BOOLEAN.np_dtype()),
  27.     np.array([10, 100, 100, 0], TSDataType.INT32.np_dtype()),
  28.     np.array([11, 11111, 1, 0], TSDataType.INT64.np_dtype()),
  29.     np.array([1.1, 1.25, 188.1, 0], TSDataType.FLOAT.np_dtype()),
  30.     np.array([10011.1, 101.0, 688.25, 6.25], TSDataType.DOUBLE.np_dtype()),
  31.     np.array(["test01", "test02", "test03", "test04"], TSDataType.TEXT.np_dtype()),
  32. ]
  33. np_timestamps_ = np.array([98, 99, 100, 101], TSDataType.INT64.np_dtype())
  34. np_bitmaps_ = []
  35. for i in range(len(measurements_)):
  36.     np_bitmaps_.append(BitMap(len(np_timestamps_)))
  37. np_bitmaps_[0].mark(0)
  38. np_bitmaps_[1].mark(1)
  39. np_bitmaps_[2].mark(2)
  40. np_bitmaps_[4].mark(3)
  41. np_bitmaps_[5].mark(3)
  42. np_tablet_with_none = NumpyTablet(
  43.     device_id, measurements_, data_types_, np_values_, np_timestamps_, np_bitmaps_
  44. )
  45. session.insert_tablet(np_tablet_with_none)
  • Insert multiple Tablets
  1. session.insert_tablets(tablet_lst)
  • Insert a Record
  1. session.insert_record(device_id, timestamp, measurements_, data_types_, values_)
  • Insert multiple Records
  1. session.insert_records(
  2.     device_ids_, time_list_, measurements_list_, data_type_list_, values_list_
  3. )
  • Insert multiple Records that belong to the same device.
    With type info the server has no need to do type inference, which leads a better performance
  1. session.insert_records_of_one_device(device_id, time_list, measurements_list, data_types_list, values_list)

Insert with type inference

When the data is of String type, we can use the following interface to perform type inference based on the value of the value itself. For example, if value is “true” , it can be automatically inferred to be a boolean type. If value is “3.2” , it can be automatically inferred as a flout type. Without type information, server has to do type inference, which may cost some time.

  • Insert a Record, which contains multiple measurement value of a device at a timestamp
  1. session.insert_str_record(device_id, timestamp, measurements, string_values)

Insert of Aligned Timeseries

The Insert of aligned timeseries uses interfaces like insert_aligned_XXX, and others are similar to the above interfaces:

  • insert_aligned_record
  • insert_aligned_records
  • insert_aligned_records_of_one_device
  • insert_aligned_tablet
  • insert_aligned_tablets

IoTDB-SQL Interface

  • Execute query statement
  1. session.execute_query_statement(sql)
  • Execute non query statement
  1. session.execute_non_query_statement(sql)
  • Execute statement
  1. session.execute_statement(sql)

Schema Template

Create Schema Template

The step for creating a metadata template is as follows

  1. Create the template class
  2. Adding MeasurementNode
  3. Execute create schema template function
  1. template = Template(name=template_name, share_time=True)
  3. m_node_x = MeasurementNode("x", TSDataType.FLOAT, TSEncoding.RLE, Compressor.SNAPPY)
  4. m_node_y = MeasurementNode("y", TSDataType.FLOAT, TSEncoding.RLE, Compressor.SNAPPY)
  5. m_node_z = MeasurementNode("z", TSDataType.FLOAT, TSEncoding.RLE, Compressor.SNAPPY)
  7. template.add_template(m_node_x)
  8. template.add_template(m_node_y)
  9. template.add_template(m_node_z)
  11. session.create_schema_template(template)

Modify Schema Template measurements

Modify measurements in a template, the template must be already created. These are functions that add or delete some measurement nodes.

  • add node in template
  1. session.add_measurements_in_template(template_name, measurements_path, data_types, encodings, compressors, is_aligned)
  • delete node in template
  1. session.delete_node_in_template(template_name, path)

Set Schema Template

  1. session.set_schema_template(template_name, prefix_path)

Uset Schema Template

  1. session.unset_schema_template(template_name, prefix_path)

Show Schema Template

  • Show all schema templates
  1. session.show_all_templates()
  • Count all measurements in templates
  1. session.count_measurements_in_template(template_name)
  • Judge whether the path is measurement or not in templates, This measurement must be in the template
  1. session.count_measurements_in_template(template_name, path)
  • Judge whether the path is exist or not in templates, This path may not belong to the template
  1. session.is_path_exist_in_template(template_name, path)
  • Show nodes under in schema template
  1. session.show_measurements_in_template(template_name)
  • Show the path prefix where a schema template is set
  1. session.show_paths_template_set_on(template_name)
  • Show the path prefix where a schema template is used (i.e. the time series has been created)
  1. session.show_paths_template_using_on(template_name)

Drop Schema Template

Delete an existing metadata template，dropping an already set template is not supported

  1. session.drop_schema_template("template_python")

Pandas Support

To easily transform a query result to a Pandas DataframePython Native API - 图4open in new window
the SessionDataSet has a method .todf() which consumes the dataset and transforms it to a pandas dataframe.

Example:

  1. from iotdb.Session import Session
  3. ip = "127.0.0.1"
  4. port_ = "6667"
  5. username_ = "root"
  6. password_ = "root"
  7. session = Session(ip, port_, username_, password_)
  8. session.open(False)
  9. result = session.execute_query_statement("SELECT * FROM root.*")
  11. # Transform to Pandas Dataset
  12. df = result.todf()
  14. session.close()
  16. # Now you can work with the dataframe
  17. df = ...

IoTDB Testcontainer

The Test Support is based on the lib testcontainers (https://testcontainers-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.htmlPython Native API - 图5open in new window) which you need to install in your project if you want to use the feature.

To start (and stop) an IoTDB Database in a Docker container simply do:

  1. class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  3.     def test_something(self):
  4.         with IoTDBContainer() as c:
  5.             session = Session("localhost", c.get_exposed_port(6667), "root", "root")
  6.             session.open(False)
  7.             result = session.execute_query_statement("SHOW TIMESERIES")
  8.             print(result)
  9.             session.close()

by default it will load the image apache/iotdb:latest, if you want a specific version just pass it like e.g. IoTDBContainer("apache/iotdb:0.12.0") to get version 0.12.0 running.

IoTDB DBAPI

IoTDB DBAPI implements the Python DB API 2.0 specification (https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/Python Native API - 图6open in new window), which defines a common
interface for accessing databases in Python.

Examples

  • Initialization

The initialized parameters are consistent with the session part (except for the sqlalchemy_mode).

  1. from iotdb.dbapi import connect
  3. ip = "127.0.0.1"
  4. port_ = "6667"
  5. username_ = "root"
  6. password_ = "root"
  7. conn = connect(ip, port_, username_, password_,fetch_size=1024,zone_id="UTC+8",sqlalchemy_mode=False)
  8. cursor = conn.cursor()
  • simple SQL statement execution
  1. cursor.execute("SELECT ** FROM root")
  2. for row in cursor.fetchall():
  3.     print(row)
  • execute SQL with parameter

IoTDB DBAPI supports pyformat style parameters

  1. cursor.execute("SELECT ** FROM root WHERE time < %(time)s",{"time":"2017-11-01T00:08:00.000"})
  2. for row in cursor.fetchall():
  3.     print(row)
  • execute SQL with parameter sequences
  1. seq_of_parameters = [
  2.     {"timestamp": 1, "temperature": 1},
  3.     {"timestamp": 2, "temperature": 2},
  4.     {"timestamp": 3, "temperature": 3},
  5.     {"timestamp": 4, "temperature": 4},
  6.     {"timestamp": 5, "temperature": 5},
  7. ]
  8. sql = "insert into root.cursor(timestamp,temperature) values(%(timestamp)s,%(temperature)s)"
  9. cursor.executemany(sql,seq_of_parameters)
  • close the connection and cursor
  1. cursor.close()
  2. conn.close()

IoTDB SQLAlchemy Dialect (Experimental)

The SQLAlchemy dialect of IoTDB is written to adapt to Apache Superset.
This part is still being improved.
Please do not use it in the production environment!

Mapping of the metadata

The data model used by SQLAlchemy is a relational data model, which describes the relationships between different entities through tables.
While the data model of IoTDB is a hierarchical data model, which organizes the data through a tree structure.
In order to adapt IoTDB to the dialect of SQLAlchemy, the original data model in IoTDB needs to be reorganized.
Converting the data model of IoTDB into the data model of SQLAlchemy.

The metadata in the IoTDB are：

  1. Database
  2. Path
  3. Entity
  4. Measurement

The metadata in the SQLAlchemy are：

  1. Schema
  2. Table
  3. Column

The mapping relationship between them is：

The metadata in the SQLAlchemyThe metadata in the IoTDB
SchemaDatabase
TablePath ( from database to entity ) + Entity
ColumnMeasurement

The following figure shows the relationship between the two more intuitively:

sqlalchemy-to-iotdb

sqlalchemy-to-iotdb

Data type mapping

data type in IoTDBdata type in SQLAlchemy
BOOLEANBoolean
INT32Integer
INT64BigInteger
FLOATFloat
DOUBLEFloat
TEXTText
LONGBigInteger

Example

  • execute statement
  1. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  3. engine = create_engine("iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667")
  4. connect = engine.connect()
  5. result = connect.execute("SELECT ** FROM root")
  6. for row in result.fetchall():
  7.     print(row)
  • ORM (now only simple queries are supported)
  1. from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Float, BigInteger, MetaData
  2. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  3. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
  5. metadata = MetaData(
  6.     schema='root.factory'
  7. )
  8. Base = declarative_base(metadata=metadata)
  11. class Device(Base):
  12.     __tablename__ = "room2.device1"
  13.     Time = Column(BigInteger, primary_key=True)
  14.     temperature = Column(Float)
  15.     status = Column(Float)
  18. engine = create_engine("iotdb://root:root@127.0.0.1:6667")
  20. DbSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  21. session = DbSession()
  23. res = session.query(Device.status).filter(Device.temperature > 1)
  25. for row in res:
  26.     print(row)

Developers

Introduction

This is an example of how to connect to IoTDB with python, using the thrift rpc interfaces. Things are almost the same on Windows or Linux, but pay attention to the difference like path separator.

Prerequisites

Python3.7 or later is preferred.

You have to install Thrift (0.11.0 or later) to compile our thrift file into python code. Below is the official tutorial of installation, eventually, you should have a thrift executable.

  1. http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/

Before starting you need to install requirements_dev.txt in your python environment, e.g. by calling

  1. pip install -r requirements_dev.txt

Compile the thrift library and Debug

In the root of IoTDB’s source code folder, run mvn clean generate-sources -pl iotdb-client/client-py -am.

This will automatically delete and repopulate the folder iotdb/thrift with the generated thrift files.
This folder is ignored from git and should never be pushed to git!

Notice Do not upload iotdb/thrift to the git repo.

Session Client & Example

We packed up the Thrift interface in client-py/src/iotdb/Session.py (similar with its Java counterpart), also provided an example file client-py/src/SessionExample.py of how to use the session module. please read it carefully.

Or, another simple example:

  1. from iotdb.Session import Session
  3. ip = "127.0.0.1"
  4. port_ = "6667"
  5. username_ = "root"
  6. password_ = "root"
  7. session = Session(ip, port_, username_, password_)
  8. session.open(False)
  9. zone = session.get_time_zone()
  10. session.close()

Tests

Please add your custom tests in tests folder.

To run all defined tests just type pytest . in the root folder.

Notice Some tests need docker to be started on your system as a test instance is started in a docker container using testcontainersPython Native API - 图8open in new window.

Futher Tools

blackPython Native API - 图9open in new window and flake8Python Native API - 图10open in new window are installed for autoformatting and linting.
Both can be run by black . or flake8 . respectively.

Releasing

To do a release just ensure that you have the right set of generated thrift files.
Then run linting and auto-formatting.
Then, ensure that all tests work (via pytest .).
Then you are good to go to do a release!

Preparing your environment

First, install all necessary dev dependencies via pip install -r requirements_dev.txt.

Doing the Release

There is a convenient script release.sh to do all steps for a release.
Namely, these are

  • Remove all transient directories from last release (if exists)
  • (Re-)generate all generated sources via mvn
  • Run Linting (flake8)
  • Run Tests via pytest
  • Build
  • Release to pypi